Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts.
Publication
, Journal Article
Walters, EE; Luczak, SE; Beam, CR; Ericsson, M; Kremen, WS; Krueger, RF; Markon, KE; McGue, M; Nygaard, M; Panizzon, MS; Plassman, BL; Gatz, M ...
Published in: Eur J Epidemiol
December 2025
We reply to the letter to the editor by Soohyeon Ko (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01305-x ) concerning our article by Walters et al. (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01286-x ). We reiterate that genetic explanations contribute to understanding why education is protective against dementia, alongside influences reflecting the whole of one's family and societal context. We also caution that genetic explanations should not be misinterpreted as deterministic.
Duke Scholars
Published In
Eur J Epidemiol
DOI
EISSN
1573-7284
Publication Date
December 2025
Volume
40
Issue
12
Start / End Page
1483 / 1484
Location
Netherlands
Related Subject Headings
- Humans
- Epidemiology
- Educational Status
- Dementia
- 4202 Epidemiology
- 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Citation
APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Walters, E. E., Luczak, S. E., Beam, C. R., Ericsson, M., Kremen, W. S., Krueger, R. F., … IGEMS Consortium. (2025). Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts. Eur J Epidemiol, 40(12), 1483–1484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01312-y
Walters, Ellen E., Susan E. Luczak, Christopher R. Beam, Malin Ericsson, William S. Kremen, Robert F. Krueger, Kristian E. Markon, et al. “Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts.” Eur J Epidemiol 40, no. 12 (December 2025): 1483–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01312-y.
Walters EE, Luczak SE, Beam CR, Ericsson M, Kremen WS, Krueger RF, et al. Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts. Eur J Epidemiol. 2025 Dec;40(12):1483–4.
Walters, Ellen E., et al. “Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts.” Eur J Epidemiol, vol. 40, no. 12, Dec. 2025, pp. 1483–84. Pubmed, doi:10.1007/s10654-025-01312-y.
Walters EE, Luczak SE, Beam CR, Ericsson M, Kremen WS, Krueger RF, Markon KE, McGue M, Nygaard M, Panizzon MS, Plassman BL, Reynolds CA, Sachdev PS, Thalamuthu A, Whitfield KE, Pedersen NL, Gatz M, IGEMS Consortium. Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts. Eur J Epidemiol. 2025 Dec;40(12):1483–1484.
Published In
Eur J Epidemiol
DOI
EISSN
1573-7284
Publication Date
December 2025
Volume
40
Issue
12
Start / End Page
1483 / 1484
Location
Netherlands
Related Subject Headings
- Humans
- Epidemiology
- Educational Status
- Dementia
- 4202 Epidemiology
- 1117 Public Health and Health Services