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April Kelly Scott Salama

April Kelly Scott Salama

Associate Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Medical Oncology
DUMC 3198, Durham, NC 27710
30 Duke Medicine Circle, 25177 Morris Bldg, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Advanced stage melanoma during pregnancy: recommendations from a retrospective, multicentre, registry-based study.

Journal Article EClinicalMedicine · November 2025 BACKGROUND: Diagnosis and treatment of advanced melanoma during pregnancy represents a major challenge, with scarce data on outcome or management available. Therefore, the Melanoma Pregnancy Taskforce collected real-world data to understand the current man ... Full text Link to item Cite

Management outcomes for biopsy-proven radiation necrosis in patients with brain metastases in the era of immune-checkpoint blockade.

Journal Article J Neurooncol · October 2025 PURPOSE: Immunotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are frequently combined in the management of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma. However, concurrent SRS and dual immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICPI) elevate the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · September 2, 2025 BACKGROUND: Development of new melanoma therapies has increased survival, and more patients are living to develop brain metastasis (BrM). Identifying those at increased risk of BrM is of significant public health importance, and our objective was to assess ... Full text Link to item Cite

Table S6 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Table S6 provides results by timing of brain metastasis (at diagnosis or after diagnosis)</p> ... Full text Cite

Table S2 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Table S2 shows codes used to classify therapies</p> ... Full text Cite

Figure S4 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Figure S4 shows sex-specific hazard of death based on atopic trait</p> ... Full text Cite

Table S3 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Table S3 provides an overview of characteristics of included individuals by atopic disease status</p> ... Full text Cite

Figure S2 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Figure S2 shows the correlation between atopic conditions and other prognostic variables</p> ... Full text Cite

Figure S5 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Figure S5 shows probability of brain metastasis free survival by atopic trait</p> ... Full text Cite

Table S7 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Table S7 provides results for those without metastatic disease at diagnosis</p> ... Full text Cite

Table S5 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Table S5 provides adjusted results from survival and cumulative incidence analyses</p> ... Full text Cite

Data from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <div>AbstractBackground:<p>Development of new melanoma therapies has increased survival, and more patients are living to develop brain metastasis (BrM). Identifying those at increased risk of BrM is of significant public health importan ... Full text Cite

Table S1 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Table S1 shows codes used to classify atopic disease types</p> ... Full text Cite

Figure S3 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Figure S3 shows association between atopic traits and treatment choice</p> ... Full text Cite

Table S4 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Table S4 provides results from univariate survival and cumulative incidence analyses</p> ... Full text Cite

Figure S1 from Atopy Improves Survival and Decreases Risk of Brain Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma

Other · September 2, 2025 <p>Figure S1 illustrates the data filtering process used to build the analytic dataset</p> ... Full text Cite

Circulating Tumor DNA in High-Risk Stage II/III Cutaneous Melanoma: A Feasibility Study.

Journal Article Ann Surg Oncol · July 2025 BACKGROUND: Adjuvant therapies reduce recurrence in patients with clinical stage IIB/IIC/III melanoma; however, better risk stratification and patient selection are needed. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a marker of micrometastatic residual disease is be ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comprehensive, multi-center, immunogenomic analysis of melanoma brain metastases.

Journal Article Acta Neuropathol Commun · June 2, 2025 BACKGROUND: Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) have a unique molecular profile compared to extracranial metastases (ECM). Description of the biological features and clinical outcomes of MBM will facilitate the design of rational therapies. METHODS: We examine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relapse-free survival with adjuvant dabrafenib/trametinib therapy after relapse on a prior adjuvant CPI in BRAF V600-mutated stage III/IV melanoma.

Journal Article Oncologist · March 10, 2025 BACKGROUND: In BRAF-mutated high-risk melanoma, targeted therapy (BRAF/MEK inhibitors) and checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) immunotherapy have durable benefits as first-line (1L) adjuvant therapy. Based on differing action mechanisms of BRAF/MEK inhibitors and C ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular and immune landscape of tumours in geriatric patients with non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.

Journal Article BMJ Oncol · 2025 OBJECTIVE: Cancer patients aged ≥80 years present unique characteristics affecting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with unidentified molecular differences. This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers of response to ICI in patients ≥80 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multiple Options: How to Choose Therapy in Frontline Metastatic Melanoma.

Journal Article Curr Oncol Rep · August 2024 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Given the rapid development of multiple targeted and immune therapies for patients with advanced melanoma, it can be challenging to select a therapy based on currently available data. This review aims to provide an overview of frontline ... Full text Link to item Cite

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Melanoma: Cutaneous, Version 2.2024.

Journal Article J Natl Compr Canc Netw · July 2024 The NCCN Guidelines for Cutaneous Melanoma (termed Melanoma: Cutaneous) provide multidisciplinary recommendations for diagnostic workup, staging, and treatment of patients. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on the update to neoadjuvant systemic therapy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-Term Intracranial Outcomes With Combination Dual Immune-Checkpoint Blockade and Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Patients With Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases.

Journal Article Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · April 1, 2024 PURPOSE: The intracranial benefit of offering dual immune-checkpoint inhibition (D-ICPI) with ipilimumab and nivolumab to patients with melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BMs) is u ... Full text Link to item Cite

Overall survival from tebentafusp versus nivolumab plus ipilimumab in first-line metastatic uveal melanoma: a propensity score-weighted analysis.

Journal Article Ann Oncol · March 2024 BACKGROUND: Tebentafusp demonstrated a superior overall survival (OS) benefit [hazard ratio (HR) 0.51] compared to investigator's choice (82% pembrolizumab) in a randomized, phase III trial (IMCgp100-202; N = 378) in untreated metastatic uveal melanoma (mU ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three-Year Overall Survival with Tebentafusp in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · December 14, 2023 BACKGROUND: Tebentafusp, a T-cell receptor-bispecific molecule that targets glycoprotein 100 and CD3, is approved for adult patients who are positive for HLA-A*02:01 and have unresectable or metastatic uveal melanoma. The primary analysis in the present ph ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multi-omic profiling reveals discrepant immunogenic properties and a unique tumor microenvironment among melanoma brain metastases

Journal Article Npj Precision Oncology · December 1, 2023 Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are clinically challenging to treat and exhibit variable responses to immune checkpoint therapies. Prior research suggests that MBM exhibit poor tumor immune responses and are enriched in oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we ... Full text Cite

Timing of Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Stage III Melanoma, Does it Matter?

Journal Article Ann Surg Oncol · October 2023 BACKGROUND: The optimal time to initiate adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) following resection remains undefined. Herein, we investigated the impact of time to adjuvant ICI on survival in patients with stage III melanoma. METHODS: Patients with r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of melanoma, version 3.0.

Journal Article J Immunother Cancer · October 2023 Since the first approval for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma more than a decade ago, immunotherapy has completely transformed the treatment landscape of this chemotherapy-resistant disease. Combination regimens i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correction to: Progress for patients with melanoma brain metastases

Journal Article Neuro-Oncology · September 5, 2023 Full text Cite

Multicenter Experience with Neoadjuvant Therapy in Melanoma Highlights Heterogeneity in Contemporary Practice.

Journal Article Ann Surg · June 1, 2023 OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and impact of neoadjuvant therapy (NT) in patients who present with advanced melanoma amenable to surgical resection. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Given current effective systemic therapy for melanoma, the use of NT is b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tebentafusp in combination with durvalumab and/or tremelimumab in patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma: a phase 1 study.

Journal Article J Immunother Cancer · June 2023 BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes in first line cutaneous melanoma. However, there is a high unmet need for patients who progress on these therapies and combination therapies are being explored to improve outcome ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intracranial Control with Combined Dual ImmuneCheckpoint Blockade and SRS for Melanoma and NSCLC Brain Metastases

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS · 2023 Cite

Clinical Outcomes Following an Initial Stereotactic Radiosurgery Course for Brain Metastases from Melanoma

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS · 2023 Cite

Tumor-intrinsic NLRP3-HSP70-TLR4 axis drives premetastatic niche development and hyperprogression during anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Journal Article Sci Transl Med · November 23, 2022 The tumor-intrinsic NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) signaling axis is triggered by CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity and contributes to the development of adaptive resistance to anti-programmed cel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multimodality analysis confers a prognostic benefit of a T-cell infiltrated tumor microenvironment and peripheral immune status in patients with melanoma.

Journal Article J Immunother Cancer · September 2022 BACKGROUND: We previously reported results from a phase 1 study testing intratumoral recombinant poliovirus, lerapolturev, in 12 melanoma patients. All 12 patients received anti-PD-1 systemic therapy before lerapolturev, and 11 of these 12 patients also re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of a Germline Pyrin Variant in a Metastatic Melanoma Patient With Multiple Spontaneous Regressions and Immune-related Adverse Events.

Journal Article J Immunother · July 2022 The mechanisms underlying tumor immunosurveillance and their association with the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies remain poorly understood. We describe a metastatic melanoma patient exhibiting mult ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Predictive factors of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma.

Journal Article Hum Vaccin Immunother · May 31, 2022 This review describes the current body of literature and ongoing clinical trials examining neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for patients with resectable stage III and IV melanoma. Based on prior success in treating metastatic melanoma and as ... Full text Link to item Cite

Overall Survival Benefit with Tebentafusp in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · September 23, 2021 BACKGROUND: Uveal melanoma is a disease that is distinct from cutaneous melanoma, with a low tumor mutational burden and a 1-year overall survival of approximately 50% in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Data showing a proven overall survival benef ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potential Utility of Synthetic D-Lactate Polymers in Skin Cancer.

Journal Article JID Innov · September 2021 Increased breakdown of glucose through glycolysis in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions is a hallmark feature of mammalian cancer and leads to increased production of L-lactate. The high-level lactate present within the tumor microenvironment is reused ... Full text Link to item Cite

An immunogenomic analysis of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) compared to extracranial metastases (ECM).

Conference Journal of Clinical Oncology · May 20, 2021 9521 Background: Previous work has shown that MBM have a unique molecular profile compared to ECM. Description of the biology of MBM will facilitate the design of rational therapies for patients (pts) with MBM. Methods: We analyz ... Full text Cite

Pharmacological Wnt ligand inhibition overcomes key tumor-mediated resistance pathways to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Journal Article Cell Rep · May 4, 2021 While immune checkpoint blockade is associated with prolonged responses in multiple cancers, most patients still do not benefit from this therapeutic strategy. The Wnt-β-catenin pathway is associated with diminished T cell infiltration; however, activating ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cutaneous melanoma: Management of melanoma brain metastases and molecular testing

Conference JNCCN Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · May 1, 2021 Several advances in diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous melanoma were discussed at the NCCN 2021 Virtual Annual Conference. First, advances in immunotherapies and targeted agents have enhanced the role of systemic therapies in the up-front management of b ... Full text Cite

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Melanoma: Cutaneous, Version 2.2021.

Journal Article Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · April 2021 Over the past few years, the NCCN Guidelines for Melanoma: Cutaneous have been expanded to include pathways for treatment of microscopic satellitosis (added in v2.2020), and the following Principles sections: Molecular Testing (added in v2.2019), Systemic ... Full text Cite

Phase I trial of intratumoral PVSRIPO in patients with unresectable, treatment-refractory melanoma.

Journal Article J Immunother Cancer · April 2021 BACKGROUND: While programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antagonists have improved the prognosis for many patients with melanoma, around 60% fail therapy. PVSRIPO is a non-neurovirulent rhinovirus:poliovirus chimera th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ipilimumab and Radiation in Patients with High-risk Resected or Regionally Advanced Melanoma.

Journal Article Clin Cancer Res · March 1, 2021 PURPOSE: In this prospective trial, we sought to assess the feasibility of concurrent administration of ipilimumab and radiation as adjuvant, neoadjuvant, or definitive therapy in patients with regionally advanced melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-fou ... Full text Link to item Cite

A multicenter characterization of hepatitis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Journal Article Oncoimmunology · February 8, 2021 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) predispose patients to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although hepatitis is a potentially lethal toxicity, the timing and outcomes have not been well described. In this retrospective study, patients from six inter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Advanced Melanoma: Resistance Mechanisms to Current Therapies.

Journal Article Hematol Oncol Clin North Am · February 2021 Novel therapeutic agents introduced over the past decade, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies, have revolutionized the management of metastatic melanoma and significantly improved patient outcomes. Although robust and durable resp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma Patients with Underlying Autoimmune Disease.

Journal Article Cancer Manag Res · 2021 The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has dramatically changed the clinical management of metastatic melanoma and other solid tumors. Despite exclusion from initial clinical trials, there is a growing body of retrospective data that suggest ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Need for More Molecular Profiling in Brain Metastases.

Journal Article Front Oncol · 2021 As local disease control improves, the public health impact of brain metastases (BrM) continues to grow. Molecular features are frequently different between primary and metastatic tumors as a result of clonal evolution during neoplasm migration, selective ... Full text Link to item Cite

Overall Survival Improved for Contemporary Patients with Melanoma: A 2004-2015 National Cancer Database Analysis.

Journal Article Oncol Ther · December 2020 INTRODUCTION: Since 2011, encouraging clinical trial results have led to approval of multiple new therapies for advanced melanoma, but the impact of these therapies outside of trial populations is largely unknown. This study examines use of novel therapies ... Full text Link to item Cite

The utility of initial staging PET-CT as a baseline scan for surveillance imaging in stage II and III melanoma.

Journal Article Surg Oncol · December 2020 BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the utility of whole-body PET-CT for the initial staging and subsequent surveillance imaging of patients with completely resected stage II and stage III melanoma. METHODS: A single-center, retrospective review of patients w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dabrafenib and Trametinib in Patients With Tumors With BRAFV600E Mutations: Results of the NCI-MATCH Trial Subprotocol H.

Journal Article J Clin Oncol · November 20, 2020 PURPOSE: BRAFV600 mutations are commonly found in melanoma and thyroid cancers and to a lesser degree in other tumor types. Subprotocol H (EAY131-H) of the NCI-MATCH platform trial sought to investigate the selective BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and the MEK1/ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Higher BMI, But Not Sarcopenia, Is Associated With Pembrolizumab-related Toxicity in Patients With Advanced Melanoma.

Journal Article Anticancer Res · September 2020 BACKGROUND/AIM: To determine whether BMI and sarcopenia were related to treatment-limiting toxicity or efficacy of pembrolizumab treatment in melanoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records for melanoma patients undergoing pembrolizumab treatment ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mind the gap: Gendered publication trends in oncology.

Journal Article Cancer · June 15, 2020 BACKGROUND: Investigating scientific publication trends in the field of oncology may highlight opportunities for improved representation, mentorship, collaboration, and advancement for women. METHODS: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of Annals of Surgi ... Full text Link to item Cite

A tumor-intrinsic PD-L1/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway drives resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · May 1, 2020 An in-depth understanding of immune escape mechanisms in cancer is likely to lead to innovative advances in immunotherapeutic strategies. However, much remains unknown regarding these mechanisms and how they impact immunotherapy resistance. Using several p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Current multidisciplinary management of brain metastases.

Journal Article Cancer · April 1, 2020 Brain metastasis (BM), the most common adult brain tumor, develops in 20% to 40% of patients with late-stage cancer and traditionally are associated with a poor prognosis. The management of patients with BM has become increasingly complex because of new an ... Full text Link to item Cite

A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity.

Journal Article CA Cancer J Clin · March 2020 Cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy, manipulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. These therapies have the potential to induce durable responses in multiple solid and hematologic malignanc ... Full text Link to item Cite

NCCN Guidelines Insights: Uveal Melanoma, Version 1.2019.

Journal Article J Natl Compr Canc Netw · February 2020 The NCCN Guidelines for Uveal Melanoma include recommendations for staging, treatment, and follow-up of patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma of the choroid or ciliary body. In addition, because distinguishing between uveal melanoma and benign uveal nevi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Version 4.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

Journal Article J Natl Compr Canc Netw · February 2020 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are characterized by a progressive accumulation of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues. Treatment of CLL/SLL has evolved significantly in recent y ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Review of Immune-Mediated Adverse Events in Melanoma.

Journal Article Oncol Ther · December 2019 The use of checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape for melanoma as well as many other cancer types. With the ability to potentiate tumor-specific immune responses, these agents can result in durable tumor control. H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Operative and peri-operative considerations in the management of brain metastasis.

Journal Article Cancer Med · November 2019 The number of patients who develop metastatic brain lesions is increasing as the diagnosis and treatment of systemic cancers continues to improve, resulting in longer patient survival. The role of surgery in the management of brain metastasis (BM), particu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retrospective analysis of safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy and radiation therapy in advanced melanoma: A bi-institutional study.

Journal Article Radiother Oncol · September 2019 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are standard treatments for advanced melanoma. Palliative radiation therapy (RT) is commonly administered for this disease. Safety and optimal timing for this combination for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mind the Gap: Gendered Publication Trends in Academic Oncology

Conference International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · September 2019 Full text Cite

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy in melanoma: recommendations of the International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium.

Journal Article Lancet Oncol · July 2019 Advances in the treatment of metastatic melanoma have improved responses and survival. However, many patients continue to experience resistance or toxicity to treatment, highlighting a crucial need to identify biomarkers and understand mechanisms of respon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dabrafenib and trametinib in patients with tumors with BRAF V600E/K mutations: Results from the molecular analysis for therapy choice (MATCH) Arm H.

Conference Journal of Clinical Oncology · May 20, 2019 3002 Background: The NCI-MATCH precision medicine trial assigns patients (pts) with solid tumors, lymphomas, or multiple myeloma with progression on prior treatment to a targeted therapy based on genetic alterations identified in ... Full text Cite

Clinical and laboratory features of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Journal Article Am J Hematol · May 2019 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) are a novel class of immunotherapeutic agents that have revolutionized the treatment of cancer; however, these drugs can also cause a unique spectrum of autoimmune toxicity. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare, ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Emerging Role of Surgery for Patients With Advanced Melanoma Treated With Immunotherapy.

Journal Article J Surg Res · April 2019 BACKGROUND: The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has improved survival for patients with metastatic melanoma. The types of disease-response patterns to ICI therapy can be more complex relative to traditional chemotherapy and include mixed r ... Full text Link to item Cite

A phase 2 study of glembatumumab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting glycoprotein NMB, in patients with advanced melanoma.

Journal Article Cancer · April 1, 2019 BACKGROUND: Glembatumumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate that produced preliminary clinical activity against advanced melanoma in a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. The objective of the current study was to investigate further the antitumor activity o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cutaneous Melanoma, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

Journal Article J Natl Compr Canc Netw · April 1, 2019 The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Cutaneous melanoma have been significantly revised over the past few years in response to emerging data on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies and BRAF-targeted therapy. This article ... Full text Link to item Cite

Updates in adjuvant systemic therapy for melanoma.

Journal Article J Surg Oncol · January 2019 There has been a rapid increase in adjuvant therapies approved for treatment following surgical resection of stages III/IV melanoma. We review current indications for adjuvant therapy, which currently includes a heterogenous group of stages III and IV pati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Checkpoint inhibitor use in two heart transplant patients with metastatic melanoma and review of high-risk populations.

Journal Article Melanoma Manag · December 2018 Due to the unique side-effect profile of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), groups of patients deemed to be at high risk of complications were excluded from trials that proved the efficacy and safety of these agents in patients with various malignancies. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delayed onset of neurosarcoidosis after concurrent ipilimumab/nivolumab therapy.

Journal Article J Immunother Cancer · July 31, 2018 BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape for many cancers, including metastatic melanoma, but have also opened the door for a diverse variety of immune-related adverse effects. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the fir ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immune checkpoint inhibition

Chapter · June 27, 2018 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent a class of immuno-oncology drugs consisting of monoclonal antibodies occurring against inhibitory receptors or ligands within the immune system including CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1. ICI has transformed oncology in ... Full text Cite

New NCCN Guidelines for Uveal Melanoma and Treatment of Recurrent or Progressive Distant Metastatic Melanoma.

Journal Article J Natl Compr Canc Netw · May 2018 The NCCN Guidelines Panel for Melanoma debuted new guidelines for uveal melanoma at the NCCN 23rd Annual Conference. Although uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma share the same name, they do have different characteristics and treatments. The NCCN Guideli ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adjuvant vemurafenib in resected, BRAFV600 mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM8): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial.

Journal Article Lancet Oncol · April 2018 BACKGROUND: Systemic adjuvant treatment might mitigate the high risk of disease recurrence in patients with resected stage IIC-III melanoma. The BRIM8 study evaluated adjuvant vemurafenib monotherapy in patients with resected, BRAFV600 mutation-positive me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuro-ophthalmic side effects of molecularly targeted cancer drugs.

Journal Article Eye (Lond) · February 2018 The past two decades has been an amazing time in the advancement of cancer treatment. Molecularly targeted therapy is a concept in which specific cellular molecules (overexpressed, mutationally activated, or selectively expressed proteins) are manipulated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immune Checkpoint Blockade: The New Frontier in Cancer Treatment.

Journal Article Target Oncol · February 2018 Immune checkpoint blockers have revolutionized cancer treatment in recent years. These agents are now approved for the treatment of several malignancies, including melanoma, squamous and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, urothe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Final analysis of a randomised trial comparing pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma.

Journal Article Eur J Cancer · November 2017 AIM: To evaluate the protocol-specified final analysis of overall survival (OS) in the KEYNOTE-002 study (NCT01704287) of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in patients with ipilimumab-refractory, advanced melanoma. METHODS: In this randomised, phase II stu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metastatic melanoma patients' sensitivity to ipilimumab cannot be predicted by tumor characteristics.

Journal Article Int J Surg Oncol (N Y) · October 2017 UNLABELLED: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the prognosis for patients with metastatic melanoma. However, not all patients respond to therapy and toxicities can be severe leaving need for reliable clinical predictive markers. METHODS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Recurrent Melanoma: A Multicenter Study.

Journal Article Ann Surg Oncol · September 2017 BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is routinely performed for primary cutaneous melanomas; however, limited data exist for SLNB after locally recurrent (LR) or in-transit (IT) melanoma. METHODS: Data from three centers performing SLNB for LR/IT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Can binimetinib, encorafenib and masitinib be more efficacious than currently available mutation-based targeted therapies for melanoma treatment?

Journal Article Expert Opin Pharmacother · April 2017 Historically, there were few effective and durable treatments for metastatic melanoma. Recently, mutation based targeted therapies have revolutionized treatment and outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma. Specifically, inhibitors aimed at BRAF, NRA ... Full text Link to item Cite

First-line treatment of metastatic melanoma: role of nivolumab.

Journal Article Immunotargets Ther · 2017 Historically, the median overall survival of metastatic melanoma patients was less than 1 year and long-term survivors were rare. Recent advances in therapies have dramatically shifted this landscape with increased survival rates and the real possibility t ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Next steps in immuno-oncology: enhancing antitumor effects through appropriate patient selection and rationally designed combination strategies.

Journal Article Ann Oncol · January 1, 2017 BACKGROUND: Cancers escape immune surveillance via distinct mechanisms that involve central (negative selection within the thymus) or peripheral (lack of costimulation, receipt of death/anergic signals by tumor, immunoregulatory cell populations) immune to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison between ketamine and hyoscine for the management of postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort: A randomized controlled double-blind study.

Journal Article J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol · 2017 BACKGROUND AND AIM: Postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) can be a distressing complication for patients in whom a urinary catheter was inserted intraoperatively and is accompanied with patients' dissatisfaction. This trial investigated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab in Patients Enrolled in KEYNOTE-030 in the United States: An Expanded Access Program.

Journal Article J Immunother · 2017 KEYNOTE-030 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT02083484) was a global expanded access program that allowed access to pembrolizumab, an antiprogrammed death 1 antibody, for patients with advanced melanoma before its regulatory approval. Patients with unresectable s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metastatic uveal melanoma-A review of current therapies and future directions

Journal Article European Oncology and Haematology · January 1, 2017 The most common type of ocular melanoma is uveal melanoma, which includes melanomas that originate from the choroid, iris, or ciliary body. Although the survival rate for all cases of uveal melanoma is high, once metastatic disease occurs the survival rate ... Full text Cite

The efficacy of anti-PD-1 agents in acral and mucosal melanoma.

Journal Article Cancer · November 15, 2016 BACKGROUND: Therapeutic antibodies against programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) are considered front-line therapy in metastatic melanoma. The efficacy of PD-1 blockade for patients with biologically distinct melanomas arising from acral and mucosal surf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Health-related quality of life in the randomised KEYNOTE-002 study of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in patients with ipilimumab-refractory melanoma.

Journal Article Eur J Cancer · November 2016 BACKGROUND: In KEYNOTE-002, pembrolizumab significantly prolonged progression-free survival and was associated with a better safety profile compared with chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma that progressed after ipilimumab. We present health-re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma: 2-year overall survival outcomes in a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial.

Journal Article Lancet Oncol · November 2016 BACKGROUND: Results from phase 2 and 3 trials in patients with advanced melanoma have shown significant improvements in the proportion of patients achieving an objective response and prolonged progression-free survival with the combination of nivolumab (an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Next Steps in Immuno-Oncology: Enhancing Antitumor Effects Through Appropriate Patient Selection and Rationally Designed Combination Strategies.

Journal Article Ann Oncol · October 13, 2016 BACKGROUND: Cancers escape immune surveillance via distinct mechanisms that involve central (negative selection within the thymus) or peripheral (lack of costimulation, receipt of death/anergic signals by tumor, immunoregulatory cell populations) immune to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and Efficacy of Radiation Therapy in Advanced Melanoma Patients Treated With Ipilimumab.

Journal Article Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · September 1, 2016 PURPOSE: Ipilimumab and radiation therapy (RT) are standard treatments for advanced melanoma; preclinical models suggest the potential for synergy. However, limited clinical information exists regarding safety and optimal timing of the combination. METHODS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes and toxicity of stereotactic radiosurgery for melanoma brain metastases in patients receiving ipilimumab.

Journal Article Melanoma Manag · September 2016 PURPOSE: Patients with melanoma treated with ipilimumab and radiosurgery (stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS]) were reviewed for efficacy/safety. METHODS: Patients who received ipilimumab and SRS for brain metastases were analyzed for control of SRS-treated me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Copper suppression as cancer therapy: the rationale for copper chelating agents in BRAFV600 mutated melanoma.

Journal Article Melanoma Manag · September 2016 The successful targeting of oncogenic BRAFV600 represents one of the landmark breakthroughs in therapy for advanced melanoma. While the initial clinical benefit can be dramatic, resistance is common due to a number of mechanisms, including MAPK pathway rea ... Full text Link to item Cite

NCCN Guidelines Insights: Melanoma, Version 3.2016.

Journal Article J Natl Compr Canc Netw · August 2016 The NCCN Guidelines for Melanoma have been significantly revised over the past few years in response to emerging data on a number of novel agents and treatment regimens. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the data and rationale supporting extensive c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Embracing rejection: Immunologic trends in brain metastasis.

Journal Article Oncoimmunology · July 2016 Brain metastases represent the most common type of brain tumor. These tumors offer a dismal prognosis and significantly impact quality of life for patients. Their capacity for central nervous system (CNS) invasion is dependent upon induced disruptions to t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Irradiation and immunotherapy: From concept to the clinic.

Journal Article Cancer · June 1, 2016 In recent years, an increased understanding of T-cell-regulatory mechanisms has led to the development of a novel class of immune-checkpoint inhibitors that have robust clinical activity against a broad array of malignancies-even those that historically we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computed Tomography-Based Limb Volume Measurements for Isolated Limb Infusion in Melanoma.

Journal Article Ann Surg Oncol · April 2016 BACKGROUND: Despite advances in cross-sectional imaging, chemotherapeutic dosing for isolated limb infusion (ILI) in melanoma is currently calculated through cumbersome and potentially imprecise manual measurements. The primary objective of this study was ... Full text Link to item Cite

Melanoma, Version 2.2016, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

Journal Article J Natl Compr Canc Netw · April 2016 This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Melanoma focuses on adjuvant therapy and treatment of in-transit disease, because substantial changes were made to the recommendations for the 2016 update. Dependin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolated recto-sigmoid colitis: a new imaging pattern of ipilimumab-associated colitis.

Journal Article Abdom Radiol (NY) · February 2016 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe typical CT findings and distinct imaging patterns of ipilimumab-associated colitis in immunotherapeutic treatment of melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study included 86 pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Updates in Therapy for Advanced Melanoma.

Journal Article Cancers (Basel) · January 15, 2016 Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, and is correlated with a large proportion of skin cancer-related deaths. Therapy for cutaneous melanoma has advanced greatly through careful identification of therapeutic targets and th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ipilimumab-Associated lymphocytic colitis: A case report

Journal Article Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology · January 1, 2016 Ipilimumab is a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-Associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor approved for treatment of metastatic melanoma. Gastrointestinal side effects are common and include diarrhea, colitis, and hepatitis. Histopathology typically shows active neutr ... Full text Cite

Phase II study of vemurafenib followed by ipilimumab in patients with previously untreated BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma.

Journal Article J Immunother Cancer · 2016 BACKGROUND: Ipilimumab (IPI), an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, and vemurafenib (VEM), a BRAF inhibitor, have distinct mechanisms of action and shared toxicities (e.g., skin, gastrointestinal [GI] and hepatobiliary disorders) that may preclude concomitant administr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic risk analysis of a patient with fulminant autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus secondary to combination ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy.

Journal Article J Immunother Cancer · 2016 BACKGROUND: Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy is becoming an effective treatment modality for an increasing number of malignancies. As a result, autoinflammatory side-effects are also being observed more commonly in the clinic. We are currently unable to ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Tumor Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Resistance.

Journal Article Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book · 2016 The rapidly changing landscape of oncology has brought new light, and with it, new challenges to optimizing therapeutic strategies for patients. Although the concept of patient heterogeneity is well known to any practicing clinician, a more detailed unders ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative study of hyoscine doses as antisialagogue for patients receiving ketofol sedation undergoing colonoscopy procedures.

Journal Article Anesth Essays Res · 2016 OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different regimens of hyoscine as antisialagogue in patients undergoing ketofol sedation for colonoscopy procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial 200 American Societ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Remediation of lead and cadmium-contaminated soils.

Journal Article Int J Phytoremediation · 2016 The research was designated to study the ability of plants to bio-accumulate, translocate and remove the heavy metals, lead and cadmium from contaminated soil. The herbal plant ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum was investigated as a bio-accumulator plant for th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neoadjuvant use of ipilimumab in locally advanced melanoma.

Journal Article J Surg Oncol · December 2015 Recent advances in immune modulating therapies show great promise for patients with advanced melanoma, however optimal strategies for achieving long-term disease control in locally advanced melanoma are unclear. We present two cases of neoadjuvant ipilimum ... Full text Link to item Cite

Report of ipilimumab in a heart transplant patient with metastatic melanoma on tacrolimus.

Journal Article Melanoma Manag · November 2015 Ipilimumab is the first immunotherapy shown to increase overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Currently, there are no accepted guidelines for use of ipilimumab in organ transplant patients. There is only one report in the literature on suc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of metals in cosmetics commonly used in Saudi Arabia.

Journal Article Environ Monit Assess · October 2015 Cosmetics are one of the most important sources of releasing heavy metals. Different varieties of chemicals are used in cosmetic products as ingredients and some are used as preservatives. There are concerns regarding the presence of harmful chemicals in t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial.

Journal Article Lancet Oncol · August 2015 BACKGROUND: Patients with melanoma that progresses on ipilimumab and, if BRAF(V600) mutant-positive, a BRAF or MEK inhibitor or both, have few treatment options. We assessed the efficacy and safety of two pembrolizumab doses versus investigator-choice chem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · May 21, 2015 BACKGROUND: In a phase 1 dose-escalation study, combined inhibition of T-cell checkpoint pathways by nivolumab and ipilimumab was associated with a high rate of objective response, including complete responses, among patients with advanced melanoma. METHOD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid complete response of metastatic melanoma in a patient undergoing ipilimumab immunotherapy in the setting of active ulcerative colitis.

Journal Article J Immunother Cancer · 2015 While blockade of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) T cell regulatory receptor has become a commonly utilized strategy in the management of advanced melanoma, many questions remain regarding the use of this agent in patient populations with aut ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Clinical applications of PD-1-based therapy: a focus on pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in the management of melanoma and other tumor types.

Journal Article Onco Targets Ther · 2015 Preclinical work has led to an increased understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms involved in the regulation of the antitumor response in a variety of tumor types. PD-1 (programmed death 1) appears to be a key checkpoint involved in immune suppress ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunotherapy following regional chemotherapy treatment of advanced extremity melanoma.

Journal Article Ann Surg Oncol · August 2014 PURPOSE: Following regional chemotherapy (RC) for melanoma, approximately 75 % of patients will progress. The role of immunotherapy after RC has not been well established. METHODS: A prospective, single-institution database of 243 patients with in-transit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Melanoma, version 4.2014.

Journal Article J Natl Compr Canc Netw · May 2014 The NCCN Guidelines for Melanoma provide multidisciplinary recommendations for the management of patients with melanoma. These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight notable recent updates. Dabrafenib and trametinib, either as monotherapy (category 1) or combi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy of repeat sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients who develop recurrent melanoma.

Journal Article J Am Coll Surg · April 2014 BACKGROUND: Even after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for primary melanoma, patients who develop in-transit (IT) melanoma or local recurrences (LR) can have subclinical regional lymph node involvement. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective database ident ... Full text Link to item Cite

MEK inhibition in the treatment of advanced melanoma.

Journal Article Curr Oncol Rep · October 2013 The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway is considered to be the most important signal transduction pathway in melanoma, and alterations in this pathway via various genetic mutations, such as BRAF and NRAS mutations, are known to be important drivers of melanomagenesis ... Full text Link to item Cite

BRAF in melanoma: current strategies and future directions.

Journal Article Clin Cancer Res · August 15, 2013 Selective BRAF inhibitors have now been established as a standard of care option for patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma whose tumors carry a BRAF mutation. Their successful development represents a milestone in the treatment of this disease, and h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasma cytokine analysis in patients with advanced extremity melanoma undergoing isolated limb infusion.

Journal Article Ann Surg Oncol · April 2013 BACKGROUND: Preprocedure clinical and pathologic factors have failed to consistently differentiate complete response (CR) from progressive disease (PD) in patients after isolated limb infusion (ILI) with melphalan for unresectable in-transit extremity mela ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trametinib (GSK1120212) in the treatment of melanoma.

Journal Article Expert Opin Pharmacother · April 2013 INTRODUCTION: The discovery of somatic mutations in melanoma has advanced our knowledge of the biology of the disease. The mutations, such as those in NRAS, BRAF, GNAQ and GNA11, promote the growth of melanoma cells in most part through the mitogen-activat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hazard-rate analysis and patterns of recurrence in early stage melanoma: moving towards a rationally designed surveillance strategy.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2013 BACKGROUND: While curable at early stages, few treatment options exist for advanced melanoma. Currently, no consensus exists regarding the optimal surveillance strategy for patients after resection. The objectives of this study were to identify patterns of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Evolving pharmacotherapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.

Journal Article Clin Med Insights Oncol · 2013 Metastatic melanoma remains a difficult disease to treat, and long term survivors are rare. Over the past few years, however, breakthroughs in both immunotherapy as well as targeted agents have had a tremendous impact on patients diagnosed with this diseas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phase II study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in advanced melanoma (CALGB 500104).

Journal Article J Transl Med · December 10, 2012 BACKGROUND: Multiple farnesylated proteins are involved in signal transduction in cancer. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) have been developed as a strategy to inhibit the function of these proteins. As FTIs inhibit proliferation of melanoma cell line ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of metastatic site and decade of diagnosis on the individual burden of metastatic melanoma: contemporary estimates of average years of life lost.

Journal Article Cancer Invest · November 2012 OBJECTIVES: Metastatic melanoma (MM) is a leading cause of years of life lost due to malignancy. This study aimed to identify the average years of life lost (AYLL) in MM patients. METHODS: MM patients were identified from a prospectively maintained databas ... Full text Link to item Cite

A multicenter prospective evaluation of the clinical utility of F-18 FDG-PET/CT in patients with AJCC stage IIIB or IIIC extremity melanoma.

Journal Article Ann Surg · August 2012 OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: There is a high risk of relapse in stage IIIB/IIIC melanoma. The utility of 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography integrated with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in these patients to evaluate response ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4.

Journal Article Clin Cancer Res · July 15, 2011 Cancer immunotherapy relies on the ability of the immune system to target tumor-specific antigens to generate an immune response. This initial response requires both binding of the MHC/antigen peptide to T-cell receptor complex, along with a second costimu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Personalized treatment of lung cancer.

Journal Article Semin Oncol · April 2011 Lung cancer is a heterogenous group of disorders, and a difficult disease to treat. The traditional approach of surgical resection for early-stage disease, potentially followed by chemotherapy, as well chemotherapy (with or without radiation) in later stag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mind-mapping for lung cancer: towards a personalized therapeutics approach.

Journal Article Adv Ther · March 2011 There were over 220,000 people diagnosed with lung cancer and over 160,000 people dying of lung cancer during 2010 alone in the United States. In order to arrive at better control, prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutics for lung cancer, we must be able to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proteomic characterization of non-small cell lung cancer in a comprehensive translational thoracic oncology database.

Journal Article J Clin Bioinforma · February 28, 2011 BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been tremendous growth and interest in translational research, particularly in cancer biology. This area of study clearly establishes the connection between laboratory experimentation and practical human application. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preparation of antibodies and development of an enzyme immunoassay for determination of atrazine in environmental samples.

Journal Article J Environ Sci Health B · 2011 An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed and optimized for atrazine determination in soil at different depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) before and after 48 h of application, corn shoot and cow milk samples coll ... Full text Link to item Cite

MET and phosphorylated MET as potential biomarkers in lung cancer.

Journal Article J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol · 2011 This study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic role of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET, phosphorylated MET, and the ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in patients with lung cancer. This retrospective study included 129 patients with non- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomarkers in lung cancer: from early detection to novel therapeutics and decision making.

Journal Article Biomark Med · December 1, 2008 Lung cancer remains a significant cause of mortality worldwide. While advances in therapy continue to be made, the overall prognosis for patients diagnosed with lung cancer remains poor. Historically, markers such as age, performance status and disease sta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Market basket survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables.

Journal Article Food Chem Toxicol · August 2006 A market basket survey was carried out with the aim to assess the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in various fruits and vegetables sold in Egyptian markets. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to estimate and evaluate the l ... Full text Link to item Cite