Scholars@Duke
Eileen Tsai Chambers

Eileen Tsai Chambers

Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Pediatrics, Nephrology

Selected Publications

Modeling BK Virus Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients.

Journal Article Viruses · December 31, 2024 Kidney transplant recipients require a lifelong protocol of immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection. However, these same medications leave them susceptible to opportunistic infections. One pathogen of particular concern is human polyomavirus 1 ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Natural Killer Cell Phenotypes and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.

Journal Article Pediatr Transplant · December 2024 BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells have gained recognition for playing an integral role in both alloimmunity and protective immunity, particularly viral infection control, in solid organ transplantation. Using data from the Clinical Trials in Organ Tran ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acoustofluidic-based therapeutic apheresis system.

Journal Article Nat Commun · August 10, 2024 Therapeutic apheresis aims to selectively remove pathogenic substances, such as antibodies that trigger various symptoms and diseases. Unfortunately, current apheresis devices cannot handle small blood volumes in infants or small animals, hindering the tes ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Comparison of estimated GFR using cystatin C versus creatinine in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.

Journal Article Pediatr Nephrol · July 2024 BACKGROUND: An accurate, rapid estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in kidney transplant patients affords early detection of transplant deterioration and timely intervention. This study compared the performance of serum creatinine (Cr) and cystatin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-HLA Antibodies to G Protein-coupled Receptors in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients: Short- and Long-term Clinical Outcomes.

Journal Article Transplantation · January 1, 2024 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies (AT1R-Abs) and endothelin-type A receptor antibodies (ETAR-Abs) are G protein-coupled receptor activating autoantibodies associated with antibody-mediated rejection, vascular pathology, increased cytoki ... Full text Link to item Cite

An acoustofluidic device for the automated separation of platelet-reduced plasma from whole blood.

Journal Article Microsyst Nanoeng · 2024 Separating plasma from whole blood is an important sample processing technique required for fundamental biomedical research, medical diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. Traditional protocols for plasma isolation require multiple centrifugation steps ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Screening and Management of PTLD.

Journal Article Transplantation · November 1, 2023 Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) represents a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative diseases occurring in the setting of immunosuppression following hematopoietic stem cells transplant and solid organ transplantation. Despite its ove ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aphasia Associated With Acute on Chronic Kidney Failure in an Adolescent.

Journal Article Cureus · November 2023 Acute and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have known neurological associations resulting from uremia, electrolyte disturbances, comorbidities such as hypertension, or other toxin accumulation. Reversible focal neurological deficits are relatively uncommon and ... Full text Link to item Cite

MyKidneyCoach, Patient Activation, and Clinical Outcomes in Diverse Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Randomized Control Pilot Trial.

Journal Article Transplant Direct · April 2023 UNLABELLED: Kidney transplant (KT) recipients who are not actively engaged in their care and lack self-management skills have poor transplant outcomes, which are disproportionately observed among Black KT recipients. This pilot study aimed to determine whe ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized controlled trial of preemptive rituximab to prevent recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis post-kidney transplant (PRI-VENT FSGS): protocol and study design.

Journal Article Front Nephrol · 2023 BACKGROUND: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of end-stage kidney disease requiring kidney transplantation and can recur in the allograft in 30-80% of recipients resulting in reduced graft survival. Plasmapheresis has shown effica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic risk variants for childhood nephrotic syndrome and corticosteroid response.

Journal Article Front Pediatr · 2023 INTRODUCTION: The etiology of most cases of nephrotic syndrome (NS) remains unknown, therefore patients are phenotypically categorized based on response to corticosteroid therapy as steroid sensitive NS (SSNS), or steroid resistant NS (SRNS). Genetic risk ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel Acoustofluidic Apheresis Device for Antibody Removal in a Rodent Model

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION · 2023 Cite

Malnutrition and immune cell subsets in children undergoing kidney transplantation.

Journal Article Pediatr Transplant · December 2022 BACKGROUND: Malnutrition, including obesity and undernutrition, among children is increasing in prevalence and is common among children on renal replacement therapy. The effect of malnutrition on the pre-transplant immune system and how the pediatric immun ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long term tolerability and clinical outcomes associated with tocilizumab in the treatment of refractory antibody mediated rejection (AMR) in pediatric renal transplant recipients.

Conference Clin Transplant · August 2022 BACKGROUND: Treatment options for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) are limited. Recent studies have shown that inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6)/interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling can reduce inflammation and slow AMR progression. METHODS: We report ... Full text Link to item Cite

Review and Evaluation of mHealth Apps in Solid Organ Transplantation: Past, Present, and Future.

Journal Article Transplant Direct · March 2022 UNLABELLED: With the rapid and widespread expansion of smartphone availability and usage, mobile health (mHealth) has become a viable multipurpose treatment medium for the US healthcare system. METHODS: The purpose of this review is to identify posttranspl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epstein-Barr Virus DNAemia and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2022 BACKGROUND: Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients commonly have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNAemia and are at risk of developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). EBV DNAemia has not been analyzed on a continuous scale in this ... Full text Link to item Cite

Undernutrition and Hypoleptinemia Modulate Alloimmunity and CMV-specific Viral Immunity in Transplantation.

Journal Article Transplantation · December 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: Immunological mechanisms linking undernutrition to infection and the alloimmune response are poorly understood in transplantation. We aimed to determine how undernutrition and hypoleptinemia impact T-cell allospecific and cytomegalovirus (CMV) ... Full text Link to item Cite

HLA Loci and Recurrence of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.

Journal Article Transplant Direct · October 2021 UNLABELLED: Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) after kidney transplantation accounts for the majority of allograft failures in children with primary FSGS. Although current research focuses on FSGS pathophysiology, a common etiology and mec ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Relationship between antithymocyte globulin, T cell phenotypes, and clinical outcomes in pediatric kidney transplantation.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · February 2021 Depletional induction using antithymocyte globulin (ATG) reduces rates of acute rejection in adult kidney transplant recipients, yet little is known about its effects in children. Using a longitudinal cohort of 103 patients in the Immune Development in Ped ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endothelin Type A Receptor Antibodies Are Associated With Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antibodies, Vascular Inflammation, and Decline in Renal Function in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.

Journal Article Kidney Int Rep · November 2020 INTRODUCTION: Autoantibody to angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R-Ab) has been recognized as a non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody relevant in transplantation. Endothelin type A receptor antibody (ETAR-Ab) has been strongly associated with AT1R-Ab, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tailored use of belatacept in adolescent kidney transplantation.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · March 2020 Adolescent transplant recipients are at risk for nonadherence, development of de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA), and allograft loss. Belatacept, a selective T cell costimulatory blocker, is associated with reduced dnDSA, improved renal function, and ... Full text Link to item Cite

An age-independent gene signature for monitoring acute rejection in kidney transplantation.

Journal Article Theranostics · 2020 Acute rejection (AR) remains a significant problem that negatively impacts long-term renal allograft survival. Numerous therapies are used to prevent AR that differ by center and recipient age. This variability confounds diagnostic methods. Methods: To dev ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Undernutrition and Hypoleptinemia Modulate Cytomegalovirus Infection

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION · 2020 Cite

Aberrant IgM on T cells: biomarker or pathogenic factor in childhood nephrotic syndrome?

Journal Article Kidney Int · October 2019 Although the pathogenesis of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) remains elusive, multiple epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental studies converge on the common theme of immune dysregulation. Initially, T-cell adaptive immunity was solely emphas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cytokine Profiles Associated With Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antibodies.

Journal Article Kidney Int Rep · April 2019 INTRODUCTION: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibody (AT1R-Ab), is a non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody implicated in poor renal allograft outcomes, although its actions may be mediated through a different pathway than HLA donor-specific antibodie ... Full text Link to item Cite

NK Cells Are Associated with Alloimmune Failure in Transplanted Children.

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION · April 1, 2019 Link to item Cite

Correction to: Recurrence of nephrotic syndrome following kidney transplantation is associated with initial native kidney biopsy findings : A Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium (MWPNC) study.

Journal Article Pediatr Nephrol · March 2019 The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The subtitle "A Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium (MWPNC) study" was missing. The correct title including subtitle is given above. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation (PACT) Score Identifies High Risk Patients in Pediatric Renal Transplantation.

Journal Article Front Pediatr · 2019 Background: Currently, there is no standardized approach for determining psychosocial readiness in pediatric transplantation. We examined the utility of the Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation (PACT) to identify pediatric kidney trans ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Precision medicine in solid organ transplantation

Chapter · January 1, 2019 Solid organ transplantation remains a limited resource despite an increasing number of patients who require this life saving procedure. Understanding the unique intersection between donor and recipient genomes lies at the core of precision medicine in tran ... Full text Cite

Recurrence of nephrotic syndrome following kidney transplantation is associated with initial native kidney biopsy findings.

Journal Article Pediatr Nephrol · October 2018 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in children. Recurrence of primary disease following tra ... Full text Link to item Cite

T cell Phenotypes Predict Infectious Risk in Transplanted Children.

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION · June 1, 2018 Link to item Cite

Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antibodies are associated with inflammatory cytokines and poor clinical outcomes in pediatric kidney transplantation.

Journal Article Kidney Int · January 2018 Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antibody has been linked to poor allograft outcomes in adult kidney transplantation. However, its clinical consequences in children are unknown. To study this, we examined the relationship of AT1R antibody with clinica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term outcomes of simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients.

Journal Article Pediatr Transplant · November 2017 Pediatric sHKTx has become an effective therapy for patients with combined cardiac and renal failure. Often, these patients develop human leukocyte antigen antibodies from their previous allografts and are therefore more difficult to re-transplant. We desc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship Among Viremia/Viral Infection, Alloimmunity, and Nutritional Parameters in the First Year After Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · June 2017 The Immune Development in Pediatric Transplantation (IMPACT) study was conducted to evaluate relationships among alloimmunity, protective immunity, immune development, physical parameters, and clinical outcome in children undergoing kidney transplantation. ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Clinical Impact of Non-HLA Antibodies in Solid Organ Transplantation.

Journal Article Clin Transpl · 2016 Antibody-mediated rejection in solid organ transplantation is associated with significant organ dysfunction and allograft loss. Donor-specific antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) have been a major focus for research, clinical testing, and th ... Link to item Cite