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Nutritional quality of calorie restricted diets in the CALERIE™ 1 trial.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Racette, SB; Barry, VG; Bales, CW; McCrory, MA; Obert, KA; Gilhooly, CH; Roberts, SB; Martin, CK; Champagne, C; Das, SK
Published in: Exp Gerontol
August 2022

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine the nutritional adequacy of calorie restricted (CR) diets during CR interventions up to 12 months. METHODS: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) phase 1 trial consisted of 3 single-site studies to test the feasibility and effectiveness of CR in adults without obesity. After baseline assessments, participants who were randomized to a CR intervention received education and training from registered dietitians on how to follow a healthful CR diet. Food diaries were completed at baseline and during the CR interventions (~6, 9, and 12 months) when participants were self-selecting CR diets. Diaries were analyzed for energy, macronutrients, fiber, 11 vitamins, and 9 minerals. Nutritional adequacy was defined by sex- and age-specific Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI) criteria for each nutrient. Diet quality was evaluated using the PANDiet diet quality index. RESULTS: Eighty-eight CR participants (67% women, age 40 ± 9 y, BMI 27.7 ± 1.5 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. Dietary intake of fiber and most vitamins and minerals increased during CR. More than 90% of participants achieved 100% of EAR or AI during CR for 2 of 4 macronutrients (carbohydrate and protein), 6 of 11 vitamins (A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12), and 6 of 9 minerals assessed (copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, sodium, zinc). Nutrients for which <90% of participants achieved adequacy included fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins B5, B9, C, E, and K, and the minerals calcium, magnesium, and potassium. The PANDiet diet quality index improved from 72.9 ± 6.0% at baseline to 75.7 ± 5.2% during CR (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Long-term, calorie-restricted diets were nutritionally equal or superior to baseline ad libitum diets among adults without obesity. Our results support modest calorie restriction as a safe strategy to promote healthy aging without compromising nutritional adequacy or diet quality.

Duke Scholars

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Published In

Exp Gerontol

DOI

EISSN

1873-6815

Publication Date

August 2022

Volume

165

Start / End Page

111840

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Vitamins
  • Obesity
  • Nutritive Value
  • Minerals
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Gerontology
  • Female
  • Energy Intake
  • Dietary Fiber
 

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Racette, S. B., Barry, V. G., Bales, C. W., McCrory, M. A., Obert, K. A., Gilhooly, C. H., … Das, S. K. (2022). Nutritional quality of calorie restricted diets in the CALERIE™ 1 trial. Exp Gerontol, 165, 111840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2022.111840
Journal cover image

Published In

Exp Gerontol

DOI

EISSN

1873-6815

Publication Date

August 2022

Volume

165

Start / End Page

111840

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Vitamins
  • Obesity
  • Nutritive Value
  • Minerals
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Gerontology
  • Female
  • Energy Intake
  • Dietary Fiber