Scholars@Duke
Laura Barlow Enyedi

Laura Barlow Enyedi

Professor of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
enyed001@mc.duke.edu
Box 3802 Med Ctr, Durham, NC
Dept of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC

Selected Publications

Sexual Harassment in Ophthalmology.

Journal Article JAMA Ophthalmol · April 1, 2025 IMPORTANCE: High rates of sexual harassment were reported among ophthalmologists who responded to a survey in 2018. A comparison with the rates in 2023 seems warranted following increased initiatives to combat sexual harassment. OBJECTIVES: To compare the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dermoid Cyst of Conjunctival Origin Attached to the Tarsus in a Pediatric Patient.

Journal Article Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg · March 2025 Dermoid cysts of cutaneous origin are common orbital lesions, whereas dermoid cysts of conjunctival origin are rare. The authors present a case of a dermoid cyst of conjunctival origin that was attached to the tarsus in a pediatric patient. A 2-year-old bo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Complications, Visual Acuity, and Refractive Error 3 Years after Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation for Pediatric Aphakia.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · October 2024 PURPOSE: To report the cumulative incidence of complications and to describe refractive error and visual acuity (VA) outcomes in children undergoing secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after previous surgery for nontraumatic cataract. DESIGN: Ped ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eight-Year Outcomes of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recessions versus Unilateral Recession-Resection in Childhood Basic-Type Intermittent Exotropia.

Conference Ophthalmology · January 2024 PURPOSE: To report 8-year outcomes from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession (BLRc) with unilateral recession-resection (R&R) for childhood intermittent exotropia (IXT). DESIGN: Eight-year follow-up of RCT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unilateral four muscle surgery for extra-large monocular exotropia.

Journal Article Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) · July 2023 INTRODUCTION: Recurrent exotropia is common following surgery for monocular large angle constant sensory exotropia. Surgery is usually limited to operations on the affected eye. Simultaneous oblique weakening surgery may enhance the effect of the horizonta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unilateral four muscle surgery for extra-large monocular exotropia

Journal Article Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia · July 1, 2023 Introduction: Recurrent exotropia is common following surgery for monocular large angle constant sensory exotropia. Surgery is usually limited to operations on the affected eye. Simultaneous oblique weakening surgery may enhance the effect of the horizonta ... Full text Cite

Flipped classroom approach to global outreach: cross-cultural teaching of horizontal strabismus to Chinese ophthalmology residents.

Journal Article Int J Ophthalmol · 2023 AIM: To evaluate the flipped classroom model for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in an ophthalmology residency program in China as part of a visiting professorship from the United States. METHODS: Residents from an ophthalmology residency program ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low- and Very Low-Dose Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Reactivations, Additional Treatments, and 12-Month Outcomes.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · October 2022 PURPOSE: Low-dose and very low-dose intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) have been reported to be successful in short-term treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), down to an initial dose of 0.004 mg. We now report 12-month outcomes for these infant ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Pediatric Optic Neuritis Prospective Outcomes Study: Two-Year Results.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · August 2022 PURPOSE: Pediatric optic neuritis (ON) is a rare disease that has not been well characterized. The Pediatric ON Prospective Outcomes Study (PON1) was the first prospective study to our knowledge aiming to evaluate visual acuity (VA) outcomes, including VA, ... Full text Link to item Cite

The flipped-classroom approach to teaching horizontal strabismus in ophthalmology residency: a multicentered randomized controlled study.

Journal Article J AAPOS · June 2021 BACKGROUND: The flipped-classroom involves watching prerecorded lectures at home followed by group learning exercises within the classroom. This study compares the flipped classroom approach with the traditional classroom for teaching horizontal strabismus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Health-related quality of life in children with untreated intermittent exotropia and their parents.

Journal Article J AAPOS · April 2021 PURPOSE: To determine whether health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores improved or worsened over 3 years of observation in childhood intermittent exotropia without treatment. METHODS: A total of 111 children aged 3-11 years with intermittent exotropia ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improvement in health-related quality of life following strabismus surgery for children with intermittent exotropia.

Journal Article J AAPOS · April 2021 PURPOSE: To investigate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after strabismus surgery in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and relationships between HRQOL and surgical success. METHODS: A total of 197 children with IXT aged 3-11 years (and 1 par ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sexual Harassment in Ophthalmology

Chapter · January 1, 2021 Sexual harassment (SH) is highly prevalent among women in ophthalmology and has been shown to significantly impact victims’ work satisfaction, professional advancement, and mental health. Despite the severity of workplace incidents and their effects, SH of ... Full text Cite

Assessment of Pediatric Optic Neuritis Visual Acuity Outcomes at 6 Months.

Journal Article JAMA Ophthalmol · December 1, 2020 IMPORTANCE: Optic neuritis (ON) in children is uncommon. There are limited prospective data for visual acuity (VA) outcomes, associated diseases, and neuroimaging findings. Prospective data from a large sample would be useful for counseling families on tre ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of nonmodifiable physician demographics on Press Ganey patient satisfaction scores in ophthalmology.

Journal Article J AAPOS · October 2020 Press Ganey patient satisfaction scores are increasingly being used as a physician quality metric. In this retrospective review of over 25,000 patient surveys for 61 ophthalmologists, pediatric ophthalmologists and neuro-ophthalmologists received significa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optical Coherence Tomography Normative Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Data in Children 0-5 Years of Age.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · December 2019 PURPOSE: To determine reference values for the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macula in children 0-5 years of age. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study was set in a single large academic pediatric ophthalmolog ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of Macular Microvasculature in Healthy Eyes of Infants and Children Using OCT Angiography.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · December 2019 PURPOSE: To assess macular vasculature in healthy infants and children using OCT angiography (OCTA). DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-five normal maculae of 89 healthy infants and children (mean age, 8.5±5.3 years ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The flipped-classroom approach to teaching horizontal strabismus in ophthalmology residency: a pilot study.

Journal Article J AAPOS · August 2019 PURPOSE: To compare the flipped classroom (home pre-taped lectures followed by in-class group exercise) to the traditional classroom (home reading assignment followed by in-class lecture) for horizontal strabismus didactics in ophthalmology residency. METH ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postoperative infection following strabismus surgery: case series and increased incidence in a single referral center.

Journal Article J AAPOS · February 2019 PURPOSE: To identify and analyze cases of postoperative infection following strabismus surgery at a large referral center and to report the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes. METHODS: An electronic database search identified strabismus procedures at Du ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Randomized Trial Comparing Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession versus Unilateral Recess and Resect for Basic-Type Intermittent Exotropia.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · February 2019 PURPOSE: To compare long-term outcomes after bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLRc) or unilateral lateral rectus recession combined with medial rectus resection in the same eye (R&R) for primary treatment of childhood intermittent exotropia (IXT). DESIG ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sexual Harassment in Ophthalmology: A Survey Study.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · January 2019 This anonymous survey identifies a sexual harassment prevalence of 59% among ophthalmologists responding through the Women in Ophthalmology listserv. The authors urge implementation of sexual harassment policies within our professional societies, accredita ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microphthalmia, Dermal Aplasia, and Sclerocornea Syndrome: Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation in the Management of Congenital Glaucoma.

Journal Article J Glaucoma · January 2018 PURPOSE: To report on the use of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) to treat congenital glaucoma in a triple X female with microphthalmia, dermal aplasia, and sclerocornea (MIDAS) syndrome. OBSERVATIONS: The patient demonstrated linear streaks on the f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multifocal iris melanoma in a 2-year-old managed with I-125 plaque brachytherapy.

Journal Article J AAPOS · October 2017 We report a 23-month-old patient presenting with multifocal iris melanoma who underwent plaque brachytherapy with full corneal coverage. The lesion demonstrated several high-risk clinical and histopathologic features associated with iris melanoma in adults ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply.

Journal Article J AAPOS · August 2017 Full text Link to item Cite

A double-masked randomized trial of postoperative local anesthetic for pain control in pediatric strabismus surgery.

Journal Article J AAPOS · April 2017 PURPOSE: To determine to what extent local anesthetic reduces postoperative pain after pediatric strabismus surgery. METHODS: In this double-masked, randomized clinical trial of 50 children 13-91 months of age undergoing strabismus surgery, subjects were r ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel method for teaching key steps of strabismus surgery in the wet lab.

Journal Article J AAPOS · October 2015 The surgical laboratory environment plays an important role in modern surgical education. Learning how to complete the key steps of strabismus surgery prior to actual surgery may enhance efficiency and sensitize the surgeon to potential complications. Cada ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of the Intermittent Exotropia Questionnaire using Rasch analysis.

Journal Article JAMA Ophthalmol · April 2015 IMPORTANCE: The Intermittent Exotropia Questionnaire (IXTQ) is a patient, proxy, and parental report of quality of life specific to children with intermittent exotropia. We refine the IXTQ using Rasch analysis to improve reliability and validity. OBSERVATI ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric Myopic Progression Treatments: Science, Sham, and Promise

Journal Article Theoretical Chemistry Accounts · December 1, 2014 Myopia is one of the most common human eye disorders and represents a significant global public health issue. Severe myopia is particularly concerning because of its association with vision-threatening co-morbidities such as retinal detachment, choroidal d ... Full text Cite

Congenital microcephaly and chorioretinopathy due to de novo heterozygous KIF11 mutations: five novel mutations and review of the literature.

Journal Article Am J Med Genet A · November 2014 The microcephaly-lymphedema-chorioretinal dysplasia (MLCRD) syndrome is a distinct microcephaly syndrome. The hallmark features, microcephaly, chorioretinopathy, and lymphedema are frequently recognized at birth. Another clinical entity, the chorioretinal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computer-assisted quantification of plus disease after treatment of retinopathy of prematurity with intravitreal bevacizumab

Journal Article Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · February 2013 Full text Cite

The accuracy of photoscreening at detecting treatable ocular conditions in children with Down syndrome.

Journal Article J AAPOS · December 2010 BACKGROUND: Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased prevalence of ocular disorders, including amblyopia, strabismus, and refractive error. Health maintenance guidelines from the Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group recommend ophthalmologic exami ... Full text Link to item Cite

Latanoprost in pediatric glaucoma--pediatric exposure over a decade.

Journal Article J AAPOS · December 2009 BACKGROUND: Although numerous studies of latanoprost in adult glaucoma have shown it to be an effective hypotensive agent with a low incidence of side effects, these issues have not been well studied in pediatric glaucomas. The purpose of the current study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlation between optical coherence tomography and glaucomatous optic nerve head damage in children.

Journal Article Br J Ophthalmol · October 2009 AIM: To compare analysis of macular and nerve fibre layer thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with optic nerve head (ONH) morphology based on stereophotography. DESIGN: Prospective observational case-control series. METHODS: Normal and glaucoma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply

Other American Journal of Ophthalmology · June 1, 2009 Full text Cite

126: Success rates of adjustable and nonadjustable strabismus surgery in adults

Journal Article Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · February 2009 Full text Cite

Travoprost in children: adverse effects and intraocular pressure response.

Journal Article J AAPOS · February 2009 Because of the limited ability to perform controlled, randomized studies in children, the safety and effectiveness of topical medications in pediatric glaucoma is sometimes difficult to determine. Although travoprost has been commercially available since 2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Imaging the infant retina with a hand-held spectral-domain optical coherence tomography device.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · February 2009 PURPOSE: To evaluate and treat infant retina through the use of a hand-held spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) device in selected cases of Shaken Baby syndrome (SBS). DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: A novel SD OCT system was ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optical coherence tomography in the eyes of normal children.

Journal Article Arch Ophthalmol · January 2009 OBJECTIVE: To collect a normative database of macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses, and optic nerve topography in the healthy eyes of children aged 3 to 17 years using optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. METHODS: Sca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and efficacy of silicone rod frontalis suspension surgery for childhood ptosis repair.

Journal Article J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus · 2008 PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of silicone rod frontalis suspension surgery for childhood ptosis. METHODS: The authors retrospectively studied 89 consecutive children (110 eyelids) who had silicone rod frontalis suspension surgery for ptosis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Central corneal thickness: congenital cataracts and aphakia.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · October 2007 PURPOSE: To evaluate central corneal thickness (CCT) in normal children (controls) and in those with cataracts, pseudophakia, and aphakia. DESIGN: Prospective, observational case series. METHODS: CCT was measured in 369 eyes of 223 children. Subjects with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Central corneal thickness in children: Racial differences (black vs. white) and correlation with measured intraocular pressure.

Journal Article J Glaucoma · December 2006 PURPOSE: To test the hypotheses that the mean central corneal thickness (CCT) of healthy black children is thinner than that of healthy white children and to confirm the relationship between increased CCT and measured intraocular pressure (IOP) in children ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Early Treatment for Retinopathy Of Prematurity Study: structural findings at age 2 years.

Journal Article Br J Ophthalmol · November 2006 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether earlier treatment of high-risk, prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) improves retinal structural outcome at 2 years of age. METHODS: Infants with bilateral high-risk prethreshold ROP had one eye randomly assigned to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Central corneal thickness in children: stability over time.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · May 2006 PURPOSE: To evaluate central corneal thickness (CCT) in children over time. DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. METHODS: CCT was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry in 69 eyes of 38 subjects age 3 to 14 years recruited from the Duke University Eye ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extraocular muscle surgery for extorsion after macular translocation surgery new surgical technique and clinical management.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · January 2006 PURPOSE: To report a new extraocular muscle surgery procedure for large-angle extorsion, and clinical management of subjective tilt and diplopia after full macular translocation (MT360). DESIGN: Consecutive retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Seven pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

The incidence and course of retinopathy of prematurity: findings from the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study.

Journal Article Pediatrics · July 2005 OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) Study and compare these results with those reported in the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) Study. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Macular and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis of normal and glaucomatous eyes in children using optical coherence tomography.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · March 2005 PURPOSE: To evaluate macular and nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness in normal and glaucomatous eyes of children 3 to 17 years old using optical coherence tomography (OCT-3). DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. METHODS: One hundred fifty-six eyes of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parents' expectations regarding their children's eye care: interview results.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · November 2003 PURPOSE: To determine a relevant set of concerns that parents express as expectations regarding their children's eye care. DESIGN: Qualitative, cross-sectional, pilot study. METHODS: A total of 48 interviews were conducted with parents of pediatric ophthal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Management of ocular torsion and diplopia after macular translocation for age-related macular degeneration: prospective clinical study.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · October 2003 PURPOSE: To report the results of a prospective clinical series to evaluate the management of both torsion and diplopia in a large group of patients after full macular translocation (FMT) and extraocular muscle surgery. DESIGN: Prospective interventional c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Measurement of ocular torsion after macular translocation: disc fovea angle and Maddox rod.

Journal Article J AAPOS · April 2003 PURPOSE: To compare two methods of measuring ocular torsion (the subjective Maddox rod [MR] test versus the objective disc-fovea angle [DFA] test) after macular translocation surgery. METHODS: Ocular torsion was measured on consecutive patients after macul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Latanoprost for the treatment of pediatric glaucoma.

Journal Article Surv Ophthalmol · August 2002 Latanoprost is a prostaglandin F(2alpha) analog that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by 20-40% in adults with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The efficacy and safety of latanoprost in children has not been widely reported, but there are at l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Goniotomy for glaucoma secondary to chronic childhood uveitis.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · May 2002 PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of standard goniotomy surgery for young patients with refractory glaucoma associated with chronic childhood uveitis. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all goniotomies perfo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and efficacy of brimonidine in children with glaucoma.

Journal Article J AAPOS · October 2001 PURPOSE: Brimonidine is a relatively selective alpha-agonist, which reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing aqueous production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. Brimonidine passes through the blood-brain barrier, potentially causing central nerv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surgical Treatment of Incyclotorsion After Macular Translocation

Journal Article American Orthoptic Journal · January 2001 Full text Cite

Combined superior oblique muscle recession and inferior oblique muscle advancement and transposition for cyclotorsion associated with macular translocation surgery.

Journal Article J AAPOS · April 2000 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oblique muscle surgery on the large-angle incyclotorsion resulting from macular translocation surgery for severe age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: Patients undergoing macular transl ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effectiveness of latanoprost for the treatment of pediatric glaucoma.

Journal Article J AAPOS · February 1999 PURPOSE: Latanoprost is a prostaglandin F2alpha analogue that substantially reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in adults with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The efficacy and safety of latanoprost in children is unknown. We wished to evaluate l ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparison of the Marcus Gunn and alternating light tests for afferent pupillary defects.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · May 1998 OBJECTIVE: The authors compared two methods, the Marcus Gunn test and the alternating light test, for detecting a relative afferent pupillary defect. DESIGN: A randomized, prospective clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen patients with unilateral optic ne ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of intraocular pressure on the absorption of air from the vitreous cavity.

Journal Article Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol · April 1998 BACKGROUND: The duration of an intraocular gas bubble used in vitreoretinal surgery is an important determinant of the safety and effectiveness of intraocular gas use. Considerable variability impedes the clinical determination of this parameter. The aim o ... Full text Link to item Cite

An intravitreal device providing sustained release of cyclosporine and dexamethasone.

Journal Article Curr Eye Res · May 1996 PURPOSE: A device that releases cyclosporine and dexamethasone into the eye for extended periods of time might be beneficial in diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy and uveitis. In this study we examine the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of cycl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Refractive changes following IOL implantation in pediatric patients

Conference Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science · February 15, 1996 Purpose. To determine the refractive changes that occur in children undergoing cataract extraction with IOL implantation. Methods. 32 children (median 4.6 yrs., range 9 mos. to 17.7 yrs.) with a mean follow-up of 21.3 ± 14.1 (range 6-55) mos. were retrospe ... Cite

Refractive changes following IOL implantation in pediatric patients

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · February 15, 1996 Link to item Cite

Caring for the uninsured and underinsured.

Journal Article JAMA · May 15, 1991 Link to item Cite

Ultrastructural study of Norrie's disease.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · April 15, 1991 We studied the clinicopathologic and ultrastructural features of a full-term infant with Norrie's disease. The infant had bilateral retrolental fibrous vascular masses and retinal detachment with no other apparent physical abnormalities and no family histo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Caring for the uninsured and underinsured [1]

Other Journal of the American Medical Association · 1991 Full text Cite