Prognostic effects of co-occurring

Background: In biliary tract cancer (BTC), TP53 is the most commonly altered gene and may co-occur with KRAS alteration. The presence of a co-alterations in of TP53 and KRAS is associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. In patients (pts) with advanced BTC, the prognostic implications of such co-alterations have not been fully investigated. Methods: This is a pooled analysis of SCRUM-Japan GOZILA and MONSTAR-SCREEN-1 and -2 studies. Genomic profiling was conducted with Guardant360 for plasma in GOZILA, FoundationOne CDx for tissue and FoundationOne Liquid CDx for plasma in MONSTAR-SCREEN-1, and CARIS MI Profile for tissue in MONSTAR-SCREEN-2. Pts with advanced BTC receiving systemic therapy were included in this study. Results: Among 636 pts with advanced BTC, 85 had TP53/KRAS co-alteration, 293 had TP53, 44 had KRAS, and 214 had neither KRAS nor TP53 alteration (WT/WT). Tumors with TP53 alteration had significantly higher level of tumor mutation burden (TMB) compared to the other groups (3.8 mut/Mb for TP53/KRAS, 5.0 mut/Mb for TP53, 2.8 mut/Mb for KRAS, and 2.5 mut/Mb for WT/WT, respectively, P<0.001). In addition, the frequency of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-High) in the TP53/KRAS group (11.0%) was significantly higher compared to the TP53 group (3.1%, P<0.05), and the WT/WT group (0.6%, P<0.001), respectively. The objective response rate of first-line therapy in the TP53/KRAS group (8.2%) was significantly lower than in the other groups (20.8% for TP53, 23.3% for KRAS, and 19.7% for WT/WT groups, P=0.035). There was no pts treated with durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin. Two pts with TP53/KRAS alteration and MSI-High received pembrolizumab monotherapy, and partial response was achieved with a progression-free survival of 9.4 and 22.0 months. The median overall survival (OS) for pts treated with first-line therapy of the TP53/KRAS, KRAS, TP53, and WT/WT groups were 13.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5-15.5), 14.3 (95%CI, 9.7-25.9), 18.8 (95%CI, 16.9-20.6), and 22.7 months (95%CI, 20.4-25.9), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified TP53/KRAS alteration (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14, 95%CI 1.43-3.22, P<0.001), number of detected variants (≥2) (HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.04-2.16, P=0.029), locally advanced (HR 1.72, 95%CI 1.05-2.83, P=0.033), and metastatic status (HR 1.78, 95%CI 1.39-2.28, P<0.001) as independent prognostic factors for shorter OS. Conclusions: Patients with advanced BTC with co-occurring TP53/KRAS alterations have worse prognosis. Interestingly, the presence of these co-alterations was associated with a higher likelihood of MSI-High phenotype.

Duke Scholars

Author John Strickler Medicine, Medical Oncology