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Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of a split-virion, inactivated, trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluzone®) administered by intradermal and intramuscular route in healthy adults.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Frenck, RW; Belshe, R; Brady, RC; Winokur, PL; Campbell, JD; Treanor, J; Hay, CM; Dekker, CL; Walter, EB; Cate, TR; Edwards, KM; Hill, H ...
Published in: Vaccine
August 5, 2011

The aim of the study was to determine whether reduced doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) administered by the intradermal (ID) route generated similar immune responses to standard TIV given intramuscularly (IM) with comparable safety profiles. Recent changes in immunization recommendations have increased the number of people for whom influenza vaccination is recommended. Thus, given this increased need and intermittent vaccine shortages, means to rapidly expand the vaccine supply are needed. Previously healthy subjects 18-64 years of age were randomly assigned to one of four TIV vaccine groups: standard 15 μg HA/strain TIV IM, either 9 μg or 6 μg HA/strain of TIV ID given using a new microinjection system (BD Soluvia™ Microinjection System), or 3 μg HA/strain of TIV ID given by Mantoux technique. All vaccines contained A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/Wyoming (H3N2) and B/Jiangsu strains of influenza. Sera were obtained 21 days after vaccination and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays were performed and geometric mean titers (GMT) were compared among the groups. Participants were queried immediately following vaccination regarding injection pain and quality of the experience. Local and systemic reactions were collected for 7 days following vaccination and compared. Ten study sites enrolled 1592 subjects stratified by age; 18-49 years [N=814] and 50-64 years [N=778]. Among all subjects, for each of the three vaccine strains, the GMTs at 21 days post-vaccination for both the 9 μg and the 6 μg doses of each strain given ID were non inferior to GMTs generated after standard 15 μg doses/strain IM. However, for the 3 μg ID dose, only the A/Wyoming antigen produced a GMT that was non-inferior to the standard IM dose. Additionally, in the subgroup of subjects 50-64 years of age, the 6μg dose given ID induced GMTs that were inferior to the standard IM TIV for the A/H1N1 and B strains. No ID dose produced a GMT superior to that seen after standard IM TIV. Local erythema and swelling were significantly more common in the ID groups but the reactions were mild to moderate and short-lived. No significant safety issues related to intradermal administration were identified. Participants given TIV ID provided favorable responses to questions about their experiences with ID administration. In conclusion, for the aggregated cohorts of adults 18-64 years of age, reduced doses (6 μg and 9 μg) of TIV delivered ID using a novel microinjection system stimulated comparable HAI antibody responses to standard TIV given IM. The reduced 3 μg dose administered ID by needle and syringe, as well as the 6 μg ID for subjects aged 50-64 years of age generated poorer immune responses as compared to the 15 μg IM dose.

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Published In

Vaccine

DOI

EISSN

1873-2518

Publication Date

August 5, 2011

Volume

29

Issue

34

Start / End Page

5666 / 5674

Location

Netherlands

Related Subject Headings

  • Virology
  • Vaccination
  • Pain Measurement
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Injections, Intramuscular
  • Injections, Intradermal
  • Influenza, Human
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
 

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Frenck, R. W., Belshe, R., Brady, R. C., Winokur, P. L., Campbell, J. D., Treanor, J., … Tornieporth, N. (2011). Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of a split-virion, inactivated, trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluzone®) administered by intradermal and intramuscular route in healthy adults. Vaccine, 29(34), 5666–5674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.010
Frenck, Robert W., Robert Belshe, Rebecca C. Brady, Patricia L. Winokur, James D. Campbell, John Treanor, Christine M. Hay, et al. “Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of a split-virion, inactivated, trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluzone®) administered by intradermal and intramuscular route in healthy adults.Vaccine 29, no. 34 (August 5, 2011): 5666–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.010.
Frenck, Robert W., et al. “Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of a split-virion, inactivated, trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluzone®) administered by intradermal and intramuscular route in healthy adults.Vaccine, vol. 29, no. 34, Aug. 2011, pp. 5666–74. Pubmed, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.010.
Frenck RW, Belshe R, Brady RC, Winokur PL, Campbell JD, Treanor J, Hay CM, Dekker CL, Walter EB, Cate TR, Edwards KM, Hill H, Wolff M, Leduc T, Tornieporth N. Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of a split-virion, inactivated, trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluzone®) administered by intradermal and intramuscular route in healthy adults. Vaccine. 2011 Aug 5;29(34):5666–5674.
Journal cover image

Published In

Vaccine

DOI

EISSN

1873-2518

Publication Date

August 5, 2011

Volume

29

Issue

34

Start / End Page

5666 / 5674

Location

Netherlands

Related Subject Headings

  • Virology
  • Vaccination
  • Pain Measurement
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Injections, Intramuscular
  • Injections, Intradermal
  • Influenza, Human
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype