A five-factor theory perspective on traits and culture

The five-factor model (FFM) is a hierarchical classification of personality traits with claims to both comprehensiveness and universality. Hundreds of studies of the FFM have revealed how traits operate, and five-factor theory (FFT) was devised to integrate these findings to show how personality develops and functions. Fundamental to FFT is the distinction between basic tendencies (which include the traits of the FFM) and the characteristic adaptations that evolve from the interaction of traits with the environment. We outline FFT, with special attention to the role of culture. According to FFT, culture has little or no impact on traits themselves, but dramatic effects on the habits, beliefs, values, roles, and relationships that constitute characteristic adaptations. Modifications to FFT are considered. © 2006 Société française de psychologie.

Duke Scholars

Author Paul T. Costa Jr. Medicine, Geriatrics and Palliative Care