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Apoptosis and pyroptosis in the nasal mucosa of Syrian hamster during SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Li, H; Zhao, X; Zhang, X; Zheng, H; Wang, Y; Hou, J; Li, J; Zhao, Y; Peng, S; Li, Y; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Yang, J; Zhang, Z; Shi, H; Liu, L
Published in: Apoptosis
August 2024

In SARS-CoV-2 infection, it has been observed that viral replication lasts longer in the nasal mucosa than in the lungs, despite the presence of a high viral load at both sites. In hamsters, we found that the nasal mucosa exhibited a mild inflammatory response and minimal pathological injuries, whereas the lungs displayed a significant inflammatory response and severe injuries. The underlying cellular events may be induced by viral infection in three types of cell death: apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Our findings indicate that apoptosis was consistently activated during infection in the nasal mucosa, and the levels of apoptosis were consistent with the viral load. On the other hand, pyroptosis and a few instances of necroptosis were observed only on 7 dpi in the nasal mucosa. In the lungs, however, both pyroptosis and apoptosis were prominently activated on 3 dpi, with lower levels of apoptosis compared to the nasal mucosa. Interestingly, in reinfection, obvious viral load and apoptosis in the nasal mucosa were detected on 3 dpi, while no other forms of cell death were detected. We noted that the inflammatory reactions and pathological injuries in the nasal mucosa were milder, indicating that apoptosis may play a role in promoting lower inflammatory reactions and milder pathological injuries and contribute to the generation of long-term viral replication in the nasal mucosa. Our study provides valuable insights into the differences in cellular mechanisms during SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlights the potential significance of apoptosis regulation in the respiratory mucosa for controlling viral replication.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Apoptosis

DOI

EISSN

1573-675X

Publication Date

August 2024

Volume

29

Issue

7-8

Start / End Page

1246 / 1259

Location

Netherlands

Related Subject Headings

  • Virus Replication
  • Viral Load
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Reinfection
  • Pyroptosis
  • Necroptosis
  • Nasal Mucosa
  • Mesocricetus
  • Male
  • Lung
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Li, H., Zhao, X., Zhang, X., Zheng, H., Wang, Y., Hou, J., … Liu, L. (2024). Apoptosis and pyroptosis in the nasal mucosa of Syrian hamster during SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection. Apoptosis, 29(7–8), 1246–1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-01940-x
Li, Heng, Xin Zhao, Xinglong Zhang, Huiwen Zheng, Yibin Wang, Jinghan Hou, Jing Li, et al. “Apoptosis and pyroptosis in the nasal mucosa of Syrian hamster during SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection.Apoptosis 29, no. 7–8 (August 2024): 1246–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-01940-x.
Li H, Zhao X, Zhang X, Zheng H, Wang Y, Hou J, et al. Apoptosis and pyroptosis in the nasal mucosa of Syrian hamster during SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection. Apoptosis. 2024 Aug;29(7–8):1246–59.
Li, Heng, et al. “Apoptosis and pyroptosis in the nasal mucosa of Syrian hamster during SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection.Apoptosis, vol. 29, no. 7–8, Aug. 2024, pp. 1246–59. Pubmed, doi:10.1007/s10495-024-01940-x.
Li H, Zhao X, Zhang X, Zheng H, Wang Y, Hou J, Li J, Zhao Y, Peng S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang Z, Shi H, Liu L. Apoptosis and pyroptosis in the nasal mucosa of Syrian hamster during SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection. Apoptosis. 2024 Aug;29(7–8):1246–1259.
Journal cover image

Published In

Apoptosis

DOI

EISSN

1573-675X

Publication Date

August 2024

Volume

29

Issue

7-8

Start / End Page

1246 / 1259

Location

Netherlands

Related Subject Headings

  • Virus Replication
  • Viral Load
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Reinfection
  • Pyroptosis
  • Necroptosis
  • Nasal Mucosa
  • Mesocricetus
  • Male
  • Lung