Disparities in Utilization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Among Older Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A SEER-Medicare Analysis.
PURPOSE: In the United States, there are disparities in access to care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the basis of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors. This study investigates the association between race/ethnicity and the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy among older patients with advanced NSCLC (aNSCLC). METHODS: This retrospective study used data from the SEER-Medicare-linked database. The cohort included patients (age 66 years or older) diagnosed with aNSCLC (stage III/IV) between March 2015 and December 2017, and they were followed through December 2019. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic (NH)-White, NH-Black, Hispanic, and Other. ICI therapy utilization was determined by identifying any usage of ICI agents (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab, and cemiplimab-rwlc) from the Medicare database. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association between race/ethnicity and ICI therapy utilization (yes, no). Effect measure modification analyses were conducted by sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity. RESULTS: The final sample included 26,836 patients; 76.2% were NH-White, 10.1% NH-Black, 5.7% Hispanic, and 8.0% Other. The overall ICI therapy utilization proportion was 17.8%, varying across ethnicities: NH-Black 14.1%, Hispanic 16.3%, NH-White 18.4%, and Other 18.5%. In comparison with NH-White patients, NH-Black patients were 15% less likely to receive ICI therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.96]). Furthermore, the association between race/ethnicity and utilization of ICI therapy was modified by comorbidity status, sex, and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: NH-Black patients with aNSCLC were less likely to receive ICI therapy than their NH-White counterparts. Our findings indicate the racial/ethnic disparities in ICI therapy utilization and call for further interventions to optimize access to care.
