Scholars@Duke
Harris M. Cooper

Harris M. Cooper CV

Hugo L. Blomquist Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Neuroscience
Psychology & Neuroscience
cooperh@duke.edu
Duke Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0086
417 Chapel Drive, 108 Reuben-Cooke Building, Durham, NC 27708-0086
CV

Selected Publications

Opening editorial 2022.

Journal Article The American psychologist · January 2022 In this editorial, the author gives voice to three principles that he hopes will influence the articles that appear in American Psychologist: The scholarship should be rigorous, it should attend to both basic and applied considerations, and authors ... Full text Cite

A meta-analysis on the impact of grades and comments on academic motivation and achievement: a case for written feedback

Journal Article Educational Psychology · January 1, 2021 This research synthesis examined the impact of grades, comments, and no performance feedback on academic motivation and achievement in elementary and secondary school. Four meta-analyses were conducted, with two each exploring the impact of (a) grades vers ... Full text Cite

Intent of reporting standards: Reply to Rossiter (2018).

Journal Article The American psychologist · October 2018 In this reply to Rossiter (2018), we note that the goal of developing Journal Article Reporting Standards has been to specify the kinds of information that should be provided to the readers of scientific articles in order to allow maximal understanding of ... Full text Cite

"Journal article reporting standards for quantitative research in psychology: The APA Publications and Communications Board Task Force Report": Correction to Appelbaum et al. (2018).

Journal Article The American psychologist · October 2018 Reports an error in "Journal article reporting standards for quantitative research in psychology: The APA Publications and Communications Board task force report" by Mark Appelbaum, Harris Cooper, Rex B. Kline, Evan Mayo-Wilson, Arthur M. Nezu and Stephen ... Full text Cite

Journal article reporting standards for quantitative research in psychology: The APA Publications and Communications Board task force report.

Journal Article The American psychologist · January 2018 Following a review of extant reporting standards for scientific publication, and reviewing 10 years of experience since publication of the first set of reporting standards by the American Psychological Association (APA; APA Publications and Communications ... Full text Cite

Self-grading and peer-grading for formative and summative assessments in 3rd through 12th grade classrooms: A meta-analysis

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · November 1, 2017 The "assessment for learning" movement in education has increased attention to self-grading and peer-grading practices in primary and secondary schools. This research synthesis examined several questions pertaining to the use of self-grading and peer-gradi ... Full text Cite

Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis: A Step-by-Step Approach, 5th Edition

Book · 2017 The Fifth Edition of Harris Cooper's bestselling Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis: A Step-by-Step Approach offers practical advice on how to conduct a synthesis of research in the social, behavioral, and health sciences. The book is written in plain la ... Link to item Cite

Ethical Choices in Research: Managing Data, Writing Reports, and Publishing Results in the Social Sciences

Book · January 25, 2016 In this informative and straightforward guide, author Harris Cooper goes beyond the proper treatment of human research subjects to examine frequently neglected ethical issues that arise after the subjects have left. He teaches students and researchers how ... Link to item Cite

Reporting standards for literature searches and report inclusion criteria: making research syntheses more transparent and easy to replicate.

Journal Article Research synthesis methods · March 2015 A complete description of the literature search, including the criteria used for the inclusion of reports after they have been located, used in a research synthesis or meta-analysis is critical if subsequent researchers are to accurately evaluate and repro ... Full text Open Access Cite

A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems on K-12 students' mathematical learning

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · November 1, 2013 In this study, we meta-analyzed empirical research of the effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) on K-12 students' mathematical learning. A total of 26 reports containing 34 independent samples met study inclusion criteria. The reports appeare ... Full text Cite

The overview of reviews: unique challenges and opportunities when research syntheses are the principal elements of new integrative scholarship.

Journal Article The American psychologist · September 2012 In the past two decades, a new form of scholarship has appeared in which researchers present an overview of previously conducted research syntheses on the same topic. In these efforts, research syntheses are the principal units of evidence. Overviews of re ... Full text Cite

APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology

Book · March 15, 2012 The three-volume APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology features descriptions of many techniques that psychologists and others have developed to help them pursue a shared understanding of why humans think, feel, and behave the way they do. At the ... Link to item Cite

Ethical Issues in the Conduct and Reporting of Meta-Analysis

Chapter · January 2011 A research synthesis focuses on empirical studies and attempts to summarize past research by drawing overall conclusions from separate studies that address the same or related hypotheses. The research synthesist’s goal is “to present the state of knowledge ... Open Access Link to item Cite

Homework

Chapter · 2011 Cite

Reporting Research in Psychology: How to Meet Journal Article Reporting Standards

Book · December 1, 2010 Reporting Research in Psychology provides practical guidance on understanding and implementing journal article reporting standards (JARS) and meta-analyses reporting standards (MARS). Described for the first time in the sixth edition of the Publication Man ... Link to item Cite

The Effectiveness and Relative Importance of Choice in the Classroom

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · November 1, 2010 This investigation examined the effects of providing choices among homework assignments on motivation and subsequent academic performance. Students were randomly assigned within classrooms either to receive a choice of homework options or to be assigned an ... Full text Cite

Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · April 2010 OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of aerobic exercise training on neurocognitive performance. Although the effects of exercise on neurocognition have been the subject of several previous reviews and meta-analyses, they have been hampered by methodological ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A method for evaluating research syntheses: The quality, conclusions, and consensus of 12 syntheses of the effects of after-school programs.

Journal Article Research synthesis methods · January 2010 Like all forms of empirical inquiry, research syntheses can be carried out in ways that lead to more or less valid inferences about the phenomenon under study. This synthesis of syntheses (a) examined the methods employed in the syntheses of the effects of ... Full text Cite

Effects of full-day kindergarten on academic achievement and social development

Journal Article Review of Educational Research · January 1, 2010 A meta-analysis found that attending full-day (or all-day) kindergarten had a positive association with academic achievement (compared to half-day kindergarten) equal to about one quarter standard deviation at the end of the kindergarten year. But the asso ... Full text Cite

Extending the school day or school year: A systematic review of research (1985-2009)

Journal Article Review of Educational Research · January 1, 2010 Attention has been directed toward extended school time as a measure to improve academic achievement. The school year and day length have varied over time and across localities depending on the particular needs of the community. Proponents argue that exten ... Full text Cite

Homework

Chapter · September 15, 2009 Cite

The Relative Benefits of Meta-Analysis Conducted With Individual Participant Data Versus Aggregated Data

Journal Article Psychological Methods · June 1, 2009 The authors describe the relative benefits of conducting meta-analyses with (a) individual participant data (IPD) gathered from the constituent studies and (b) aggregated data (AD), or the group-level statistics (in particular, effect sizes) that appear in ... Full text Cite

Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis: A Step-by-Step Approach, 4th Edition

Book · May 7, 2009 Offering practical advice on how to conduct a synthesis of research in the social, behavioral, and medical sciences, the Fourth Edition of Harris Cooper bestselling text is invaluable to both first-time literature reviewers and experts looking for lucid di ... Link to item Cite

The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis, 2nd Edition

Book · February 5, 2009 When the first edition of The Handbook of Research Synthesis was published in 1994, it quickly became the definitive reference for researchers conducting meta-analyses of existing research in both the social and biological sciences. In this fully revised s ... Link to item Cite

The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis, 2nd Edition

Book · February 5, 2009 When the first edition of The Handbook of Research Synthesis was published in 1994, it quickly became the definitive reference for researchers conducting meta-analyses of existing research in both the social and biological sciences. In this fully revised s ... Link to item Cite

Reporting Standards for Research in Psychology: Why Do We Need Them? What Might They Be?

Journal Article American Psychologist · December 1, 2008 In anticipation of the impending revision of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, APA's Publications and Communications Board formed the Working Group on Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) and charged it to provide the ... Full text Cite

The search for meaningful ways to express the effects of interventions

Journal Article Child Development Perspectives · December 1, 2008 Researchers often describe the quantitative effects of interventions using terms related to their magnitude (e.g., large, small) and practical impact (e.g., promising, significant). This article describes some of these efforts. It suggests that providing s ... Full text Cite

Meta-analysis

Chapter · August 29, 2008 Link to item Cite

Research synthesis and meta-analysis

Chapter · August 27, 2008 As the volume of primary research across all fields of social science continues to grow at rapid rates, research synthesis has become more important today than at any other time in history. With the development of metaanalysis, a set of procedures for summ ... Link to item Cite

Homework

Chapter · August 2008 Link to item Cite

A Systematic and Transparent Approach for Assessing the Methodological Quality of Intervention Effectiveness Research: The Study Design and Implementation Assessment Device (Study DIAD)

Journal Article Psychological Methods · June 1, 2008 Assessments of studies meant to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, programs, and policies can serve an important role in the interpretation of research results. However, evidence suggests that available quality assessment tools have poor measurem ... Full text Cite

The Effects of Choice on Intrinsic Motivation and Related Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Research Findings

Journal Article Psychological Bulletin · March 1, 2008 A meta-analysis of 41 studies examined the effect of choice on intrinsic motivation and related outcomes in a variety of settings with both child and adult samples. Results indicated that providing choice enhanced intrinsic motivation, effort, task perform ... Full text Cite

Conducting a meta-analysis

Chapter · February 25, 2008 Link to item Cite

Parent involvement in homework: A research synthesis

Journal Article Review of Educational Research · January 1, 2008 New emphasis is being placed on the importance of parent involvement in children's education. In a synthesis of research on the effects of parent involvement in homework, a meta-analysis of 14 studies that manipulated parent training for homework involveme ... Full text Cite

Homework

Chapter · December 30, 2007 Link to item Cite

Bob Dylan

Chapter · April 13, 2007 Link to item Cite

Evaluating and Interpreting Research Syntheses in Adult Learning and Literacy

Other · January 2007 This occasional paper introduces the methods of research synthesis and meta-analysis to researchers and consumers of research in the field of adult learning and literacy. To begin, the first section of the paper defines key terms and offers a brief history ... Open Access Link to item Cite

The Battle Over Homework: Common Ground for Administrators, Teachers, and Parents, 3rd Edition

Book · November 10, 2006 Does homework work? Homework is the cause of more friction between school and home than any other aspect of education and becomes the prime battlefield when schools, families, and communities view one another as adversaries. This comprehensive third editio ... Link to item Cite

Does homework improve academic achievement? A synthesis of research, 1987-2003

Journal Article Review of Educational Research · January 1, 2006 In this article, research conducted in the United States since 1987 on the effects of homework is summarized. Studies are grouped into four research designs. The authors found that all studies, regardless of type, had design flaws. However, both within and ... Full text Cite

Conducting a meta-analysis

Chapter · September 8, 2005 Link to item Cite

Homework hotlines: Recommendations for successful practice

Journal Article Theory into Practice · June 1, 2004 It is common for students to have difficulty completing homework in a timely and accurate manner. Many school districts and organizations offer homework hotlines to help students complete assignments. However, educators lack a clear description of what is ... Full text Cite

The relation between self-beliefs and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review

Journal Article Educational Psychologist · March 1, 2004 There has been extensive debate among scholars and practitioners concerning whether self-beliefs influence academic achievement. To address this question, findings of longitudinal studies investigating the relation between self-beliefs and achievement were ... Full text Open Access Cite

Meta-analysis

Chapter · 2004 Cite

Psychological Bulletin: Editorial.

Journal Article Psychological Bulletin · January 2003 Full text Open Access Cite

The Department of Education’s What Works Clearinghouse Study Design and Implementation Assessment Device: Version 1.0

Journal Article The Department of Education’s What Works Clearinghouse Study Design and Implementation Assessment Device: Version 1.0 · 2003 Open Access Cite

Cues to deception.

Journal Article Psychological bulletin · January 1, 2003 Do people behave differently when they are lying compared with when they are telling the truth? The combined results of 1,338 estimates of 158 cues to deception are reported. Results show that in some ways, liars are less forthcoming than truth tellers, an ... Open Access Cite

Grey literature in meta-analyses.

Journal Article Nursing research · January 1, 2003 BACKGROUND: In meta-analysis, researchers combine the results of individual studies to arrive at cumulative conclusions. Meta-analysts sometimes include "grey literature" in their evidential base, which includes unpublished studies and studies published ou ... Full text Cite

The effects of modified school calendars on student achievement and on school and community attitudes

Journal Article Review of Educational Research · January 1, 2003 This review synthesizes studies of the effects of modifying the academic calendar in Grades K-12 to do away with the long summer break while not increasing the length of the school year. The synthesis indicated that the quality of evidence on modified cale ... Full text Cite

Effectiveness of Mentoring Programs for Youth: A Meta-Analytic Review

Journal Article American Journal of Community Psychology · December 1, 2002 We used meta-analysis to review 55 evaluations of the effects of mentoring programs on youth. Overall, findings provide evidence of only a modest or small benefit of program participation for the average youth. Program effects are enhanced significantly, h ... Full text Open Access Cite

Homework

Chapter · November 14, 2002 Link to item Cite

A brief history of research synthesis

Journal Article Evaluation and the Health Professions · February 28, 2002 Science is supposed to be cumulative, but scientists only rarely cumulate evidence scientifically. This means that users of research evidence have to cope with a plethora of reports of individual studies with no systematic attempt made to present new resul ... Full text Open Access Cite

Out-of-school activities and academic achievement: The mediating role of self-beliefs

Journal Article Educational Psychologist · January 1, 2002 The ways students spend their out-of-school hours can affect their achievement. We present a theoretical analysis of this process. We describe out-of-school activities along two primary dimensions: (a) the extent to which they are related to academic mater ... Full text Cite

Interventions to increase physical activity among aging adults: A meta-analysis

Journal Article Annals of Behavioral Medicine · January 1, 2002 Objectives: This review applied meta-analytic procedures to integrate primary research findings that test interventions to increase activity among aging adults. Methods: We performed extensive literature searching strategies and located published and unpub ... Full text Cite

Homework for all - In moderation

Journal Article Educational Leadership · April 1, 2001 Research on the effects of homework suggests that it is beneficial as long as teachers use their knowledge of developmental levels to guide policies and expectations. ... Cite

A model of homework’s influence on the performance evaluations of elementary school students

Journal Article Journal of Experimental Education · January 1, 2001 This study was the first to test a model of the influence of homework on classroom performance using a sample of elementary school students. A total of 28 teachers in Grades 2 and 4 took part in the study, along with 428 students and parents. The authors u ... Full text Cite

Interpersonal expectancy effects and the preference for consistency.

Journal Article Representative Research in Social Psychology · 2001 Cite

Using research to answer practical questions about homework

Journal Article Educational Psychologist · January 1, 2001 The article begins with a presentation of reasons for the minimal influence of homework research, and educational research in general, on policy and practice. We propose that the practical use of research is hampered by the complexity of real-world setting ... Full text Cite

Making the Most of Summer School - A Meta-Analytic and Narrative Review Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

Book · February 8, 2000 Summer schools serve multiple purposes for students, families, educators, and communities. The current demand for summer programs is driven by changes in American families and by calls for an educational system that is competitive globally and embodies hig ... Link to item Cite

Homework in the Home: How Student, Family, and Parenting-Style Differences Relate to the Homework Process

Journal Article Contemporary Educational Psychology · January 1, 2000 Parents (n = 709) were surveyed about involvement in their child's homework. A factor analysis revealed three dimensions of homework involvement similar to those found in more general studies of parenting style. These dimensions are autonomy support, direc ... Full text Cite

Effect of students’ after-school activities on teachers’ academic expectancies

Journal Article Contemporary Educational Psychology · January 1, 2000 Teacher expectancies can have an impact on students’ academic achievement. These expectancies can be based on diverse student characteristics, only one of which is past academic performance. The present study investigated three student individual differenc ... Full text Cite

Homework and achievement: Explaining the different strengths of relation at the elementary and secondary school levels

Journal Article Social Psychology of Education · January 1, 1999 Four explanations were tested for why the correlation between homework and achievement is weaker in elementary school than secondary school. Eighty-two teachers answered questions about their homework practices, and their responses were related to their st ... Full text Cite

Relationships between five after-school activities and academic achievement

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · January 1, 1999 Four hundred twenty-four students in Grades 6 through 12 and 1 parent of each completed a questionnaire concerning student participation in 5 types of after-school activities: homework, television viewing, extracurricular activities, other types of structu ... Full text Cite

Relationships among Attitudes about Homework, Amount of Homework Assigned and Completed, and Student Achievement

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · January 1, 1998 Students (n = 709), parents, and teachers (n = 82) completed a questionnaire concerning amount of homework assigned by teachers, portion of assignments completed by students, and attitudes about homework. Student achievement measures were also collected. W ... Full text Cite

Social psychology textbook citations: Changes across a decade.

Journal Article Contemporary Social Psychology · 1998 Cite

The Happy Personality: A Meta-Analysis of 137 Personality Traits and Subjective Well-Being

Journal Article Psychological Bulletin · January 1, 1998 This meta-analysis used 9 literature search strategies to examine 137 distinct personality constructs as correlates of subjective well-being (SWB). Personality was found to be equally predictive of life satisfaction, happiness, and positive affect, but sig ... Full text Cite

Finding the Missing Science: The Fate of Studies Submitted for Review by a Human Subjects Committee

Journal Article Psychological Methods · January 1, 1997 Publication bias, including prejudice against the null hypothesis, and other biasing filters may operate on researchers as well as journal editors and reviewers. A survey asked 33 psychology researchers to describe the fate of 159 studies approved by their ... Full text Open Access Cite

Individual differences and attitudes toward rape: A meta-analytic review

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · January 1, 1997 An overview discusses (a) the importance of rape attitudes, (b) the major rape attitude measures, and (c) the applicability of four theoretical frameworks of hostility toward women to rape attitude maintenance. Findings from 72 studies of rape attitudes an ... Full text Cite

The accuracy-confidence correlation in the detection of deception

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Review · January 1, 1997 A meta-analysis was conducted of research on the relation between judges' accuracy at detecting deception and their confidence in their judgments. A total of 18 independent samples revealed an average weighted accuracy-confidence correlation of .04, a rela ... Full text Cite

The effects of summer vacation on achievement test scores: A narrative and meta-analytic review

Journal Article Review of Educational Research · January 1, 1996 A review of 39 studies indicated that achievement test scores decline over summer vacation. The results of the 13 most recent studies were combined using meta-analytic procedures. The meta-analysis indicated that the summer loss equaled about one month on ... Full text Cite

Narrative Versus Meta-Analytic Reviews: A Rejoinder to Graham’s Comment

Journal Article Review of Educational Research · January 1, 1995 We examine Graham’s (1995) concerns about meta-analysis regarding (a) the use of poor-quality studies and (b) an overemphasis on quantitative comparisons of substantively disparate literatures. First, many meta-analysts eschew making questionable global ju ... Full text Open Access Cite

Race Comparisons on Need for Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Alternative to Graham’s Narrative Review

Journal Article Review of Educational Research · January 1, 1995 A box score review conducted by Graham (1994) concluded that no difference existed between Blacks and Whites on measures of need for achievement. A meta-analysis reported in this article using the same research base revealed reliable and complex race diffe ... Full text Open Access Cite

Teenage motherhood, mother-only households, and teacher expectations

Journal Article Journal of Experimental Education · January 1, 1995 In two studies, the authors examined teachers’ academic expectations for students who differed by (a) racial group (Anglo-American vs. African American), (b) gender, (c) SES, (d) parental structure (2-parent vs. mother-only families), and (e) whether or no ... Full text Cite

Putting to Rest Some Old Notions About Social Science

Journal Article American Psychologist · January 1, 1995 Full text Cite

Meta-Analysis for Explanation: A Casebook

Book · September 15, 1994 Social science research often yields conflicting results: Does juvenile delinquent rehabilitation work? Is teenage pregnancy prevention effective? In an effort to improve the value of research for shaping social policy, social scientists are increasingly e ... Link to item Cite

Meta-Analysis for Explanation: A Casebook

Book · September 15, 1994 Social science research often yields conflicting results: Does juvenile delinquent rehabilitation work? Is teenage pregnancy prevention effective? In an effort to improve the value of research for shaping social policy, social scientists are increasingly e ... Link to item Cite

Homework for students with learning disabilities: the implications of research for policy and practice.

Journal Article Journal of learning disabilities · January 1, 1994 The literature on homework for students with learning disabilities is reviewed. First, a summary of Cooper's (1989a) synthesis of research on homework for students without disabilities is presented, including (a) a definition of homework, (b) a model of th ... Full text Cite

Children and hospitalization: Putting the new reviews in methodological context

Journal Article Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics · January 1, 1993 Open Access Cite

Social activity and subjective well-being

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · January 1, 1992 Social activity has been identified as one of the most consistent predictors of peoples' subjective reports of happiness. Recent research has examined factors that influence this relationship, including personality moderators and distinctions among types o ... Full text Cite

Testing the null hypothesis in meta-anatysis: a comparison of combined probability and confidence interval procedures

Journal Article Psychological Bulletin · January 1, 1992 Combined significance tests (combined p values) and tests of the weighted mean effect size are both used to combine information across studies in meta-analysis. This article compares a combined significance test (the Stouffer test) with a test based on the ... Cite

Personality Moderators of the Experimenter Expectancy Effect: A Reexamination of Five Hypotheses

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · October 1991 Researchers examining personality moderators of experimenter expectancy effects have focused on five hypotheses. Experimenters with stronger interpersonal control orientations, more positively evaluated interpersonal interaction styles, and greate ... Full text Cite

Meta-Analysis of Factor Analyses: An Illustration Using the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · June 1991 Among the many topics considered by meta-analysts, one that has received relatively little attention is the statistical integration of multivariate outcome data. This article focuses on a procedure proposed by Kaiser that has been used to integrat ... Full text Cite

On the Role of Meta-Analysis in Personality and Social Psychology

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · June 1991 An examination of the frequency with which meta-analyses appear in the sub disciplines of psychology reveals that educational psychology and psychotherapy have produced the most meta-analyses, with social psychology not far behind. Several concern ... Full text Cite

Do Students with Different Characteristics Take Part in Psychology Experiments at Different Times of the Semester?

Journal Article Journal of Personality · January 1, 1991 ABSTRACT In this study we examined 15 personality and demographic differences between psychology students who took part in experiments at different times of the semester and different times of the day. In general, few significant relations were found and t ... Full text Cite

Homework

Journal Article Feelings and their medical significance · 1991 Cite

Moving beyond meta-analysis

Chapter · June 28, 1990 In a meta-analysis prepared especially for this volume, a statistician and a psychologist review the existing literature on aphasia treatment. ... Link to item Cite

Effects of alcohol on human aggression: An integrative research review

Journal Article Psychological Bulletin · January 1, 1990 This review used quantitative and qualitative techniques to integrate the alcohol and aggression literature. The primary purpose of the review was to determine if a causal relation exists between alcohol and aggression. The main meta-analysis included 30 e ... Cite

Marital Satisfaction in Remarriage: A Meta-Analysis

Journal Article Journal of Marriage and the Family · August 1989 Full text Cite

Homework

Book · February 1989 "Homework has been a popular topic among education critics and would-be school reformers in recent years. Comparisons of American schooling practices with those of Europe or Japan frequently conclude that American students do not do enough homework, and ca ... Cite

Does Reducing Student-to-instructor Ratios Affect Achievement?

Journal Article Educational Psychologist · January 1, 1989 Chapter 1 compensatory programs are designed to help educate low-achieving students from low-income families. One effect of the programs is that they reduce the instructor-to-student ratio in Chapter 1 classrooms. Reduced ratios mean compensatory education ... Full text Cite

Influences on the Outcome of Literature Searches for Integrative Research Reviews

Journal Article Knowledge · January 1, 1989 Three influences on the outcomes of literature searches undertaken as part of integrative research reviews were examined: (1) the degree of expertise of the searcher; (2) the amount of information available (i.e., keywords, bibliographics, abstracts), and ... Full text Cite

Synthesis of research on homework

Journal Article Educational Leadership · 1989 The debate over whether homework serves a useful purpose is presented. Recent studies show that grade level has a dramatic influence on homework's effectiveness and that homework is less effective than in-class study. ... Link to item Cite

Organizing knowledge syntheses: A taxonomy of literature reviews

Journal Article Knowledge in Society · March 1, 1988 A taxonomy of literature reviews in education and psychology is presented. The taxonomy categorizes reviews according to: (a) focus; (b) goal; (c) perspective; (d) coverage; (e) organization; and (f) audience. The seven winners of the American Educational ... Full text Cite

Personality Moderators of Interpersonal Expectancy Effects: An Integrative Research Review

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · January 1, 1988 We used both quantitative and descriptive procedures to summarize the results of studies examining personality moderators of interpersonal expectancy effects. Five hypotheses associated with this research were identified. Three of these hypotheses specify ... Full text Cite

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Family Therapies: An Integrative Review and Analysis

Journal Article Psychological Bulletin · January 1, 1987 A number of previous reviews of studies evaluating the effectiveness of family therapy have varied in their conclusions. This review is the first attempt at an integrated statistical analysis of family therapy effectiveness research. Family therapy was fou ... Full text Cite

Literature-Searching Strategies of Integrative Research Reviewers: A First Survey

Journal Article Knowledge · January 1, 1986 A survey was conducted of 57 authors of recently published integrative research reviews in psychology and education. The survey concerned (a) the authors' background, (b) literature coverage goals, (c) literature searching strategies, and (d) citation prac ... Full text Cite

The Effect of Student Background on Teacher Performance Attributions: Evidence for Counterdefensive Patterns and Low Expectancy Cycles

Journal Article Basic and Applied Social Psychology · January 1, 1986 Professional teachers' attributions for the performance of six students who varied in social class (middle vs. lower), race (white vs. Asian-American), and gender were compared. Teachers provided open-ended responses to questions soliciting the causes of s ... Full text Cite

Teacher Expectation Research: A Review with Implications for Classroom Instruction

Journal Article The Elementary School Journal · September 1984 Full text Cite

Influences of student background and teacher authoritarianism on teacher expectations

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · April 1, 1984 Asked 25 White elementary school teachers to predict the academic grades and occupational attainment of 6 students: a middle-class White boy; a middle-class White girl; a lower-class White boy; a lower-class White girl; a middle-class Asian boy; and a midd ... Full text Cite

Correlates of children's television viewing: Expectancies, age, and sex

Journal Article Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · January 1, 1984 The relationship of interpersonal trust and locus of control expectancies to amounts of television viewing and viewing preferences were examined among children in grades five through eight. Age and sex differences in viewing times, preferences, and viewing ... Full text Cite

Methodology as the depository of social facts

Journal Article Contemporary Social Psychology · 1984 Cite

The effect of class placement on the social adjustment of mentally retarded children

Journal Article Journal of Research and Development in Education · 1984 Cite

Locus of control and academic achievement: A literature review

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · February 1, 1983 A literature review on the relationship between locus of control (LOC) and academic achievement revealed that more internal beliefs are associated with greater academic achievement and that the magnitude of this relation is small to medium. Characteristics ... Full text Cite

Locus of control and academic achievement: A literature review.

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 1983 Full text Cite

The relation of children’s television viewing to school achievement and I.Q

Journal Article Journal of Educational Research · January 1, 1983 The relationships between television viewing behavior and school achievement were examined in a sample of fifth through eighth grade children. Results suggest that in this sample: A) children whose parents set rules for watching television did better in sc ... Full text Cite

Children's television viewing and school achievement and I.Q.

Journal Article Journal of Educational Research · 1983 Cite

Statistical synthesis of research literatures

Journal Article Contemporary Psychology · 1983 Cite

The relation between locus of control and achievement

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 1983 Cite

Relations between student achievement and various indexes of teacher expectations

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · August 1, 1982 13 3rd-6th grade teachers provided reading-expectation measures of their students. These measures were compared to the students' January and May scores on the Reading Comprehension subtest of the Iowa Test of Basic Skills and the Mastery Reading subtest of ... Full text Cite

Expected effect sizes: Estimates for statistical power analysis in social psychology

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · 1982 Cite

Scientific guidelines for conducting integrative research reviews

Journal Article Review of Educational Research · 1982 Cite

Teacher attributions of student performance: Effects of outcome

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · 1982 Cite

Introductory Social Psychology Textbook Citations

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · March 1981 The research paradigm characteristics of studies in introductory social psychology texts were examined. Two chapters covering each of five topic areas (altruism, aggression, attitude change, attraction, and conformity) were chosen from nine of the ... Full text Cite

Gender differences in the academic locus of control beliefs of young children

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · March 1, 1981 Conducted a statistical combination on past research examining gender differences in the locus of control beliefs of elementary school children. The review revealed that 235 females tended to score more internally than 200 males in total- and failure-outco ... Full text Cite

A comparison of introductory social psychology textbook citations in five research areas

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · 1981 Cite

On quantitative reviewing

Journal Article Journal of Personality · 1981 Cite

On the significance of effects and the effects of significance

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · January 1, 1981 Discusses 3 issues in applying and interpreting effect-size (ES) estimation in psychological research. First, criteria for choosing an appropriate ES metric and the advisability of adopting a single ES (PV, or the percent of shared variance) for all resear ... Full text Cite

Classroom interaction as a function of teacher expectations, student sex, and time of year

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · June 1, 1980 Examined classroom interaction patterns between male and female pupils perceived by their teachers to be either high or low achievers. Observational data were collected in 16 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-grade classrooms at 3 distinct times in the school year. Thre ... Full text Cite

Teachers' beliefs about interaction control and their observed behavioral correlates

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · June 1, 1980 A teacher's perception of control over interactions with pupils has been suggested as a possible mediator of the expectation communication process. The present study tested some predictions based on this line of reasoning, with both between- and within-cla ... Full text Cite

Gender differences in learning control beliefs of young children

Journal Article Evaluation in Education · January 1, 1980 Full text Cite

A comparison of statistical and traditional procedures for summarising research

Journal Article Evaluation in Education · January 1, 1980 Full text Cite

The desirability of control

Journal Article Motivation and Emotion · December 1, 1979 The psychological construct of desirability of control was related to several theoretical statements (e.g., Kelley, 1971; White, 1959) and areas of current research (e.g., Glass & Singer, 1972; Deci, 1975) in psychology. A scale designed to measure individ ... Full text Cite

Some effects of preperformance information on academic expectations

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · June 1, 1979 Examined the effects of record-card-type information on performance expectations, using 124 university students. It was found that expectations based solely on preobservational information (i.e., standardized tests, previous teachers, family, and physical ... Full text Cite

Academic expectations, attributed responsibility, and teachers' reinforcement behavior: A suggested integration of conflicting literatures

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · April 1, 1979 Replies to W.-U. Meyer's criticisms of the methodology of the present authors' study of teacher performance expectations and reinforcement behavior. Several counter-arguments are presented, and an integrative interpretation of the conflicting feedback lite ... Full text Cite

A systematic replication of the Weiner model for predicting evaluative feedback

Journal Article Replications in Social Psychology · 1979 Cite

Statistically combining independent studies: A meta-analysis of sex differences in conformity research

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · January 1, 1979 Compares traditional (literary) reviews of research in social psychology with a statistical approach. It is concluded on both abstract and practical grounds that adoption of the statistical approach would lead to theoretical progress for the research area ... Full text Cite

CATEGORIZING OPEN-ENDED ACADEMIC ATTRIBUTIONS - REPLICATION OF EARLIER FINDINGS

Journal Article PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN · January 1, 1978 Link to item Cite

Academic expectations and attributed responsibility as predictors of professional teachers' reinforcement behavior

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · August 1, 1977 Attribution theory predicts that the more personally responsible an actor is held for an act, the greater the use of reinforcement feedback. R. Rosenthal (1974) predicts high-expectation students receive more reinforcement than other students. In the prese ... Full text Cite

Controlling personal rewards: Professional teachers' differential use of feedback and the effects of feedback on the student's motivation to perform

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · August 1, 1977 Conducted 3 experiments with 104 children in kindergarten, 1st, and 2nd grade to test hypotheses derived from the proposition that teachers criticize low-expectation students in order to control their personal reinforcement schedules. Results show the foll ... Full text Cite

The importance of race and social class information in the formation of expectancies about academic performance

Journal Article Journal of Educational Psychology · April 1, 1975 Studied the perceived locus of control, expected academic performance, and relative importance of 5 causal factors (ability, effort, luck, task difficulty, and quality of instruction) in the academic performance of a stimulus student. Both the race (Black ... Full text Cite