Scholars@Duke
Elwood Albert Linney

Elwood Albert Linney

Professor Emeritus of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
elwood.linney@duke.edu
Duke Box 3020, Durham, NC 27710
448 Jones Bldg, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Developmental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters DNA methyltransferase (dnmt) expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Toxicol Appl Pharmacol · April 15, 2015 DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications involved in the regulation of gene expression. The DNA methylation reaction is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Recent studies have demonstrated that toxicants can affect nor ... Full text Link to item Cite

The transcriptional response to oxidative stress during vertebrate development: effects of tert-butylhydroquinone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2014 Oxidative stress is an important mechanism of chemical toxicity, contributing to teratogenesis and to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Developing animals may be especially sensitive to chemicals causing oxidative stress. The developmental exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brief embryonic strychnine exposure in zebrafish causes long-term adult behavioral impairment with indications of embryonic synaptic changes.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2012 Zebrafish provide a powerful model of the impacts of embryonic toxicant exposure on neural development that may result in long-term behavioral dysfunction. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with 1.5mM strychnine for short embryonic time windows ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification and characterization of a functional zebrafish smrt corepressor (ncor2).

Journal Article Gene · October 15, 2011 The retinoic acid receptors (RARs or rars) and the thyroid hormone receptors are members of the steroid receptor superfamily that interact with their DNA response elements (for RARs: retinoic acid response elements or RAREs) in the regulatory regions of pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential acetylcholinesterase inhibition of chlorpyrifos, diazinon and parathion in larval zebrafish.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2011 Zebrafish are increasingly used for developmental neurotoxicity testing because early embryonic events are easy to visualize, exposures are done without affecting the mother and the rapid development of zebrafish allows for high throughput testing. We used ... Full text Link to item Cite

Critical duration of exposure for developmental chlorpyrifos-induced neurobehavioral toxicity.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2011 Developmental exposure of rats to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) causes persistent neurobehavioral impairment. In a parallel series of studies with zebrafish, we have also found persisting behavioral dysfunction after developmental CPF exposure. We have ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent behavioral impairment caused by embryonic methylphenidate exposure in zebrafish.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2011 As more adults take the stimulant medication methylphenidate to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) residual type, the risk arises with regard to exposure during early development if people taking the medication become pregnant. We studie ... Full text Link to item Cite

The negative side of retinoic acid receptors.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2011 This is a review of research that supports a hypothesis regarding early restriction of gene expression in the vertebrate embryo. We hypothesize that vertebrate retinoic acid receptors (RARs for several vertebrates but rars for zebrafish) are part of an emb ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene-environment interactions: neurodegeneration in non-mammals and mammals.

Journal Article Neurotoxicology · September 2010 The understanding of how environmental exposures interact with genetics in central nervous system dysfunction has gained great momentum in the last decade. Seminal findings have been uncovered in both mammalian and non-mammalian model in large result of th ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Dynamic zebrafish interactome reveals transcriptional mechanisms of dioxin toxicity.

Journal Article PLoS One · May 5, 2010 BACKGROUND: In order to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) causes toxicity, we analyzed global gene expression changes in developing zebrafish embryos exposed to this potent toxicant in the co ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Zebrafish provide a sensitive model of persisting neurobehavioral effects of developmental chlorpyrifos exposure: comparison with nicotine and pilocarpine effects and relationship to dopamine deficits.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2010 Chlorpyrifos (CPF) an organophosphate pesticide causes persisting behavioral dysfunction in rat models when exposure is during early development. In earlier work zebrafish were used as a complementary model to study mechanisms of CPF-induced neurotoxicity ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dynamic zebrafish interactome reveals transcriptional mechanisms of dioxin toxicity.

Journal Article PloS one · 2010 BACKGROUND: In order to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) causes toxicity, we analyzed global gene expression changes in developing zebrafish embryos exposed to this potent toxicant in the co ... Full text Cite

Silver exposure in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio): persistent effects on larval behavior and survival.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2010 The increased use of silver nanoparticles in consumer and medical products has led to elevated human and environmental exposures. Silver nanoparticles act as antibacterial/antifungal agents by releasing Ag(+) and recent studies show that Ag(+) impairs neur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic aspects of behavioral neurotoxicology.

Journal Article Neurotoxicology · September 2009 Considerable progress has been made over the past couple of decades concerning the molecular bases of neurobehavioral function and dysfunction. The field of neurobehavioral genetics is becoming mature. Genetic factors contributing to neurologic diseases su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antioxidant responses and NRF2 in synergistic developmental toxicity of PAHs in zebrafish.

Journal Article Toxicol Sci · June 2009 Early piscine life stages are sensitive to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, which can cause pericardial effusion and craniofacial malformations. We previously reported that certain combinations of PAHs cause synergistic developmental toxicit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Zebrafish as a model for studying adult effects of challenges to the embryonic nervous system

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 Zebrafish is introduced as a model system to study environmental, chemical, and pharmaceutical challenges to the embryonic nervous system that can affect adult behavior/learning. The characteristics of the zebrafish system that make it possible to examine ... Full text Cite

Retinoid regulation of the zebrafish cyp26a1 promoter.

Journal Article Dev Dyn · December 2008 Cyp26A1 is a major enzyme that controls retinoic acid (RA) homeostasis by metabolizing RA into bio-inactive metabolites. Previous research revealed that the mouse Cyp26A1 promoter has two canonical RA response elements (RAREs) that underlie the regulation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter study of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity reveals the importance of biological endpoints in genomic analyses.

Journal Article Toxicol Sci · September 2007 Gene expression profiling is a widely used technique with data from the majority of published microarray studies being publicly available. These data are being used for meta-analyses and in silico discovery; however, the comparability of toxicogenomic data ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laser-scanning velocimetry: a confocal microscopy method for quantitative measurement of cardiovascular performance in zebrafish embryos and larvae.

Journal Article BMC Biotechnol · July 10, 2007 BACKGROUND: The zebrafish Danio rerio is an important model system for drug discovery and to study cardiovascular development. Using a laser-scanning confocal microscope, we have developed a non-invasive method of measuring cardiac performance in zebrafish ... Full text Link to item Cite

Agrin is required for posterior development and motor axon outgrowth and branching in embryonic zebrafish.

Journal Article Glycobiology · February 2007 Although recent studies have extended our understanding of agrin's function during development, its function in the central nervous system (CNS) is not clearly understood. To address this question, zebrafish agrin was identified and characterized. Zebrafis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Embryonic expression and steroid regulation of brain aromatase cyp19a1b in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Zebrafish · 2007 Estradiol is produced from testosterone by the aromatase gene, cyp19. In the zebrafish Danio rerio, brain aromatase, cyp19a1b, is highly expressed during development. We report the developmental expression pattern of cyp19a1b using whole mount in situ hybr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Omics approaches in the context of environmental toxicology

Conference · January 1, 2006 The goals of this chapter are to 1) introduce genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics technologies; 2) describe the advantages and challenges associated with these approaches compared to traditional methodologies, particularly from the pers ... Cite

Analysis of ALDH1A2, CYP26A1, CYP26B1, CRABP1, and CRABP2 in human neural tube defects suggests a possible association with alleles in ALDH1A2.

Journal Article Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol · November 2005 BACKGROUND: Vitamin A (retinol), in the form of retinoic acid (RA), is essential for normal development of the human embryo. Studies in the mouse and zebrafish have shown that retinol is metabolized in the developing spinal cord and must be maintained in a ... Full text Link to item Cite

SNPs in the neural cell adhesion molecule 1 gene (NCAM1) may be associated with human neural tube defects.

Journal Article Hum Genet · July 2005 Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects, occurring in approximately 1/1,000 births; both genetic and environmental factors are implicated. To date, no major genetic risk factors have been identified. Throughout development, cell adhesion molecu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression of cyp26b1 during zebrafish early development.

Journal Article Gene Expr Patterns · February 2005 We have cloned the zebrafish ortholog of the mammalian cyp26b1 gene. The predicted zebrafish cyp26b1 protein shares greater than 73% identity with mammalian homologues. cDNA transfection assays showed that like human cyp26b1, zebrafish cyp26b1 is involved ... Full text Link to item Cite

Environmental genomics: a key to understanding biology, pathophysiology and disease.

Journal Article Hum Mol Genet · October 1, 2004 Recent advances in human and molecular genetics provide an unparalleled opportunity to understand how genes and genetic changes interact with environmental stimuli to either preserve health or cause disease. The fields of environmental genetics and environ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microarray gene expression profiling during the segmentation phase of zebrafish development.

Journal Article Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol · July 2004 We analyzed 15,512 unique transcripts from wild-type Danio rerio using a long oligonucleotide microarray containing >16,000 65-mers probes. Total RNA was isolated from staged embryos at 2 h intervals over a 24-h period. On average, at any given time point, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feedback mechanisms regulate retinoic acid production and degradation in the zebrafish embryo.

Journal Article Mech Dev · April 2004 Retinoic acid (RA) signaling in vertebrate embryos occurs in a distinct physical and temporal pattern. Regulating this spatial distribution is crucial to the development of the embryo, as RA in excess or in inappropriate tissues is teratogenic. In order to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental chlorpyrifos effects on hatchling zebrafish swimming behavior.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2004 Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate insecticide and potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, interferes with neurobehavioral development. Rat models have been key in demonstrating that developmental CPF exposure causes learning deficits and loc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Zebrafish as a neurotoxicological model.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2004 At a time when common regulatory pathways are being identified in several different species and genomics is beginning to allow comparisons of genes, how they are arranged on chromosomes and how they are regulated, zebrafish has emerged as a valuable and co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Windows into development: historic, current, and future perspectives on transgenic zebrafish.

Journal Article Dev Biol · April 1, 2003 The recent explosion of transgenic zebrafish lines in the literature demonstrates the value of this model system for detailed in vivo analysis of gene regulation and morphogenetic movements. The optical clarity and rapid early development of zebrafish prov ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chlorpyrifos exposure of developing zebrafish: effects on survival and long-term effects on response latency and spatial discrimination.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2003 Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used insecticide, which has been shown to interfere with neurobehavioral development. Rat models have been key in demonstrating that prenatal CPF exposure causes choice accuracy deficits and motor alterations, which persist i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomic structure and embryonic expression of estrogen receptor beta a (ERbetaa) in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Gene · October 16, 2002 Estrogenic steroid hormones mediate complex actions important in both embryonic and adult life. The hormones signal through ligand-inducible transcription factors known as estrogen receptors (ERs). In this study, we have isolated a zebrafish estrogen recep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation and functional analysis of the mouse RXRgamma1 gene promoter in anterior pituitary cells.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 27, 2002 The retinoid X receptor (RXR) isoform RXRgamma has limited tissue expression, including brain, skeletal muscle, and anterior pituitary gland. Within the anterior pituitary gland, RXRgamma expression is limited primarily to the thyrotropes. In this report, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retinoic acid-mediated gene expression in transgenic reporter zebrafish.

Journal Article Dev Biol · January 1, 2001 Retinoic acid-mediated gene activation is important for normal vertebrate development. The size and nature of retinoic acid make it difficult to identify the precise cellular location of this signaling molecule throughout an embryo. Additionally, retinoic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transgene expression in zebrafish: A comparison of retroviral-vector and DNA-injection approaches.

Journal Article Dev Biol · September 1, 1999 To assess alternative methods for introducing expressing transgenes into the germ line of zebrafish, transgenic fish that express a nuclear-targeted, enhanced, green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene were produced using both pseudotyped retroviral vector inf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retinoic acid receptor alpha function in vertebrate limb skeletogenesis: a modulator of chondrogenesis.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · January 27, 1997 Retinoic acid is a signaling molecule involved in the regulation of growth and morphogenesis during development. There are three types of nuclear receptors for all-trans retinoic acid in mammals, RAR alpha, RAR beta, and RAR gamma, which transduce the reti ... Full text Link to item Cite

NIEHS/EPA Workshops. Growth and differentiation factors.

Journal Article Reprod Toxicol · 1997 The work group identified a number of research areas where they felt there were significant data gaps where additional research was critical to better under standing of the origins of birth defects and to developing ways for their prevention. These include ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetic resonance microscopy of embryos.

Journal Article Comput Med Imaging Graph · 1996 We demonstrate that magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy provides a mechanism to investigate normal and abnormal developmental anatomy in a non-destructive and distortion-free manner. Techniques for the fixation, embedding, perfusion and image acquisition of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retinoid signaling and the generation of regional and cellular diversity in the embryonic mouse spinal cord.

Journal Article Dev Dyn · September 1995 Retinoid-dependent gene expression accompanies the emergence of distinct regions and cell classes in the mouse spinal cord around midgestation. We asked whether changes in the expression of retinoid signaling molecules and retinoid-responsive genes reflect ... Full text Link to item Cite

Allocation of epiblast cells to germ layer derivatives during mouse gastrulation as studied with a retroviral vector.

Journal Article Dev Genet · 1995 The embryonic ectoderm, or epiblast, is the source of the three primary germ layers that form during gastrulation in the mouse embryo. Previous studies have investigated the fate of epiblast cells in early gastrulation stages using clonal analysis of cell ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fibroblasts that express aromatic amino acid decarboxylase have increased sensitivity to the synergistic cytotoxicity of L-dopa and manganese.

Journal Article Toxicol Appl Pharmacol · September 1994 Manganism, a neurodegenerative disease that can follow chronic exposure to Mn, has been associated with lesions in the basal ganglia and depletion of dopamine and its metabolites in this brain region. Herein, we have tested the hypothesis that oxidation of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetic resonance microscopy of mouse embryos.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · April 26, 1994 The increased use of the mouse as a model for various aspects of mammalian biology has caused a renewed interest in developing strategies for examining and comparing normal and abnormal mouse embryonic development and anatomy. In this study, we have explor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Constitutively active retinoid receptors exhibit interfamily and intrafamily promoter specificity.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · March 1994 Retinoid receptors are ligand activated transcription factors that regulate gene transcription through a complex network of interactions with members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Although ligand is required for trans-activation, addition of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retinoid signaling in mouse EMBRYOS

Journal Article Advances in Developmental Biology (1992) · January 1, 1994 Full text Cite

Local sources of retinoic acid coincide with retinoid-mediated transgene activity during embryonic development.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · July 15, 1993 We have assessed whether retinoic acid (RA) comes from local sources or is available widely to activate gene expression in embryos. We used an RA-responsive indicator cell line, L-C2A5, to localize RA sources. In these cells, an RA-sensitive promoter/lacZ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mapping of the mouse Rar loci encoding retinoic acid receptors RAR alpha, RAR beta and RAR gamma.

Journal Article Jpn J Genet · June 1993 Nuclear retinoic acid receptors RAR alpha, RAR beta and RAR gamma are transcription factors that bind all-trans retinoic acid as their ligand and mediate its action by activating particular set of genes that contain retinoic acid responsive elements in the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retinoic acid induction and regional differentiation prefigure olfactory pathway formation in the mammalian forebrain.

Journal Article Neuron · June 1993 We have used an in vitro assay to identify sources of retinoic acid (RA) and transgenic mice to identify target domains in the developing forebrain. RA participates in a sequence of events that leads to the establishment of the olfactory pathway. First, th ... Full text Link to item Cite

The mouse retinoid-X receptor-gamma gene: genomic organization and evidence for functional isoforms.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · May 1993 Retinoid-X receptors (RXRs) are a subfamily of the steroid/thyroid nuclear receptor superfamily. There are three RXR genes: alpha, beta, and gamma, each with a distinct expression pattern and chromosomal location. In this study we describe the genomic orga ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mapping of the mouse Rxr loci encoding nuclear retinoid X receptors RXR alpha, RXR beta, and RXR gamma.

Journal Article Genomics · November 1992 Recently, a novel subgroup of nuclear hormone receptors called RXRs implicated for retinoid-mediated gene regulation have been identified. RXRs appear to interact with many other nuclear hormone receptors and modulate their functions. We have mapped geneti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parent-specific expression of a human keratin 18/beta-galactosidase fusion gene in transgenic mice.

Journal Article Dev Dyn · October 1992 Insertion of a human keratin 18 (K18)-bacterial beta-galactosidase (LacZ) fusion gene into mice has led to a unique transgenic line in which expression of the transgene is subject to unusual germ line-specific, genomic imprinting effects. Fetal expression ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heterodimerization among thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, and an endogenous liver protein.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · September 1992 Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binds to DNA as a monomer, homodimer, and heterodimer with nuclear proteins. We have confirmed that the TR can heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors (RXRs)-alpha and -beta, and have found that another member of the nuclear ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active retinoic acid receptor in the lens exhibit ocular defects.

Journal Article Dev Biol · June 1992 Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) modulate gene expression following association with retinoic acid (RA). In transient transfection, an RAR alpha-beta-galactosidase fusion protein (RAR-LacZ) was able to transactivate expression in the absence of RA. When expr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transgenic indicator mice for studying activated retinoic acid receptors during development.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · April 15, 1992 Retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences associated with the regulatory regions of RA-regulatable genes. Since RA has been implicated as an important factor both in normal developmen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retinoic acid receptor expression vector inhibits differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells.

Journal Article Genes Dev · November 1989 Expression vectors have been constructed for a region of the human retinoic acid receptor-alpha (hRAR-alpha) and transferred into F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. When the vectors are overexpressed in F9 cells, clones can be selected for resistance to re ... Full text Link to item Cite

The need for enhancers in gene expression first appears during mouse development with formation of the zygotic nucleus.

Journal Article Genes Dev · October 1989 Microinjection of the firefly luciferase gene coupled to a thymidine kinase (tk) promoter provided a quantitative assay to evaluate the requirements for gene expression in individual mouse oocytes and embryos. Polyoma virus (PyV) enhancers had no effect on ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and characterization of an Fv-1-sensitive retrovirus-packaging system: single-hit titration kinetics observed in restrictive cells.

Journal Article J Virol · June 1989 We have constructed an RNA-packaging-deficient mutant of N-tropic murine leukemia virus WN1802N by removal of 330 nucleotides located between the upstream long terminal repeat and the start of the gag gene region. Transfection into mink CCL64 cells produce ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential expression of the homeobox gene Hox-1.3 in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · August 1988 The Hox-1.3 gene is located on mouse chromosome 6 and has been previously shown to be expressed in mouse embryos and adults. In this study, we have examined the steady-state levels of the Hox-1.3 transcripts in undifferentiated and differentiated F9 embryo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retroviral vector gene expression in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells.

Journal Article J Virol · October 1987 When F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are infected with retroviral vectors, the efficiency of expression of selectable genes is considerably lower than that in mouse fibroblasts infected with the same retroviral vectors. In this study, several retroviral ... Full text Link to item Cite

Suppression of endo B cytokeratin by its antisense RNA inhibits the normal coexpression of endo A cytokeratin.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · February 1987 Antisense endo B cytokeratin RNA encoded by a retrovirus vector was expressed in a derivative of the F9 embryonal carcinoma cell line. Two G418-resistant clones were selected that expressed a colinear transcript containing both neomycin and antisense endo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Suppression of leukaemia virus pathogenicity by polyoma virus enhancers.

Journal Article Nature · April 11, 1985 The long terminal repeats (LTRs) of retroviruses contain sequences necessary for the initiation and termination of retroviral transcription. These sequences include promoter elements, transcriptional termination signals and transcriptional enhancer element ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-function of a Moloney murine leukaemia virus regulatory sequence in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells.

Journal Article Nature · March 29, 1984 Moloney murine leukaemia virus (M-MuLV) infection of embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells results in the integration of proviral DNA into the host cell genome, but not in virus production. One suggested explanation for the lack of viral gene expression in EC cel ... Full text Link to item Cite

DNA fragments from F9 PyEC mutants increase expression of heterologous genes in transfected F9 cells.

Journal Article Cell · December 1983 Restrictions fragments encompassing the DNA sequence changes, which allow polyoma mutants to productively infect embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, have been coupled to the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV TK) gene and to the bacterial chloramphenic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone coding for the cell attachment domain in human fibronectin.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 10, 1983 A cDNA clone coding for the cell attachment domain in human fibronectin has been isolated using synthetic oligonucleotides. Three sets of mixed tetradecamer oligonucleotides were synthesized based on amino acid sequences in the 108-amino acid cell attachme ... Link to item Cite

Polyoma mutants that productively infect F9 embryonal carcinoma cells do not rescue wild-type polyoma in F9 cells.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 1982 Mouse embryonal carcinoma cells are refractory to infection by wild-type polyoma virus, the infection process apparently being blocked at a stage after adsorption and penetration but before early protein synthesis. Polyoma virus mutants capable of producti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polyoma virus infection of retinoic acid-induced differentiated teratocarcinoma cells.

Journal Article J Virol · July 1981 The mouse teratocarcinoma stem cell line, F9, becomes permissive for productive polyoma infection upon treatment with retinoic acid. Through the use of M13-polyoma recombinant single-stranded DNA probes, spliced and unspliced early viral RNA were detected ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mutation near the polyoma DNA replication origin permits productive infection of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells.

Journal Article Cell · March 1981 F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells are resistant to productive infection by wild-type polyoma virus. Continued passage of F9 cells initially infected with wild-type polyoma virus eventually leads to the selection of polyoma virus mutants that are capable o ... Full text Link to item Cite

H1 histone and nucleosome repeat length alterations associated with the in vitro differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma cells to extra-embryonic endoderm.

Journal Article J Supramol Struct · 1980 The histone compositions and average distance between nucleosomes have been determined for F9.22 and PSA1 murine embryonal carcinoma cell lines, for primary extra-embryonic endoderm derived from the in vitro differentiation of PSA1 embryonal carcinoma cell ... Full text Link to item Cite

Teratocarcinoma differentiation: plasminogen activator activity associated with embryoid body formation.

Journal Article Cell · February 1977 Changes in plasminogen activator activity have been examined as a clonal line of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells aggregate and differentiate to form cystic embryoid bodies in vitro. Within the first 10 days of study, the pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fibrinolytic activity associated with teratocarcinoma derived endodermal cells

Journal Article Journal of General Physiology · January 1, 1976 Cite

Two proteins of gene A of psiX174.

Journal Article Nat New Biol · September 5, 1973 Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro synthesis of phi-X-174 single-stranded DNA.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · November 9, 1970 Full text Link to item Cite