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The effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut resistome during hematopoietic cell transplantation in children.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Heston, SM; Young, RR; Jenkins, K; Martin, PL; Stokhuyzen, A; Ward, DV; Bhattarai, SK; Bucci, V; Arshad, M; Chao, NJ; Seed, PC; Kelly, MS
Published in: Gut Microbes
2024

Antibiotic resistance is a global threat driven primarily by antibiotic use. We evaluated the effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut microbiomes and resistomes of children at high risk of colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of 691 serially collected fecal samples from 80 children (<18 years) undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. We evaluated the effects of aerobic (cefepime, vancomycin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and anaerobic (piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems, metronidazole, and clindamycin) antibiotic exposures on the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome and resistome. We identified 372 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs); the most frequent ARGs identified encode resistance to tetracyclines (n = 88), beta-lactams (n = 84), and fluoroquinolones (n = 79). Both aerobic and anaerobic antibiotic exposures were associated with a decrease in the number of bacterial species (aerobic, β = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.79; anaerobic, β = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.82) and the number of unique ARGs (aerobic, β = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.90; anaerobic, β = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.88) within the gut metagenome. However, only antibiotic regimens that included anaerobic activity were associated with an increase in acquisition of new ARGs (anaerobic, β = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.01) and an increase in the relative abundance of ARGs in the gut resistome (anaerobic, β = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.27). Specific antibiotic exposures were associated with distinct changes in the number and abundance of ARGs for individual antibiotic classes. Our findings detail the impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiome and resistome and demonstrate that anaerobic antibiotics are particularly likely to promote acquisition and expansion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Duke Scholars

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Published In

Gut Microbes

DOI

EISSN

1949-0984

Publication Date

2024

Volume

16

Issue

1

Start / End Page

2333748

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Humans
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Child
  • Bacteria
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • 3107 Microbiology
  • 0605 Microbiology
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Heston, S. M., Young, R. R., Jenkins, K., Martin, P. L., Stokhuyzen, A., Ward, D. V., … Kelly, M. S. (2024). The effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut resistome during hematopoietic cell transplantation in children. Gut Microbes, 16(1), 2333748. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2333748
Heston, Sarah M., Rebecca R. Young, Kirsten Jenkins, Paul L. Martin, Andre Stokhuyzen, Doyle V. Ward, Shakti K. Bhattarai, et al. “The effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut resistome during hematopoietic cell transplantation in children.Gut Microbes 16, no. 1 (2024): 2333748. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2333748.
Heston SM, Young RR, Jenkins K, Martin PL, Stokhuyzen A, Ward DV, et al. The effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut resistome during hematopoietic cell transplantation in children. Gut Microbes. 2024;16(1):2333748.
Heston, Sarah M., et al. “The effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut resistome during hematopoietic cell transplantation in children.Gut Microbes, vol. 16, no. 1, 2024, p. 2333748. Pubmed, doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2333748.
Heston SM, Young RR, Jenkins K, Martin PL, Stokhuyzen A, Ward DV, Bhattarai SK, Bucci V, Arshad M, Chao NJ, Seed PC, Kelly MS. The effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut resistome during hematopoietic cell transplantation in children. Gut Microbes. 2024;16(1):2333748.

Published In

Gut Microbes

DOI

EISSN

1949-0984

Publication Date

2024

Volume

16

Issue

1

Start / End Page

2333748

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Humans
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Child
  • Bacteria
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • 3107 Microbiology
  • 0605 Microbiology