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Distribution of Cardiovascular Health by Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Foraker, RE; Bush, C; Greiner, MA; Sims, M; Henderson, K; Smith, S; Bidulescu, A; Shoben, AB; Hardy, NC; O'Brien, E
Published in: Glob Heart
September 2019

BACKGROUND: Data demonstrate a positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular health (CVH). OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between individual- and neighborhood-level SES and CVH among participants of the JHS (Jackson Heart Study), a community-based cohort of African Americans in Jackson, Mississippi. METHODS: We included all JHS participants with complete SES and CVH information at the baseline study visit (n = 3,667). We characterized individual- and neighborhood-level SES according to income (primary analysis) and education (secondary analysis), respectively. The outcome of interest for these analyses was a CVH score, based on 7 modifiable behaviors and factors, summed to a total of 0 (worst) to 14 (best) points. We utilized generalized estimating equations to account for the clustering of participants within the same residential areas to estimate the linear association between SES and CVH. RESULTS: The median age of the participants was 55 years, and 64% were women. Nearly one-third of eligible participants had individual incomes <$20,000 and close to 40% lived in the lowest neighborhood income category (<$25,480). Adjusted for age, sex, and neighborhood SES, there was an average increase in CVH score of 0.31 points associated with each 1-category increase in individual income. Similarly, each 1-category increase in neighborhood SES was associated with a 0.19-point increase in CVH score. These patterns held for our secondary analyses, which used educational attainment in place of income. These data did not suggest a synergistic effect of individual- and neighborhood-level SES on CVH. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a potential causal pathway for disparities in CVH among vulnerable populations. These data can be useful to the JHS community to empower public health and clinical interventions and policies for the improvement of CVH.

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Published In

Glob Heart

DOI

EISSN

2211-8179

Publication Date

September 2019

Volume

14

Issue

3

Start / End Page

241 / 250

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Social Class
  • Residence Characteristics
  • Mississippi
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Income
  • Humans
  • Health Status Disparities
  • Female
 

Citation

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Foraker, R. E., Bush, C., Greiner, M. A., Sims, M., Henderson, K., Smith, S., … O’Brien, E. (2019). Distribution of Cardiovascular Health by Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study. Glob Heart, 14(3), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2019.04.007
Foraker, Randi E., Christopher Bush, Melissa A. Greiner, Mario Sims, Kamal Henderson, Sakima Smith, Aurelian Bidulescu, Abigail B. Shoben, N Chantelle Hardy, and Emily O’Brien. “Distribution of Cardiovascular Health by Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study.Glob Heart 14, no. 3 (September 2019): 241–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2019.04.007.
Foraker RE, Bush C, Greiner MA, Sims M, Henderson K, Smith S, et al. Distribution of Cardiovascular Health by Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study. Glob Heart. 2019 Sep;14(3):241–50.
Foraker, Randi E., et al. “Distribution of Cardiovascular Health by Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study.Glob Heart, vol. 14, no. 3, Sept. 2019, pp. 241–50. Pubmed, doi:10.1016/j.gheart.2019.04.007.
Foraker RE, Bush C, Greiner MA, Sims M, Henderson K, Smith S, Bidulescu A, Shoben AB, Hardy NC, O’Brien E. Distribution of Cardiovascular Health by Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study. Glob Heart. 2019 Sep;14(3):241–250.
Journal cover image

Published In

Glob Heart

DOI

EISSN

2211-8179

Publication Date

September 2019

Volume

14

Issue

3

Start / End Page

241 / 250

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Social Class
  • Residence Characteristics
  • Mississippi
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Income
  • Humans
  • Health Status Disparities
  • Female