Immunological actions of the renin angiotensin system

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is classically recognized as a hormonal cascade governing blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and intravascular volume homeostasis. Activation of this system is initiated by renin release from juxtaglomerular cells and culminates in the generation of angiotensin II via angiotensin converting enzyme. This system maintains hemodynamic stability through vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and aldosterone release. However, recent discoveries have identified RAS functions beyond vascular and renal physiology to include a major immunomodulatory network capable of regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and adaptive immune responses. This review synthesizes emerging evidence defining the dual pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of RAS components acting on and within immune cell populations.

Duke Scholars

Author Steven Daniel Crowley Medicine, Nephrology