Prevention and Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Venous thromboembolism, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common, preventable perioperative complication occurring in up to 5% on noncardiac surgical patients. Even when treated, DVT can lead to long-term consequences, including chronic edema, dermatitis, venous stasis ulcers, and post-thrombotic syndrome. Another complication of DVT, pulmonary embolism, carries 15% mortality and acute phase survivors may develop pulmonary hypertension. Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism is therefore exceedingly important. The risks and benefits of utilizing both mechanical and/or chemoprophylaxis must be weighed for each patient, with certain patient populations requiring special considering. This review covers the current guidelines for prescribing DVT prophylaxis and for treating known cases of both DVT and PE.
