Scholars@Duke
Enn-Ling Chen

Enn-Ling Chen

Assistant Professor in Medicine
Medicine, Cardiology
chen0060@duke.edu
Duke Box 3934, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Medicine Pavilion, 10 Duke Medicine Circle, Rm 1E-59, Durham, NC 27710
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Selected Publications

Native T1 Mapping for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Myocardial Infarction.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · December 2022 BACKGROUND: Myocardial fibrosis is a fundamental process in cardiac injury. Cardiac magnetic resonance native T1 mapping has been proposed for diagnosing myocardial fibrosis without the need for gadolinium contrast. However, recent studies suggest that T1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of Papillary Muscle Infarction with Dark-Blood Delayed Enhancement Cardiac MRI in Canines and Humans.

Journal Article Radiology · November 2022 Background The relationship between papillary muscle infarction (papMI) and the culprit coronary lesion has not been fully investigated. Delayed enhancement cardiac MRI may detect papMI, yet its accuracy is unknown. Flow-independent dark-blood delayed enha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of myocardial lipomatous metaplasia using an optimized out-of-phase cine steady-state free-precession sequence: Validation and clinical implementation.

Journal Article NMR Biomed · October 2022 Myocardial lipomatous metaplasia, which can serve as substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, is usually composed of regions in which there is an admixture of fat and nonfat tissue. Although dedicated sequences for the detection of fat are available, it woul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Double spectral attenuated inversion recovery (DSPAIR)-an efficient fat suppression technique for late gadolinium enhancement at 3 tesla.

Journal Article NMR Biomed · October 2021 Despite clinical use of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for two decades, an efficient, robust fat suppression (FS) technique still does not exist for this CMR mainstay. In ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, differentiating fibrotic tissue from infi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of magnetization transfer-preparation and T2-preparation for dark-blood delayed-enhancement imaging.

Journal Article NMR Biomed · November 2020 Recently developed dark-blood techniques such as Flow-Independent Dark-blood DeLayed Enhancement (FIDDLE) allow simultaneous visualization of tissue contrast-enhancement and blood-pool suppression. Critical to FIDDLE is the magnetization preparation, which ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dark-Blood Delayed Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance of Myocardial Infarction.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · December 2018 OBJECTIVES: This study introduced and validated a novel flow-independent delayed enhancement technique that shows hyperenhanced myocardium while simultaneously suppressing blood-pool signal. BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and assessment of myocardial infarction ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Suppression of ghost artifacts arising from long T1 species in segmented inversion-recovery imaging.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · October 2017 PURPOSE: We demonstrate an improved segmented inversion-recovery sequence that suppresses ghost artifacts arising from tissues with long T1 ( > 1.5 s). THEORY AND METHODS: Long T1 species such as pericardial fluid can create bright ghost artifacts in segme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of a novel dark-blood delayed enhancement technique for the detection of papillary muscle SCAR

Journal Article Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · January 1, 2016 Full text Cite

Relationship of T2-Weighted MRI Myocardial Hyperintensity and the Ischemic Area-At-Risk.

Journal Article Circ Res · July 17, 2015 RATIONALE: After acute myocardial infarction (MI), delineating the area-at-risk (AAR) is crucial for measuring how much, if any, ischemic myocardium has been salvaged. T2-weighted MRI is promoted as an excellent method to delineate the AAR. However, the ev ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Motion and flow insensitive adiabatic T2 -preparation module for cardiac MR imaging at 3 Tesla.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · November 2013 A versatile method for generating T2 -weighting is a T2 -preparation module, which has been used successfully for cardiac imaging at 1.5T. Although it has been applied at 3T, higher fields (B0 ≥ 3T) can degrade B0 and B1 homogeneity and result in nonunifor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetic resonance water proton relaxation in protein solutions and tissue: T(1rho) dispersion characterization.

Journal Article PLoS One · January 5, 2010 BACKGROUND: Image contrast in clinical MRI is often determined by differences in tissue water proton relaxation behavior. However, many aspects of water proton relaxation in complex biological media, such as protein solutions and tissue are not well unders ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Combining spin echoes with gradient echoes in the context of the global coherent free precession pulse sequence.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · July 2007 To extend the signal longevity of magnetically excited spins in flowing fluids while in a state of global coherent free precession (GCFP), a refocusing radiofrequency (RF) pulse and bipolar gradient waveforms were combined with the GCFP sequence. The data ... Full text Link to item Cite

23Na MRI combined with contrast-enhanced 1H MRI provides in vivo characterization of infarct healing.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · April 2005 Although (23)Na MRI has been shown to delineate acute myocardial infarction (MI), the time course of in vivo (23)Na MRI during infarct healing remains unknown. In this study (23)Na MRI was combined with contrast-enhanced (CE) (1)H MRI to noninvasively char ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive assessment of blood flow based on magnetic resonance global coherent free precession.

Journal Article Circulation · March 1, 2005 BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance global coherent free precession (GCFP) is a new technique that produces cine projection angiograms directly analogous to those of x-ray angiography noninvasively and without a contrast agent. In this study, we compared GCFP b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive cineangiography by magnetic resonance global coherent free precession.

Journal Article Nat Med · May 2004 Cardiovascular disease is primarily diagnosed using invasive X-ray cineangiography. Here we introduce a new concept in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that, for the first time, produces similar images noninvasively and without a contrast agent. Protons in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Myocardial magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent concentrations after reversible and irreversible ischemic injury.

Journal Article Circulation · January 15, 2002 BACKGROUND: Discrepant reports have been published recently regarding the relationship of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance image intensities to reversible and irreversible ischemic injury. Unlike image intensities, contrast agent concentrations provide ... Full text Link to item Cite

The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · November 16, 2000 BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the administration of contrast material can be used to distinguish between reversible and irreversible myocardial ischemic injury regardless of the extent of wall motion or the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Native T1 Mapping for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Myocardial Infarction.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · December 2022 BACKGROUND: Myocardial fibrosis is a fundamental process in cardiac injury. Cardiac magnetic resonance native T1 mapping has been proposed for diagnosing myocardial fibrosis without the need for gadolinium contrast. However, recent studies suggest that T1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of Papillary Muscle Infarction with Dark-Blood Delayed Enhancement Cardiac MRI in Canines and Humans.

Journal Article Radiology · November 2022 Background The relationship between papillary muscle infarction (papMI) and the culprit coronary lesion has not been fully investigated. Delayed enhancement cardiac MRI may detect papMI, yet its accuracy is unknown. Flow-independent dark-blood delayed enha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of myocardial lipomatous metaplasia using an optimized out-of-phase cine steady-state free-precession sequence: Validation and clinical implementation.

Journal Article NMR Biomed · October 2022 Myocardial lipomatous metaplasia, which can serve as substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, is usually composed of regions in which there is an admixture of fat and nonfat tissue. Although dedicated sequences for the detection of fat are available, it woul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Double spectral attenuated inversion recovery (DSPAIR)-an efficient fat suppression technique for late gadolinium enhancement at 3 tesla.

Journal Article NMR Biomed · October 2021 Despite clinical use of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for two decades, an efficient, robust fat suppression (FS) technique still does not exist for this CMR mainstay. In ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, differentiating fibrotic tissue from infi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of magnetization transfer-preparation and T2-preparation for dark-blood delayed-enhancement imaging.

Journal Article NMR Biomed · November 2020 Recently developed dark-blood techniques such as Flow-Independent Dark-blood DeLayed Enhancement (FIDDLE) allow simultaneous visualization of tissue contrast-enhancement and blood-pool suppression. Critical to FIDDLE is the magnetization preparation, which ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dark-Blood Delayed Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance of Myocardial Infarction.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · December 2018 OBJECTIVES: This study introduced and validated a novel flow-independent delayed enhancement technique that shows hyperenhanced myocardium while simultaneously suppressing blood-pool signal. BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and assessment of myocardial infarction ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Suppression of ghost artifacts arising from long T1 species in segmented inversion-recovery imaging.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · October 2017 PURPOSE: We demonstrate an improved segmented inversion-recovery sequence that suppresses ghost artifacts arising from tissues with long T1 ( > 1.5 s). THEORY AND METHODS: Long T1 species such as pericardial fluid can create bright ghost artifacts in segme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of a novel dark-blood delayed enhancement technique for the detection of papillary muscle SCAR

Journal Article Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · January 1, 2016 Full text Cite

Relationship of T2-Weighted MRI Myocardial Hyperintensity and the Ischemic Area-At-Risk.

Journal Article Circ Res · July 17, 2015 RATIONALE: After acute myocardial infarction (MI), delineating the area-at-risk (AAR) is crucial for measuring how much, if any, ischemic myocardium has been salvaged. T2-weighted MRI is promoted as an excellent method to delineate the AAR. However, the ev ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Motion and flow insensitive adiabatic T2 -preparation module for cardiac MR imaging at 3 Tesla.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · November 2013 A versatile method for generating T2 -weighting is a T2 -preparation module, which has been used successfully for cardiac imaging at 1.5T. Although it has been applied at 3T, higher fields (B0 ≥ 3T) can degrade B0 and B1 homogeneity and result in nonunifor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetic resonance water proton relaxation in protein solutions and tissue: T(1rho) dispersion characterization.

Journal Article PLoS One · January 5, 2010 BACKGROUND: Image contrast in clinical MRI is often determined by differences in tissue water proton relaxation behavior. However, many aspects of water proton relaxation in complex biological media, such as protein solutions and tissue are not well unders ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Combining spin echoes with gradient echoes in the context of the global coherent free precession pulse sequence.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · July 2007 To extend the signal longevity of magnetically excited spins in flowing fluids while in a state of global coherent free precession (GCFP), a refocusing radiofrequency (RF) pulse and bipolar gradient waveforms were combined with the GCFP sequence. The data ... Full text Link to item Cite

23Na MRI combined with contrast-enhanced 1H MRI provides in vivo characterization of infarct healing.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · April 2005 Although (23)Na MRI has been shown to delineate acute myocardial infarction (MI), the time course of in vivo (23)Na MRI during infarct healing remains unknown. In this study (23)Na MRI was combined with contrast-enhanced (CE) (1)H MRI to noninvasively char ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive assessment of blood flow based on magnetic resonance global coherent free precession.

Journal Article Circulation · March 1, 2005 BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance global coherent free precession (GCFP) is a new technique that produces cine projection angiograms directly analogous to those of x-ray angiography noninvasively and without a contrast agent. In this study, we compared GCFP b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive cineangiography by magnetic resonance global coherent free precession.

Journal Article Nat Med · May 2004 Cardiovascular disease is primarily diagnosed using invasive X-ray cineangiography. Here we introduce a new concept in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that, for the first time, produces similar images noninvasively and without a contrast agent. Protons in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Myocardial magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent concentrations after reversible and irreversible ischemic injury.

Journal Article Circulation · January 15, 2002 BACKGROUND: Discrepant reports have been published recently regarding the relationship of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance image intensities to reversible and irreversible ischemic injury. Unlike image intensities, contrast agent concentrations provide ... Full text Link to item Cite

The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · November 16, 2000 BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the administration of contrast material can be used to distinguish between reversible and irreversible myocardial ischemic injury regardless of the extent of wall motion or the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of myocardium at risk: distinction between reversible and irreversible injury throughout infarct healing.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · November 15, 2000 OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the relationship of delayed hyperenhancement by contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to viable and nonviable myocardium within the region at risk throughout infarct healing. BACKGROUND: The relationship of delayed MR ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microvascular integrity and the time course of myocardial sodium accumulation after acute infarction.

Journal Article Circ Res · October 13, 2000 Loss of membrane permeability caused by ischemia leads to cellular sodium accumulation and myocardial edema. This phenomenon has important implications to left ventricular structure and function in the first hours after myocardial infarction. We hypothesiz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function.

Journal Article Circulation · November 9, 1999 BACKGROUND: Contrast MRI enhancement patterns in several pathophysiologies resulting from ischemic myocardial injury are controversial or have not been investigated. We compared contrast enhancement in acute infarction (AI), after severe but reversible isc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of elevated 23Na magnetic resonance image intensity to infarct size after acute reperfused myocardial infarction.

Journal Article Circulation · July 13, 1999 BACKGROUND: Elevated 23Na MR image intensity after acute myocardial infarction has previously been shown to correspond to high tissue [Na+] and loss of myocardial viability. In this study, we explored the potential of in vivo 23Na MRI to assess infarct siz ... Full text Link to item Cite

A simplified sequence for observing deoxymyoglobin signals in vivo: myoglobin excitation with dynamic unexcitation and saturation of water and fat (MEDUSA).

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · November 1997 This paper describes a new, simplified pulse sequence for observing NMR signals from deoxymyoglobin in vivo. Paramagnetically shifted resonances from deoxymyoglobin can be exploited to noninvasively calculate intracellular oxygen tension in striated muscle ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fast 23Na magnetic resonance imaging of acute reperfused myocardial infarction. Potential to assess myocardial viability.

Journal Article Circulation · April 1, 1997 BACKGROUND: The ability of the myocyte to maintain an ionic concentration gradient is perhaps the best indication of myocardial viability. We studied the relationship of 23Na MRI intensity to viability and explored the potential of fast-imaging techniques ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fast 23Na magnetic resonance imaging of acute reperfused myocardial infarction: Potential to assess myocardial viability

Journal Article Circulation · 1997 Background: The ability of the myocyte to maintain an ionic concentration gradient is perhaps the best indication of myocardial viability. We studied the relationship of 23Na MRI intensity to viability and explored the potential of fast-imaging techniques ... Cite

Myocardial Gd-DTPA kinetics determine MRI contrast enhancement and reflect the extent and severity of myocardial injury after acute reperfused infarction.

Journal Article Circulation · December 15, 1996 BACKGROUND: Contrast medium-enhanced magnetic resonance images of acute, reperfused infarcts have shown hypoenhanced and hyperenhanced regions in areas of injured myocardium. The precise mechanisms that lead to these altered enhancement patterns are unknow ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phase Sensitive Fat Darkening by TI-Minimized Double SPAIR (PHATTI DeSPAIR) for Robust and Highly Effective Fat Suppression in Clinical T1-Weighted Imaging of Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Heart Disease

Conference We present a highly effective and robust fat suppression technique for T1-weighted inversion recovery (IR) imaging such as delayed enhancement, that is compatible with phase sensitive IR (PSIR) imaging. It combines a double-SPAIR (Spectral Selection Attenu ... Cite