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Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Mitchell, JT; McIntyre, EM; McClernon, FJ; Kollins, SH
Published in: Nicotine Tob Res
January 2014

INTRODUCTION: Smokers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ from smokers without ADHD across a range of smoking outcomes (e.g., higher prevalence rates of smoking, faster progression to regular smoking, and greater difficulty quitting). Moreover, ADHD as a disorder has been characterized by deficits in fundamental motivational processes. To date, few studies have examined how motivation for smoking might differ between nicotine-dependent individuals with and without ADHD. The goal of this study was to assess whether specific smoking motivation factors differentiate smokers with and without ADHD as measured by an empirically derived self-report measure of smoking motivations. METHODS: Smokers with (n = 61) and without (n = 89) ADHD participated in a range of laboratory and clinical studies that included the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). RESULTS: A series of one-way analysis of covariances statistically controlling for age and race indicated that smokers with ADHD scored higher on the following WISDM subscales than their non-ADHD peers: automaticity, loss of control, cognitive enhancement, cue exposure, and negative reinforcement. Smokers in the non-ADHD group yielded higher scores on the social- environmental goads WISDM subscale. No group by gender interactions emerged. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smokers with ADHD report different motives for smoking than smokers without ADHD. Clarifying the role of these motivational factors has implications for smoking prevention and treatment.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Nicotine Tob Res

DOI

EISSN

1469-994X

Publication Date

January 2014

Volume

16

Issue

1

Start / End Page

120 / 125

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Wisconsin
  • Smoking
  • Public Health
  • Motivation
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
  • Adult
 

Citation

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ICMJE
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Mitchell, J. T., McIntyre, E. M., McClernon, F. J., & Kollins, S. H. (2014). Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives. Nicotine Tob Res, 16(1), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt144
Mitchell, John T., Elizabeth M. McIntyre, F Joseph McClernon, and Scott H. Kollins. “Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives.Nicotine Tob Res 16, no. 1 (January 2014): 120–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt144.
Mitchell JT, McIntyre EM, McClernon FJ, Kollins SH. Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014 Jan;16(1):120–5.
Mitchell, John T., et al. “Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives.Nicotine Tob Res, vol. 16, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 120–25. Pubmed, doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt144.
Mitchell JT, McIntyre EM, McClernon FJ, Kollins SH. Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014 Jan;16(1):120–125.
Journal cover image

Published In

Nicotine Tob Res

DOI

EISSN

1469-994X

Publication Date

January 2014

Volume

16

Issue

1

Start / End Page

120 / 125

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Wisconsin
  • Smoking
  • Public Health
  • Motivation
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
  • Adult