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Evaluating the Effect of Concussion-Education Programs on Intent to Report Concussion in High School Football.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Daneshvar, DH; Yutsis, M; Baugh, CM; Pea, RD; Goldman, S; Grant, GA; Ghajar, J; Sanders, LM; Chen, CL; Tenekedjieva, L-T; Gurrapu, S ...
Published in: J Athl Train
November 1, 2021

CONTEXT: Concussion underreporting leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment, prolonging recovery time. Athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms, therefore, reduces risk. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of 3 concussion-education programs in improving concussion-reporting intention. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Three high schools in California. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 118 male football players (age = 14.88 ± 1.19 years). INTERVENTION(S): Participants were randomly assigned to receive concussion education via CrashCourse (CC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) video education materials (CDC-Vi), or CDC written education materials (CDC-Wr). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcome was concussion-reporting intention, which was assessed at baseline, immediately after education, and at 1-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were concussion knowledge, concussion-reporting attitudes, perceived concussion-reporting norms, and perceived behavioral control. RESULTS: Across all education formats, a total sample of athletes improved in concussion-reporting intention at immediate and 1-month follow-ups (mean improvements = 6.8% and 11.4%, respectively; F4,224 = 11.1, P < .001). Similar findings were observed across all education formats in secondary analyses examining knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control. However, we noted differences in concussion-reporting intention by education format and time (F4,224 = 2.8, P = .03). Post hoc analysis showed that athletes who received CC had increased concussion-reporting intentions at immediate and 1-month follow-ups (baseline = 4.7, immediate follow-up = 6.1, 1-month follow-up = 6.0; F16,61.1 = 6.1, P = .007) compared with increases only at 1-month follow-up for CDC-Vi (baseline = 4.3, immediate follow-up = 5.2, 1-month follow-up = 5.8; F1.6,61.6 = 8.4, P = .001) and no improvement for CDC-Wr (P = .10). Secondary analyses indicated differences between CC and both CDC interventions in concussion knowledge and attitudes at immediate and 1-month follow-ups. We identified no differences in perceived behavioral control among interventions (F4,216 = 0.2, P = .93) or perceived concussion-reporting norms across (F4,224 = 0.3, P = .73) or among (F4,224 = 1.7, P = .15) interventions. CONCLUSIONS: All athletes exhibited an improved intent to report concussions, increased concussion knowledge, better concussion attitudes, and more perceived behavioral control at both immediate and 1-month follow-ups. However, athletes randomized to receive CC reported a greater intent to report concussion, more knowledge, and improved concussion-reporting attitudes when compared with those who received CDC-Vi and CDC-Wr.

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Published In

J Athl Train

DOI

EISSN

1938-162X

Publication Date

November 1, 2021

Volume

56

Issue

11

Start / End Page

1197 / 1208

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Sport Sciences
  • Schools
  • Male
  • Intention
  • Humans
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  • Football
  • Brain Concussion
  • Athletic Injuries
  • Athletes
 

Citation

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ICMJE
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Daneshvar, D. H., Yutsis, M., Baugh, C. M., Pea, R. D., Goldman, S., Grant, G. A., … Sorcar, P. (2021). Evaluating the Effect of Concussion-Education Programs on Intent to Report Concussion in High School Football. J Athl Train, 56(11), 1197–1208. https://doi.org/10.4085/509-20
Daneshvar, Daniel H., Maya Yutsis, Christine M. Baugh, Roy D. Pea, Shelley Goldman, Gerald A. Grant, Jamshid Ghajar, et al. “Evaluating the Effect of Concussion-Education Programs on Intent to Report Concussion in High School Football.J Athl Train 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1197–1208. https://doi.org/10.4085/509-20.
Daneshvar DH, Yutsis M, Baugh CM, Pea RD, Goldman S, Grant GA, et al. Evaluating the Effect of Concussion-Education Programs on Intent to Report Concussion in High School Football. J Athl Train. 2021 Nov 1;56(11):1197–208.
Daneshvar, Daniel H., et al. “Evaluating the Effect of Concussion-Education Programs on Intent to Report Concussion in High School Football.J Athl Train, vol. 56, no. 11, Nov. 2021, pp. 1197–208. Pubmed, doi:10.4085/509-20.
Daneshvar DH, Yutsis M, Baugh CM, Pea RD, Goldman S, Grant GA, Ghajar J, Sanders LM, Chen CL, Tenekedjieva L-T, Gurrapu S, Zafonte R, Sorcar P. Evaluating the Effect of Concussion-Education Programs on Intent to Report Concussion in High School Football. J Athl Train. 2021 Nov 1;56(11):1197–1208.

Published In

J Athl Train

DOI

EISSN

1938-162X

Publication Date

November 1, 2021

Volume

56

Issue

11

Start / End Page

1197 / 1208

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Sport Sciences
  • Schools
  • Male
  • Intention
  • Humans
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  • Football
  • Brain Concussion
  • Athletic Injuries
  • Athletes