Behavioral and psychological aspects of motivation to exercise

Obesity is a major public health problem because of its prevalence, its serious medical and psychosocial effects, and its striking resistance to treatment. Popular thought is that overeating is the prime contributor to positive energy balance (hence a 'diet' for weight loss), and that physical activity is fruitless because little energy is expended and because increased appetite offsets the energy cost of the exercise. In reality, a relative lack of physical activity may play a major role in the genesis and maintenance of obesity, and increased activity is important for weight reduction. Some principles from behavioral psychology which are useful in facilitating exercise in obese persons are briefly discussed. The degree to which a person lives in a supportive social environment has been implicated as a major factor in whether that person develops and recovers from serious illness. A number of studies have shown that social support can be influential in facilitating adherence to weight loss programs. The same potential exists for adherence to exercise programs. Many obese patients prefer activities that can include others. Examples are walking with a friend, playing tennis, joining an exercise group, and doing some regular activity with family members. This can be a powerful incentive for adhering to a program over the long-term. Whether patients maintain new exercise habits may depend as much on social variables as on the nature of the exercise itself.

Duke Scholars

Author Kelly D. Brownell Sanford School of Public Policy