Scholars@Duke
Anne Pusey

Anne Pusey

James B. Duke Distinguished Professor Emerita of Evolutionary Anthropology
Evolutionary Anthropology
anne.pusey@duke.edu
Duke Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708-0383
101 Biological Sciences Bldg, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

Tropical field stations yield high conservation return on investment

Journal Article Conservation Letters · March 1, 2024 Conservation funding is currently limited; cost-effective conservation solutions are essential. We suggest that the thousands of field stations worldwide can play key roles at the frontline of biodiversity conservation and have high intrinsic value. We ass ... Full text Cite

Reproductive inequality among males in the genus <i>Pan</i>.

Journal Article Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · August 2023 Reproductive inequality, or reproductive skew, drives natural selection, but has been difficult to assess, particularly for males in species with promiscuous mating and slow life histories, such as bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan trog ... Full text Cite

Barriers to chimpanzee gene flow at the south-east edge of their distribution.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · July 2023 Populations on the edge of a species' distribution may represent an important source of adaptive diversity, yet these populations tend to be more fragmented and are more likely to be geographically isolated. Lack of genetic exchanges between such populatio ... Full text Cite

Reproductive inequality in humans and other mammals.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 2023 To address claims of human exceptionalism, we determine where humans fit within the greater mammalian distribution of reproductive inequality. We show that humans exhibit lower reproductive skew (i.e., inequality in the number of surviving offspring) among ... Full text Cite

Personality traits, rank attainment, and siring success throughout the lives of male chimpanzees of Gombe National Park.

Journal Article PeerJ · January 2023 Personality traits in many taxa correlate with fitness. Several models have been developed to try to explain how variation in these traits is maintained. One model proposes that variation persists because it is linked to trade-offs between current and futu ... Full text Cite

Predictors and consequences of gestation length in wild chimpanzees

Journal Article American Journal of Biological Anthropology · November 2022 AbstractObjectivesEnergetics are widely recognized to influence timing of birth in humans and other eutherian mammals, yet considerable variation exists in the relationship between energet ... Full text Cite

The ecology and epidemiology of malaria parasitism in wild chimpanzee reservoirs.

Journal Article Communications biology · September 2022 Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) harbor rich assemblages of malaria parasites, including three species closely related to P. falciparum (sub-genus Laverania), the most malignant human malaria parasite. Here, we characterize the ecology and epidemiology of mal ... Full text Cite

Female chimpanzee associations with male kin: trade-offs between inbreeding avoidance and infanticide protection

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · August 1, 2022 A large body of literature demonstrates the adaptive benefits of social relationships between kin, including fitness and survival. Given that most social mammals are characterized by male-biased dispersal, the majority of research on kin selection and asso ... Full text Cite

Warlike chimpanzees and peacemaking bonobos.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · August 2022 Full text Cite

The Gombe Ecosystem Health Project: 16 years of program evolution and lessons learned.

Journal Article American journal of primatology · May 2022 Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to the conservation of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and all threatened nonhuman primates. Characterizing and mitigating these threats to support the sustainability and welfare of wild populations is o ... Full text Cite

Correlates of individual participation in boundary patrols by male chimpanzees.

Journal Article Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · May 2022 Group territory defence poses a collective action problem: individuals can free-ride, benefiting without paying the costs. Individual heterogeneity has been proposed to solve such problems, as individuals high in reproductive success, rank, fighting abilit ... Full text Cite

Female reproductive aging in seven primate species: Patterns and consequences.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 2022 Age-related changes in fertility have increasingly been documented in wild animal populations: In many species the youngest and oldest reproducers are disadvantaged relative to prime adults. How do these effects evolve, and what explains their diversity ac ... Full text Cite

Culture-enriched community profiling improves resolution of the vertebrate gut microbiota.

Journal Article Molecular ecology resources · January 2022 Vertebrates harbour gut microbial communities containing hundreds of bacterial species, most of which have never been cultivated or isolated in the laboratory. The lack of cultured representatives from vertebrate gut microbiotas limits the description and ... Full text Cite

Evaluating adaptive hypotheses for female-led infanticide in wild chimpanzees

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · October 1, 2021 Although rare among group-living primates, infanticide by females has been reported in several chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes, populations. We examined 13 infanticidal attacks over 47 years at Gombe National Park, Tanzania to evaluate three adaptive hypothese ... Full text Cite

Social bonds provide multiple pathways to reproductive success in wild male chimpanzees.

Journal Article iScience · August 2021 In most male mammals, fitness is strongly shaped by competitive access to mates, a non-shareable resource. How, then, did selection favor the evolution of cooperative social bonds? We used behavioral and genetic data on wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ... Full text Cite

The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis.

Journal Article Nature communications · June 2021 Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection of 39 human and nonh ... Full text Cite

Gregariousness is associated with parasite species richness in a community of wild chimpanzees.

Journal Article Behavioral ecology and sociobiology · May 2021 Increased risk of pathogen transmission through proximity and contact is a well-documented cost of sociality. Affiliative social contact, however, is an integral part of primate group life and can benefit health. Despite its importance to the evolution and ... Full text Cite

Female monopolizability promotes within-community killing in chimpanzees

Journal Article · February 12, 2021 AbstractMale chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) defend group territories and sometimes kill members of rival communities — a pattern often compared to human warfare1-3. Male chimpanzees also sometimes kill grown males f ... Full text Cite

Urine as a high-quality source of host genomic DNA from wild populations.

Journal Article Molecular ecology resources · January 2021 Featured Publication The ability to generate genomic data from wild animal populations has the potential to give unprecedented insight into the population history and dynamics of species in their natural habitats. However, for many species, it is impossible legally, ethically ... Full text Cite

Maternal death and offspring fitness in multiple wild primates.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · January 2021 Primate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond the age of weaning, and offspring that experience maternal death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in fitness across the life span. Here, we leverage data from eight wild primate pop ... Full text Cite

Research and Conservation in the Greater Gombe Ecosystem: Challenges and Opportunities.

Journal Article Biological conservation. · December 2020 The study of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, started by Jane Goodall in 1960, provided pioneering accounts of chimpanzee behavior and ecology. With funding from multiple sources, including the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) and grants from priv ... Full text Cite

Data from: Beyond orphaned infants: novel effects of maternal death in wild primates

Dataset · October 26, 2020 Primate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond the age of weaning, and offspring that experience maternal death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in fitness across the lifespan. Here we leverage data from eight wild primate popul ... Full text Cite

Data from: Beyond orphaned infants: novel effects of maternal death in wild primates

Dataset · October 26, 2020 Primate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond the age of weaning, and offspring that experience maternal death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in fitness across the lifespan. Here we leverage data from eight wild primate popul ... Full text Cite

Sexual dimorphism in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) and human age-specific fertility.

Journal Article Journal of human evolution · July 2020 Across vertebrates, species with intense male mating competition and high levels of sexual dimorphism in body size generally exhibit dimorphism in age-specific fertility. Compared with females, males show later ages at first reproduction and earlier reprod ... Full text Cite

Why chimpanzees carry dead infants: an empirical assessment of existing hypotheses.

Journal Article Royal Society open science · July 2020 The study of non-human primate thanatology has expanded dramatically in recent years as scientists seek to understand the evolutionary roots of human death concepts and practices. However, observations of how conspecifics respond to dead individuals are ra ... Full text Cite

Why chimpanzees carry dead infants: an empirical assessment of existing hypotheses

Journal Article Royal Society Open Science · July 1, 2020 Featured Publication The study of non-human primate thanatology has expanded dramatically in recent years as scientists seek to understand the evolutionary roots of human death concepts and practices. However, observations of how conspecifics respond to dead individuals are ra ... Full text Cite

Sources of variation in weaned age among wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania.

Journal Article American journal of physical anthropology · March 2020 ObjectivesA key feature of human life history evolution is that modern humans wean their infants 2-4 years earlier on average than African apes. However, our understanding of weaning variation in apes remains limited. Here we provide the first suc ... Full text Cite

Consequences of maternal loss before and after weaning in male and female wild chimpanzees

Journal Article Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · February 1, 2020 Abstract: The mother-offspring relationship is paramount in most mammals and infant survival often depends on maternal investment. In species with prolonged periods of development or co-residence, mothers may continue to influence their offspring’s outcome ... Full text Cite

Inbreeding risk and maternal support have opposite effects on female chimpanzee dispersal.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · January 2020 Sex-biased dispersal is usually driven by a combination of inbreeding avoidance and intrasexual competition. Walker and Pusey show that dispersal decisions in chimpanzees are most influenced by inbreeding avoidance and kin cooperation, instead of competiti ... Full text Cite

Oral microbiome diversity in chimpanzees from Gombe National Park

Conference Scientific Reports · December 1, 2019 Historic calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) can provide a unique perspective into the health status of past human populations but currently no studies have focused on the oral microbial ecosystem of other primates, including our closest relatives, w ... Full text Cite

Oral microbiome diversity in chimpanzees from Gombe National Park.

Journal Article Scientific reports · November 2019 Historic calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) can provide a unique perspective into the health status of past human populations but currently no studies have focused on the oral microbial ecosystem of other primates, including our closest relatives, w ... Full text Cite

Syndromic Surveillance of Respiratory Disease in Free-Living Chimpanzees.

Journal Article EcoHealth · June 2019 Disease surveillance in wildlife is rapidly expanding in scope and methodology, emphasizing the need for formal evaluations of system performance. We examined a syndromic surveillance system for respiratory disease detection in Gombe National Park, Tanzani ... Full text Cite

Males with a mother living in their group have higher paternity success in bonobos but not chimpanzees.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · May 2019 In many group-living mammals, mothers may increase the reproductive success of their daughters even after they are nutritionally independent and fully grown [1]. However, whether such maternal effects exist for adult sons is largely unknown. Here we show t ... Full text Cite

Optimizing syndromic health surveillance in free ranging great apes: the case of Gombe National Park.

Journal Article The Journal of applied ecology · March 2019 1. Syndromic surveillance is an incipient approach to early wildlife disease detection. Consequently, systematic assessments are needed for methodology validation in wildlife populations. 2. We evaluated the sensitivity of a syndromic surveillance protocol ... Full text Cite

CD4 receptor diversity in chimpanzees protects against SIV infection.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · February 2019 Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV/SIVs) use CD4 as the primary receptor to enter target cells. Here, we show that the chimpanzee CD4 is highly polymorphic, with nine coding variants present in wild populations, and that this diversity interfer ... Full text Cite

CHALLENGES DURING THE POST-WEANING PERIOD FOR WILD CHIMPANZEES.

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY · December 1, 2018 Link to item Cite

CHIIMP: An automated high-throughput microsatellite genotyping platform reveals greater allelic diversity in wild chimpanzees.

Journal Article Ecology and evolution · August 2018 Short tandem repeats (STRs), also known as microsatellites, are commonly used to noninvasively genotype wild-living endangered species, including African apes. Until recently, capillary electrophoresis has been the method of choice to determine the length ... Full text Cite

The timing and causes of a unique chimpanzee community fission preceding Gombe's "Four-Year War".

Journal Article American journal of physical anthropology · July 2018 ObjectivesWhile permanent group fissions are documented in humans and other primate species, they are relatively rare in male philopatric primates. One of the few apparent cases occurred in 1973 in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, when a community o ... Full text Cite

Annual cycles are the most common reproductive strategy in African tropical tree communities

Journal Article Biotropica · May 1, 2018 We present the first cross-continental comparison of the flowering and fruiting phenology of tropical forests across Africa. Flowering events of 5446 trees from 196 species across 12 sites and fruiting events of 4595 trees from 191 species across 11 sites ... Full text Cite

Socioecological correlates of clinical signs in two communities of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania.

Journal Article American journal of primatology · January 2018 Disease and other health hazards pose serious threats to the persistence of wild ape populations. The total chimpanzee population at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, has declined from an estimated 120 to 150 individuals in the 1960's to around 100 individual ... Full text Cite

Destabilization of the gut microbiome marks the end-stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild chimpanzees.

Journal Article American journal of primatology · January 2018 Enteric dysbiosis is a characteristic feature of progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection but has not been observed in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac)-infected macaques, including in animals with end-stage disease. This has ... Full text Cite

Maturation is prolonged and variable in female chimpanzees.

Journal Article Journal of human evolution · January 2018 Chimpanzees are important referential models for the study of life history in hominin evolution. Age at sexual maturity and first reproduction are key life history milestones that mark the diversion of energy from growth to reproduction and are essential i ... Full text Cite

Morphological Identification of Hair Recovered from Feces for Detection of Cannibalism in Eastern Chimpanzees.

Journal Article Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology · January 2018 Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are primarily frugivorous but consume a variable amount of meat from a variety of organisms, including other chimpanzees. Cannibalism is rare, usually follows lethal aggression, and does not occur following natural deaths. Whi ... Full text Cite

The relationship between social play and developmental milestones in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).

Journal Article American journal of primatology · December 2017 Social play is common among many group-living animals, but the benefits are not well understood. Proposed benefits include increased muscle coordination as the result of increased locomotor versatility and development, and strengthened social bonds through ... Full text Cite

Does climate variability influence the demography of wild primates? Evidence from long-term life-history data in seven species.

Journal Article Global change biology · November 2017 Earth's rapidly changing climate creates a growing need to understand how demographic processes in natural populations are affected by climate variability, particularly among organisms threatened by extinction. Long-term, large-scale, and cross-taxon studi ... Full text Cite

Do juveniles help or hinder? Influence of juvenile offspring on maternal behavior and reproductive outcomes in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Journal Article Journal of human evolution · October 2017 Compared to great apes, humans maintain a relatively rapid reproductive pace despite long periods of dependency. This seemingly contradictory set of traits is made possible by weaning offspring before nutritional independence and alloparents who help provi ... Full text Cite

Personality in the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park.

Journal Article Scientific data · October 2017 Researchers increasingly view animal personality traits as products of natural selection. We present data that describe the personalities of 128 eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) currently living in or who lived their lives in the Kaseke ... Full text Cite

Predation by female chimpanzees: Toward an understanding of sex differences in meat acquisition in the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo.

Journal Article Journal of human evolution · September 2017 Among modern foraging societies, men hunt more than women, who mostly target relatively low-quality, reliable resources (i.e., plants). This difference has long been assumed to reflect human female reproductive constraints, particularly caring for and prov ... Full text Cite

Chimpanzees breed with genetically dissimilar mates.

Journal Article Royal Society open science · January 2017 Inbreeding adversely affects fitness, whereas heterozygosity often augments it. Therefore, mechanisms to avoid inbreeding and increase genetic distance between mates should be advantageous in species where adult relatives reside together. Here we investiga ... Full text Cite

Chimpanzee fathers bias their behaviour towards their offspring.

Journal Article Royal Society open science · November 2016 Promiscuous mating was traditionally thought to curtail paternal investment owing to the potential costs of providing care to unrelated infants. However, mounting evidence suggests that males in some promiscuous species can recognize offspring. In primates ... Full text Cite

Incomplete control and concessions explain mating skew in male chimpanzees.

Journal Article Proceedings. Biological sciences · November 2016 Sexual selection theory predicts that because male reproductive success in mammals is limited by access to females, males will attempt to defend access to mates and exclude rivals from mating. In mammals, dominance rank is correlated with male reproductive ... Full text Cite

The emergence of longevous populations.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2016 The human lifespan has traversed a long evolutionary and historical path, from short-lived primate ancestors to contemporary Japan, Sweden, and other longevity frontrunners. Analyzing this trajectory is crucial for understanding biological and sociocultura ... Full text Open Access Cite

Chimpanzee females queue but males compete for social status

Journal Article Scientific Reports · October 14, 2016 Open Access Link to item Cite

Transparency, usability, and reproducibility: Guiding principles for improving comparative databases using primates as examples.

Journal Article Evolutionary anthropology · September 2016 Recent decades have seen rapid development of new analytical methods to investigate patterns of interspecific variation. Yet these cutting-edge statistical analyses often rely on data of questionable origin, varying accuracy, and weak comparability, which ... Full text Cite

Cospeciation of gut microbiota with hominids.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · July 2016 The evolutionary origins of the bacterial lineages that populate the human gut are unknown. Here we show that multiple lineages of the predominant bacterial taxa in the gut arose via cospeciation with humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas over the pas ... Full text Cite

Feeding habitat quality and behavioral trade-offs in chimpanzees: a case for species distribution models.

Journal Article Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology · July 2016 The distribution and abundance of food resources are among the most important factors that influence animal behavioral strategies. Yet, spatial variation in feeding habitat quality is often difficult to assess with traditional methods that rely on extrapol ... Full text Cite

The Time Scale of Recombination Rate Evolution in Great Apes.

Journal Article Molecular biology and evolution · April 2016 We present three linkage-disequilibrium (LD)-based recombination maps generated using whole-genome sequence data from 10 Nigerian chimpanzees, 13 bonobos, and 15 western gorillas, collected as part of the Great Ape Genome Project (Prado-Martinez J, et al. ... Full text Cite

Female and male life tables for seven wild primate species.

Journal Article Scientific data · March 2016 We provide male and female census count data, age-specific survivorship, and female age-specific fertility estimates for populations of seven wild primates that have been continuously monitored for at least 29 years: sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) in Madag ... Full text Cite

Social behavior shapes the chimpanzee pan-microbiome

Journal Article Science Advances · January 15, 2016 Animal sociality facilitates the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms among hosts, but the extent to which sociality enables animals’ beneficial microbial associations is poorly understood. The question is critical because microbial communities, parti ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Leadership in Mammalian Societies: Emergence, Distribution, Power, and Payoff.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · January 2016 Leadership is an active area of research in both the biological and social sciences. This review provides a transdisciplinary synthesis of biological and social-science views of leadership from an evolutionary perspective, and examines patterns of leadersh ... Full text Cite

Reproductive state and rank influence patterns of meat consumption in wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).

Journal Article Journal of human evolution · January 2016 An increase in faunivory is a consistent component of human evolutionary models. Animal matter is energy- and nutrient-dense and can provide macronutrients, minerals, and vitamins that are limited or absent in plant foods. For female humans and other omniv ... Full text Cite

'Impact hunters' catalyse cooperative hunting in two wild chimpanzee communities.

Journal Article Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · December 2015 Even when hunting in groups is mutually beneficial, it is unclear how communal hunts are initiated. If it is costly to be the only hunter, individuals should be reluctant to hunt unless others already are. We used 70 years of data from three communities to ... Full text Cite

Social bonds in the dispersing sex: partner preferences among adult female chimpanzees.

Journal Article Animal behaviour · July 2015 In most primate societies, strong and enduring social bonds form preferentially among kin, who benefit from cooperation through direct and indirect fitness gains. Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, differ from most species by showing consistent female-bi ... Full text Cite

Signature Patterns of MHC Diversity in Three Gombe Communities of Wild Chimpanzees Reflect Fitness in Reproduction and Immune Defense against SIVcpz.

Journal Article PLoS biology · May 2015 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules determine immune responses to viral infections. These polymorphic cell-surface glycoproteins bind peptide antigens, forming ligands for cytotoxic T and natural killer cell receptors. Under pressure f ... Full text Cite

Extreme selective sweeps independently targeted the X chromosomes of the great apes.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 2015 The unique inheritance pattern of the X chromosome exposes it to natural selection in a way that is different from that of the autosomes, potentially resulting in accelerated evolution. We perform a comparative analysis of X chromosome polymorphism in 10 g ... Full text Cite

Rank and reproductive state as predictors of female faunivory in Kasekela chimpanzees

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · March 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Maternal rank influences the outcome of aggressive interactions between immature chimpanzees.

Journal Article Animal behaviour · February 2015 For many long-lived mammalian species, extended maternal investment has a profound effect on offspring integration in complex social environments. One component of this investment may be aiding young in aggressive interactions, which can set the stage for ... Full text Open Access Cite

An archive of longitudinal recordings of the vocalizations of adult Gombe chimpanzees.

Journal Article Scientific data · January 2015 Studies of chimpanzee vocal communication provide valuable insights into the evolution of communication in complex societies, and also comparative data for understanding the evolution of human language. One particularly valuable dataset of recordings from ... Full text Cite

The Flo family

Chapter · 2015 Cite

Early social exposure in wild chimpanzees: mothers with sons are more gregarious than mothers with daughters.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · December 2014 In many mammals, early social experience is critical to developing species-appropriate adult behaviors. Although mother-infant interactions play an undeniably significant role in social development, other individuals in the social milieu may also influence ... Full text Open Access Cite

Rapid changes in the gut microbiome during human evolution.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2014 Humans are ecosystems containing trillions of microorganisms, but the evolutionary history of this microbiome is obscured by a lack of knowledge about microbiomes of African apes. We sequenced the gut communities of hundreds of chimpanzees, bonobos, and go ... Full text Cite

Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts.

Journal Article Nature · September 2014 Observations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) provide valuable comparative data for understanding the significance of conspecific killing. Two kinds of hypothesis have been proposed. Lethal violence is sometimes concluded to be t ... Full text Cite

EVALUATING THE ENTERIC MICROBIOME OF SIVCPZ INFECTED WILD-LIVING CHIMPANZEES

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY · September 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

SCIENCE-BASED HEALTH MANAGEMENT PLANNING FOR GREAT APES

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY · September 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

Maternal Behavior by Birth Order in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Increased Investment by First-Time Mothers.

Journal Article Current anthropology · August 2014 Parental investment theory predicts that maternal resources are finite and allocated among offspring based on factors including maternal age and condition, and offspring sex and parity. Among humans, firstborn children are often considered to have an advan ... Full text Cite

Whom to trust? Social bonds and allegiance fickleness among the Gombe chimpanzees

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · March 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.

Journal Article Nature communications · January 2014 Plasmodium vivax is the leading cause of human malaria in Asia and Latin America but is absent from most of central Africa due to the near fixation of a mutation that inhibits the expression of its receptor, the Duffy antigen, on human erythrocytes. The em ... Full text Cite

Longitudinal recordings of the vocalizations of immature Gombe chimpanzees for developmental studies.

Journal Article Scientific data · January 2014 Many researchers are interested in chimpanzee vocal communication, both as an important aspect of chimpanzee social behavior and as a source of insights into the evolution of human language. Nonetheless, very little is known about how chimpanzee vocal comm ... Full text Cite

Competing for space: female chimpanzees are more aggressive inside than outside their core areas

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · November 22, 2013 Female space use can have important fitness consequences, which are likely due to differential access to food resources. Many studies have explored spatial competition in solitary species, but little is known about how individuals in social species compete ... Full text Cite

SIV-induced instability of the chimpanzee gut microbiome.

Journal Article Cell host & microbe · September 2013 Simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) is the ancestor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. Like HIV-1-infected humans, SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees can de ... Full text Cite

Reproductive aging patterns in primates reveal that humans are distinct.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · August 2013 Women rarely give birth after ∼45 y of age, and they experience the cessation of reproductive cycles, menopause, at ∼50 y of age after a fertility decline lasting almost two decades. Such reproductive senescence in mid-lifespan is an evolutionary puzzle of ... Full text Cite

Great ape genetic diversity and population history.

Journal Article Nature · July 2013 Most great ape genetic variation remains uncharacterized; however, its study is critical for understanding population history, recombination, selection and susceptibility to disease. Here we sequence to high coverage a total of 79 wild- and captive-born in ... Full text Cite

Ecology rather than psychology explains co-occurrence of predation and border patrols in male chimpanzees.

Journal Article Animal behaviour · July 2013 The intense arousal and excitement shown by adult male chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, during territorial attacks on other chimpanzees and predation upon monkeys suggest that similar psychological mechanisms may be involved. Specifically, it has been ... Full text Cite

FITNESS BENEFITS OF COALITIONARY AGGRESSION IN MALE CHIMPANZEES.

Journal Article Behavioral ecology and sociobiology · March 2013 Coalitionary aggression occurs when at least two individuals jointly direct aggression at one or more conspecific targets. Scientists have long argued that this common form of cooperation has positive fitness consequences. Nevertheless, despite evidence th ... Full text Cite

Female competition in chimpanzees.

Journal Article Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · January 2013 Female chimpanzees exhibit exceptionally slow rates of reproduction and raise their offspring without direct paternal care. Therefore, their reproductive success depends critically on long-term access to high-quality food resources over a long lifespan. Ch ... Full text Cite

Females select mates that are less related than expected among the Gombe chimpanzees.

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · January 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

Seasonal mortality patterns in non-human primates: implications for variation in selection pressures across environments.

Journal Article Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · October 2012 Examining seasonal mortality patterns can yield insights into the drivers of mortality and thus potential selection pressures acting on individuals in different environments. We compiled adult and juvenile mortality data from nine wild non-human primate ta ... Full text Cite

Factors associated with the diversification of the gut microbial communities within chimpanzees from Gombe National Park.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · August 2012 The gastrointestinal tract harbors large and diverse populations of bacteria that vary among individuals and within individuals over time. Numerous internal and external factors can influence the contents of these microbial communities, including diet, geo ... Full text Cite

Chimpanzees and humans harbour compositionally similar gut enterotypes.

Journal Article Nature communications · January 2012 Microbes inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract tend to adopt one of three characteristic community structures, called 'enterotypes', each of which is overrepresented by a distinct set of bacterial genera. Here we report that the gut microbiotae of ch ... Full text Cite

A retrospective analysis of factors correlated to chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) respiratory health at Gombe National Park, Tanzania.

Journal Article EcoHealth · March 2011 Infectious disease and other health hazards have been hypothesized to pose serious threats to the persistence of wild ape populations. Respiratory disease outbreaks have been shown to be of particular concern for several wild chimpanzee study sites, leadin ... Full text Cite

Aging in the natural world: comparative data reveal similar mortality patterns across primates.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · March 2011 Human senescence patterns-late onset of mortality increase, slow mortality acceleration, and exceptional longevity-are often described as unique in the animal world. Using an individual-based data set from longitudinal studies of wild populations of seven ... Full text Cite

Genetic and 'cultural' similarity in wild chimpanzees.

Journal Article Proceedings. Biological sciences · February 2011 The question of whether animals possess 'cultures' or 'traditions' continues to generate widespread theoretical and empirical interest. Studies of wild chimpanzees have featured prominently in this discussion, as the dominant approach used to identify cult ... Full text Cite

Low demographic variability in wild primate populations: fitness impacts of variation, covariation, and serial correlation in vital rates.

Journal Article The American naturalist · January 2011 In a stochastic environment, long-term fitness can be influenced by variation, covariation, and serial correlation in vital rates (survival and fertility). Yet no study of an animal population has parsed the contributions of these three aspects of variabil ... Full text Open Access Cite

Demographic and ecological effects on patterns of parasitism in eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Gombe National Park, Tanzania.

Journal Article American journal of physical anthropology · December 2010 From January 2006 to January 2008, we collected 1,045 fecal samples from 90 individually-recognized, free-ranging, eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabiting Gombe National Park, Tanzania to determine how patterns of parasitism are aff ... Full text Cite

Phenotypic quality influences fertility in Gombe chimpanzees.

Journal Article The Journal of animal ecology · November 2010 1. Fertility is an important fitness component, but is difficult to measure in slowly reproducing, long-lived animals such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). 2. We measured fertility and the effect of measured covariates on fertility in a 43-year sample of ... Full text Cite

The Primate Life History Database: A unique shared ecological data resource.

Journal Article Methods in ecology and evolution · June 2010 The importance of data archiving, data sharing, and public access to data has received considerable attention. Awareness is growing among scientists that collaborative databases can facilitate these activities.We provide a detailed description of the colla ... Full text Cite

Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Chimpanzee Population Dynamics.

Journal Article PLoS Pathogens · 2010 Like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) can cause CD4+ T cell loss and premature death. Here, we used molecular surveillance tools and mathematical modeling to estimate the impact of SIVcpz in ... Open Access Cite

Novel circular DNA viruses in stool samples of wild-living chimpanzees.

Journal Article The Journal of general virology · January 2010 Viral particles in stool samples from wild-living chimpanzees were analysed using random PCR amplification and sequencing. Sequences encoding proteins distantly related to the replicase protein of single-stranded circular DNA viruses were identified. Inver ... Full text Cite

Reproductive energetics in free-living female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)

Journal Article Behavioral Ecology · November 30, 2009 Mammalian females generally carry the bulk of reproductive costs. They gestate for relatively long periods of time and provide the majority of parental care for dependent offspring. For this reason, many studies have examined how females deal with the ener ... Full text Cite

Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz.

Journal Article Nature · July 2009 African primates are naturally infected with over 40 different simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), two of which have crossed the species barrier and generated human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Unlike the human viruses, howev ... Full text Cite

Alpha male chimpanzee grooming patterns: implications for dominance "style".

Journal Article American journal of primatology · February 2009 In social primates, individuals use various tactics to compete for dominance rank. Grooming, displays and contact aggression are common components of a male chimpanzee's dominance repertoire. The optimal combination of these behaviors is likely to differ a ... Full text Cite

Male dominance rank and reproductive success in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii.

Journal Article Animal behaviour · January 2009 Competition for fertile females determines male reproductive success in many species. The priority of access model predicts that male dominance rank determines access to females, but this model has been difficult to test in wild populations, particularly i ... Full text Cite

Hyperprogesteronemia in response to Vitex fischeri consumption in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).

Journal Article American journal of primatology · November 2008 Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park consume fruits of Vitex fischeri during a short annual fruiting season. This fruit species is a member of a genus widely studied for phytoestrogen composition and varied physiological effects. One particularly well-studie ... Full text Cite

Severe aggression among female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii at Gombe National Park, Tanzania

Journal Article International Journal of Primatology · August 1, 2008 Aggression is generally more severe between males than between females because males gain greater payoffs from escalated aggression. Males that successfully defeat rivals may greatly increase their access to fertile females. Because female reproductive suc ... Full text Cite

Causes of death in the Kasekela chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania.

Journal Article American journal of primatology · August 2008 Understanding the rates and causes of mortality in wild chimpanzee populations has important implications for a variety of fields, including wildlife conservation and human evolution. Because chimpanzees are long-lived, accurate mortality data requires ver ... Full text Cite

Female reproductive strategies and competition in apes: An introduction

Journal Article International Journal of Primatology · August 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Molecular ecology and natural history of simian foamy virus infection in wild-living chimpanzees.

Journal Article PLoS pathogens · July 2008 Identifying microbial pathogens with zoonotic potential in wild-living primates can be important to human health, as evidenced by human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and Ebola virus. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are ancient retrov ... Full text Cite

Adult male chimpanzees inherit maternal ranging patterns.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · January 2008 Space use often correlates with reproductive success [1, 2]. Individual site fidelity is ubiquitous across a variety of taxa, including birds, mammals, insects, and reptiles [3-9]. Individuals can benefit from using the same area because doing so affords a ... Full text Cite

Aging and fertility patterns in wild chimpanzees provide insights into the evolution of menopause.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · December 2007 Human menopause is remarkable in that reproductive senescence is markedly accelerated relative to somatic aging, leaving an extended postreproductive period for a large proportion of women. Functional explanations for this are debated, in part because comp ... Full text Cite

Dominance rank influences female space use in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes: towards an ideal despotic distribution

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · December 1, 2007 Studies from many different taxa have demonstrated that dominance rank greatly influences individual space use. While the importance of dominance among female chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, was debated in the past, mounting evidence now shows that rank is v ... Full text Cite

Generation of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus from fecal consensus sequences of wild chimpanzees.

Journal Article Journal of virology · July 2007 Studies of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in their endangered primate hosts are of obvious medical and public health importance, but technically challenging. Although SIV-specific antibodies and nucleic acids have been detected in primate fecal sam ... Full text Cite

The contribution of long-term research at Gombe National Park to chimpanzee conservation.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · June 2007 Long-term research projects can provide important conservation benefits, not only through research specifically focused on conservation problems, but also from various incidental benefits, such as increased intensity of monitoring and building support for ... Full text Cite

New case of intragroup infanticide in the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park

Journal Article International Journal of Primatology · February 1, 2007 Researchers have reported a total of 31 infanticides in 4 different chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) populations. Though infanticide is infrequent, low reproductive rates of females likely make it a strong selective pressure in the species. We report a new inc ... Full text Cite

Foraging strategies as a function of season and rank among wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Journal Article Behavioral Ecology · November 1, 2006 Among mammals, female reproduction is generally thought to be food limited, and dominance should theoretically afford high-ranking females with access to better food resources. Although the importance of dominance rank among female chimpanzees (Pan troglod ... Full text Cite

Using retrospective health data from the Gombe chimpanzee study to inform future monitoring efforts.

Journal Article American journal of primatology · September 2006 Disease outbreaks, either in isolation or in concert with other risk factors, can pose serious threats to the long-term persistence of mammal populations, and these risks become elevated as population size decreases and/or population isolation increases. M ... Full text Cite

Ecological and social influences on the hunting behaviour of wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · July 1, 2006 There has been considerable discussion of the factors that influence the hunting behaviour of male chimpanzees. Explanations invoking social benefits hinge upon the potential for males to share meat with sexually receptive females in exchange for mating (' ... Full text Cite

Influence of ecological and social factors on body mass of wild chimpanzees

Journal Article International Journal of Primatology · February 1, 2005 The chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, were weighed regularly over a period of 33 yr, resulting in 1286 measurements on 31 males and 26 females aged 2-43 yr. Female growth slowed at 10 yr and that of males at 13 ... Full text Cite

Spatial clustering of chimpanzee locations for neighborhood identification

Journal Article Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, ICDM · January 1, 2005 Since 1960, the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, have been studied by behavioral ecologists, including Jane Goodall. Data have been collected for more than 40 years and are being analyzed by researchers in order to increase o ... Full text Cite

From nest to nest--influence of ecology and reproduction on the active period of adult Gombe chimpanzees.

Journal Article American journal of primatology · November 2004 The time spent between sleeping periods, which is called the active period, has to accommodate all essential activities, including feeding, resting, social behavior, and reproduction. To minimize costs in terms of, e.g., predation risk, suboptimal foraging ... Full text Cite

Why do male chimpanzees defend a group range?

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · September 1, 2004 Male chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, cooperate to defend a community range within which resident females range in smaller core areas. There has been debate over exactly what males are defending, whether mates, territory or both. One hypothesis holds that mal ... Full text Cite

New cases of intergroup violence among chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania

Journal Article International Journal of Primatology · June 1, 2004 Despite considerable attention to chimpanzee intergroup violence, the number of observed cases remains small. We report 4 cases of intergroup violence that occurred in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, between 1993 and 2002. We observed (3 cases) or inferred ... Full text Cite

Sex differences in learning in chimpanzees.

Journal Article Nature · April 2004 The wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, fish for termites with flexible tools that they make out of vegetation, inserting them into the termite mound and then extracting and eating the termites that cling to the tool. Tools may be used in di ... Full text Cite

Social Systems

Chapter · 2004 Cite

Foci of endemic simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild-living eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).

Journal Article Journal of virology · July 2003 Simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) is the immediate precursor to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), yet remarkably, the distribution and prevalence of SIVcpz in wild ape populations are unknown. Studies of SIVcpz infection rate ... Full text Cite

Amplification of a complete simian immunodeficiency virus genome from fecal RNA of a wild chimpanzee.

Journal Article Journal of virology · February 2003 Current knowledge of the genetic diversity of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz) infection of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is incomplete since few isolates, mostly from captive apes from Cameroon and Gabon, have been characterized; yet this infor ... Full text Cite

SIVcpz in wild chimpanzees.

Journal Article Science · January 18, 2002 Full text Link to item Cite

Female competition and male territorial behaviour influence female chimpanzees' ranging patterns

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · January 1, 2002 Current models of chimpanzee social structure differ in the extent to which females range with the males and are loyal to a particular social group. We tested these models by analysing 18 years of observational data on the Gombe chimpanzees to investigate ... Full text Cite

Egalitarianism in female African lions.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · July 2001 Because most cooperative societies are despotic, it has been difficult to test models of egalitarianism. Female African lions demonstrate a unique form of plural breeding in which companions consistently produce similar numbers of surviving offspring. Cons ... Full text Cite

Mortality rates among wild chimpanzees.

Journal Article Journal of human evolution · May 2001 In order to compare evolved human and chimpanzees' life histories we present a synthetic life table for free-living chimpanzees, derived from data collected in five study populations (Gombe, Taï, Kibale, Mahale, Bossou). The combined data from all populati ... Full text Cite

Noninvasive paternity assignment in Gombe chimpanzees.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · May 2001 The relative success of chimpanzee male mating strategies, the role of male dominance rank and the success of inbreeding avoidance behaviour can only be assessed when paternities are known. We report the probable paternities of 14 chimpanzees included in a ... Full text Cite

Of Apes and Genes

Chapter · 2001 Cite

The influence of dominance rank on the reproductive success of female chimpanzees.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · August 1997 Female chimpanzees often forage alone and do not display obvious linear dominance hierarchies; consequently, it has been suggested that dominance is not of great importance to them. However, with the use of data from a 35-year field study of chimpanzees, h ... Full text Cite

Divided We Fall: Cooperation among Lions

Journal Article Scientific American · May 1997 Full text Cite

Inbreeding avoidance in animals.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · May 1996 The phenomenon of inbreeding depression is well documented and behavioral adaptations for inbreeding avoidance have been described. However, there is debate over whether inbreeding depression is always an important selective force on behavior. Here, we sum ... Full text Cite

Development of cooperative territoriality in juvenile lions.

Journal Article Proceedings. Biological sciences · April 1996 African lions, Panthera leo, engage in many cooperative activities including hunting, care of young, and group territoriality, but the contribution of juvenile lions to these activities has never been documented. Here we present experimental evidence that ... Full text Cite

Cooperation in male lions: kinship, reciprocity or mutualism?

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · January 1, 1995 Playback experiments simulating the presence of intruder male lions elicited cooperative behaviour of male coalitions resident with prides of females. Resident males approached the broadcast roars on all occasions when more than one male was present for th ... Full text Cite

Nuclear DNA from primate dug

Journal Article Nature · 1995 Cite

Non-offspring nursing in social carnivores: Minimizing the costs

Journal Article Behavioral Ecology · December 1, 1994 We compare the nursing behavior of two species, African lions(Panfhera Leo) and spotted hyenas(Crocuta Craig Packer crocuta), and show that non-offspring nursing is much less common in hyenas than lions. Hyenas spend less time with their cubs, are more ale ... Full text Cite

Roaring and numerical assessment in contests between groups of female lions, Panthera leo

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · January 1, 1994 Theoretical and experimental studies of assessment in animal contests have, until now, focused on disputes between single individuals. However, whereas single competitors usually avoid fights with opponents that are larger or stronger than themselves, in c ... Full text Cite

Female lions can identify potentially infanticidal males from their roars.

Journal Article Proceedings. Biological sciences · April 1993 Despite evidence from several bird, fish and mammal species that listeners can discriminate between the vocalizations of familiar and unfamiliar adult conspecifics, direct links between discriminatory abilities and fitness benefits have been difficult to i ... Full text Cite

Should a lion change its spots?

Journal Article Nature · 1993 Cite

Hormonal characteristics of free-ranging female lions (Panthera leo) of the Serengeti Plains and Ngorongoro Crater.

Journal Article Journal of reproduction and fertility · January 1993 Pituitary responses to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prolactin and steroid secretory profiles were examined in two populations of adult, female lions in the Serengeti (one outbred in the Serengeti Plains and one inbred in the Ngorongoro Crater ... Full text Cite

A comparative analysis of non-offspring nursing

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · January 1, 1992 Information on the incidence of non-offspring nursing in 100 mammalian species was assembled from the literature and from a questionnaire survey. A comparative analysis of these data revealed several factors that influence the occurrence of non-offspring n ... Full text Cite

Analytical DNA fingerprinting in lions: parentage, genetic diversity, and kinship.

Journal Article The Journal of heredity · September 1991 The application of hypervariable minisatellite genomic families to the reconstruction of population genetic structure holds great promise in describing the demographic history and future prospects of free-ranging populations. This potential has not yet bee ... Full text Cite

A molecular genetic analysis of kinship and cooperation in African lions

Journal Article Nature · 1991 African lions live in complex social groups and show extensive cooperative behaviour1-10. Here we describe a new application of DNA fingerprinting that unequivocally demonstrates the kinship structure of lion 'prides': female companions are always closely ... Cite

Case Study of a Population Bottleneck: Lions of the Ngorongoro Crater

Journal Article Conservation Biology · January 1, 1991 Abstract: Lions in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, form a small and naturally isolated population. In 1962, the Crater lions suffered an epizootic that reduced the population to nine females and one male. An additional seven males apparently immigrated in ... Full text Cite

Developmental changes in pituitary-gonadal function in free-ranging lions (Panthera leo leo) of the Serengeti Plains and Ngorongoro Crater

Journal Article Journal of Reproduction and Fertility · 1991 Pituitary-gonadal function was examined in male lions free-ranging in the Serengeti Plains or geographically isolated in the Ngorongoro Crater of Tanzania. Lions were classified by age as adult (6.1-9.8 years), young adult (3.3-4.5 years) or prepubertal (l ... Cite

Why lions form groups: food is not enough

Journal Article American Naturalist · January 1, 1990 Two Panthera leo group sizes maximize foraging success during the season of prey scarcity: one female and 5-6 females. Foraging success does not vary significantly with group size when prey is abundant. Female lions live in fission-fusion social units (pri ... Full text Cite

Behavioural Changes at Adolescence in Chimpanzees

Journal Article Behaviour · January 1, 1990 Male chimpanzees experience puberty (marked testicular growth and ejaculation) when they are about 9 years old and just over half adult weight. They reach adult weight at 14-15 years. Females start small sexual swellings at about 8 years, mate with adult m ... Full text Cite

Reply from a. E. Pusey.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · June 1988 Full text Cite

Primate dispersal

Journal Article Trends in Ecology and Evolution · 1988 Cite

Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · October 1987 Sex differences in dispersal distance are widespread in birds and mammals, but the predominantly dispersing sex differs consistently between the classes. There has been persistent debate over the relative importance of two factors - intrasexual competition ... Full text Cite

The evolution of sex-biased dispersal in lions

Journal Article Behaviour · January 1, 1987 Most female Panthera leo remain in their natal pride for their entire lives, but c 1/3 emigrate before they reach 4 yr of age. Most emigrating females leave either when they are evicted by an incoming male coalition or when the adult females of their pride ... Full text Cite

Intrasexual co-operation and the sex ratio in African lions.

Journal Article American Naturalist · January 1, 1987 Panthero leo in the Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, live in stable social groups. The reproductive success of individuals of each sex depends on the number of like-sexed companions that they have. Males form coalitions of up to 7 i ... Full text Cite

Reproductive and genetic consequences of founding isolated lion populations

Journal Article Nature · January 1, 1987 Species survival is critically dependent on reproductive performance, a complex physiological process under rigorous genetic control. Classical studies of inbreeding in laboratory animals and livestock have shown that increased homozygosity can adversely a ... Full text Cite

Cooperation and competition in lions (reply)

Journal Article Nature · December 1, 1983 Full text Cite

Once and future kings

Journal Article Natureal history · 1983 Cite

Mother-offspring relationships in chimpanzees after weaning

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · January 1, 1983 Juvenile chimpanzees at Gombe National Park associated almost constantly with their mothers for several years after they were weaned from suckling. Then this association declined abruptly in three contexts: (1) when mothers resumed oestrous cycles and cons ... Full text Cite

Male takeovers and female reproductive parameters: A simulation of oestrous synchrony in lions (Panthera leo)

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · January 1, 1983 The takeover of a pride of lions by a new coalition of adult males synchronizes the reproductive states of the females because the females' dependent offspring either die or are evicted at the takeover. Using data on the consequences of male takeovers on f ... Full text Cite

Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males ( Panthera leo).

Journal Article American Naturalist · January 1, 1983 Female Panthera leo with cubs show various direct responses to immigrating males, including defense of their cubs or avoidance of the new males. Despite these responses, male replacement in the females' pride results in considerable cub mortality. Those fe ... Full text Cite

Cooperation and competition within coalitions of male lions: kin selection or game theory?

Journal Article Nature · December 1, 1982 Male lions form cooperative coalitions which compete against other coalitions for exclusive access to female groups1,2. This cooperation and the apparently low level of intra-coalition competition over oestrous females, have been considered to be due to th ... Full text Cite

Inbreeding avoidance in chimpanzees

Journal Article Animal Behaviour · January 1, 1980 In a community of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, females' associations with their previous closest male associates (usually maternal siblings) dropped abruptly when they commenced full oestrous cycles, in some cases because the females changed their r ... Full text Cite

Female aggression and male membership in troops of Japanese macaques and olive baboons.

Journal Article Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology · January 1979 A detailed comparison of Macaca fuscata and Papio anubis reveals that female aggression to males has an effect on male association with females in both species, but only in M. fuscata do females appear to be able to limit the number of males in their troop ... Full text Cite

Sexually Coercive Male Chimpanzees Sire More Offspring

Journal Article Current Biology In sexually reproducing animals, male and female reproductive strategies often conflict [1]. In some species, males use aggression to overcome female choice [2, 3], but debate persists over the extent to which this strategy is successful. Previous studies ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite