Skip to main content
Journal cover image

Over and over again: rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Jones, NP; Papadakis, AA; Hogan, CM; Strauman, TJ
Published in: Behaviour research and therapy
March 2009

Research indicates that examining failure experiences using an immersed processing style versus a non-immersed, self-distanced open style influences cognitions about the self, motivation, and subsequent depressive symptoms. However, the effect of processing goal failure experiences using these different processing styles have not been adequately incorporated into existing self-regulation theories of depression. In a cross-sectional study, we examined the interactive effects of rumination (versus reflection) and failure to attain promotion goals on depressive symptoms. As predicted, greater levels of promotion goal failure were associated with having more depressive symptoms for individuals who engage in moderate to high levels of rumination. In contrast, among individuals who engage in high levels of self-reflection, promotion goal failure was not associated with an appreciable increase in depressive symptoms. We discuss the implications of these results for self-regulatory theories of depression and treatments for depression.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Behaviour research and therapy

DOI

EISSN

1873-622X

ISSN

0005-7967

Publication Date

March 2009

Volume

47

Issue

3

Start / End Page

254 / 259

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Sex Factors
  • Self Concept
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
  • Negativism
  • Male
  • Internal-External Control
  • Humans
  • Goals
  • Female
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Jones, N. P., Papadakis, A. A., Hogan, C. M., & Strauman, T. J. (2009). Over and over again: rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(3), 254–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.007
Jones, Neil P., Alison A. Papadakis, Caitlin M. Hogan, and Timothy J. Strauman. “Over and over again: rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms.Behaviour Research and Therapy 47, no. 3 (March 2009): 254–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.007.
Jones NP, Papadakis AA, Hogan CM, Strauman TJ. Over and over again: rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms. Behaviour research and therapy. 2009 Mar;47(3):254–9.
Jones, Neil P., et al. “Over and over again: rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms.Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 47, no. 3, Mar. 2009, pp. 254–59. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.007.
Jones NP, Papadakis AA, Hogan CM, Strauman TJ. Over and over again: rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms. Behaviour research and therapy. 2009 Mar;47(3):254–259.
Journal cover image

Published In

Behaviour research and therapy

DOI

EISSN

1873-622X

ISSN

0005-7967

Publication Date

March 2009

Volume

47

Issue

3

Start / End Page

254 / 259

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Sex Factors
  • Self Concept
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
  • Negativism
  • Male
  • Internal-External Control
  • Humans
  • Goals
  • Female