Scholars@Duke
Rytas J. Vilgalys

Rytas J. Vilgalys

Professor of Biology
Biology
fungi@duke.edu
Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708-0338
Room 346, Biological Sciences Building, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

Fungal elemental profiling unleashed through rapid laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

Journal Article mSystems · September 2024 Elemental profiling of fungal species as a phenotyping tool is an understudied topic and is typically performed to examine plant tissue or non-biological materials. Traditional analytical techniques such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spect ... Full text Cite

Ectomycorrhizal fungi enhance pine growth by stimulating iron-dependent mechanisms with trade-offs in symbiotic performance.

Journal Article The New phytologist · May 2024 Iron (Fe) is crucial for metabolic functions of living organisms. Plants access occluded Fe through interactions with rhizosphere microorganisms and symbionts. Yet, the interplay between Fe addition and plant-mycorrhizal interactions, especially the molecu ... Full text Cite

Suillus: an emerging model for the study of ectomycorrhizal ecology and evolution.

Journal Article The New phytologist · May 2024 Research on mycorrhizal symbiosis has been slowed by a lack of established study systems. To address this challenge, we have been developing Suillus, a widespread ecologically and economically relevant fungal genus primarily associated with the plant famil ... Full text Cite

Populus MYC2 orchestrates root transcriptional reprogramming of defence pathway to impair Laccaria bicolor ectomycorrhizal development.

Journal Article The New phytologist · April 2024 The jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway plays an important role in the establishment of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. The Laccaria bicolor effector MiSSP7 stabilizes JA corepressor JAZ6, thereby inhibiting the activity of Populus MYC2 transcription fact ... Full text Cite

Decoding the chemical language of Suillus fungi: genome mining and untargeted metabolomics uncover terpene chemical diversity.

Journal Article mSystems · April 2024 Ectomycorrhizal fungi establish mutually beneficial relationships with trees, trading nutrients for carbon. Suillus are ectomycorrhizal fungi that are critical to the health of boreal and temperate forest ecosystems. Comparative genomics has identif ... Full text Cite

PacBio high-throughput multi-locus sequencing reveals high genetic diversity in mushroom-forming fungi.

Journal Article Molecular ecology resources · January 2024 Multi-locus sequence data are widely used in fungal systematic and taxonomic studies to delimit species and infer evolutionary relationships. We developed and assessed the efficacy of a multi-locus pooled sequencing method using PacBio long-read high-throu ... Full text Cite

Fungal biomass and ectomycorrhizal community assessment of phosphorus responsive Pinus taeda plantations

Journal Article Frontiers in Fungal Biology · January 1, 2024 Ectomycorrhizal fungi and non-ectomycorrhizal fungi are responsive to changes in environmental and nutrient availabilities. Although many species of ectomycorrhizas are known to enhance the uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients for Pinus taeda, it is no ... Full text Cite

Sequencing the Genomes of the First Terrestrial Fungal Lineages: What Have We Learned?

Journal Article Microorganisms · July 18, 2023 The first genome sequenced of a eukaryotic organism was for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as reported in 1996, but it was more than 10 years before any of the zygomycete fungi, which are the early-diverging terrestrial fungi currently placed in the phyla Mucor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomic determination of breeding systems and trans-specific evolution of HD MAT genes in suilloid fungi.

Journal Article Genetics · May 2023 Studying the signatures of evolution can help to understand genetic processes. Here, we demonstrate how the existence of balancing selection can be used to identify the breeding systems of fungi from genomic data. The breeding systems of fungi are controll ... Full text Cite

Global pine tree invasions are linked to invasive root symbionts.

Journal Article The New phytologist · January 2023 Full text Cite

Co-invading ectomycorrhizal fungal succession in pine-invaded mountain grasslands

Journal Article Fungal Ecology · December 1, 2022 Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities that associate with invading pines (Pinus spp.) are expected to be poor in species diversity. However, long-term successional trajectories and the persistence of dispersal limitations of EM fungi in the exotic range ... Full text Cite

NPK fertilizer use in loblolly pine plantations: Who are we really feeding?

Journal Article Forest Ecology and Management · September 15, 2022 Optimizing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) productivity using fertilizers and various site management practices has been a goal of foresters for decades. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are the three most operationally applied fertilizers to ... Full text Cite

The Early Terrestrial Fungal Lineage of Conidiobolus-Transition from Saprotroph to Parasitic Lifestyle.

Journal Article Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · July 2022 Fungi of the Conidiobolus group belong to the family Ancylistaceae (Entomophthorales, Entomophthoromycotina, Zoopagomycota) and include over 70 predominantly saprotrophic species in four similar and closely related genera, that were separated phylog ... Full text Cite

Thousands of small, novel genes predicted in global phage genomes.

Journal Article Cell reports · June 2022 Small genes (<150 nucleotides) have been systematically overlooked in phage genomes. We employ a large-scale comparative genomics approach to predict >40,000 small-gene families in ∼2.3 million phage genome contigs. We find that small genes in phage genome ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic conservatism of mycoparasitism and its contribution to pathogen antagonism.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · May 2022 Closely related species are expected to have similar functional traits due to shared ancestry and phylogenetic inertia. However, few tests of this hypothesis are available for plant-associated fungal symbionts. Fungal leaf endophytes occur in all land plan ... Full text Cite

Vegetation and microbes interact to preserve carbon in many wooded peatlands

Journal Article Communications Earth and Environment · December 1, 2021 Peatlands have persisted as massive carbon sinks over millennia, even during past periods of climate change. The commonly accepted theory of abiotic controls (mainly anoxia and low temperature) over carbon decomposition cannot fully explain how vast low-la ... Full text Open Access Cite

Heterospecific Neighbor Plants Impact Root Microbiome Diversity and Molecular Function of Root Fungi

Journal Article Frontiers in Microbiology · November 4, 2021 Within the forest community, competition and facilitation between adjacent-growing conspecific and heterospecific plants are mediated by interactions involving common mycorrhizal networks. The ability of plants to alter their neighbor’s microbiome is well ... Full text Cite

Response of fungal communities to fire in a subtropical peatland

Journal Article Plant and Soil · September 1, 2021 Purpose: Wildfire, an increasing disturbance in peatlands, could dramatically change carbon stocks and reshape plant/microbial communities, with long-lasting effects on peatland functions. Soil fungi are important in controlling the belowground carbon and ... Full text Open Access Cite

Hybrid Genome Assembly and Gene Repertoire of the Root Endophyte Clitopilus hobsonii QYL-10 (Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycetes).

Journal Article Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · June 2021 Featured Publication Clitopilus hobsonii (Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycetes) is a common soil saprotroph. There is also evidence that C. hobsonii can act as a root endophyte benefitting tree growth. Here, we report the genome assembly of C. hobsonii Full text Cite

Comparative genomics reveals dynamic genome evolution in host specialist ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Journal Article The New phytologist · April 2021 Featured Publication While there has been significant progress characterizing the 'symbiotic toolkit' of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, how host specificity may be encoded into ECM fungal genomes remains poorly understood. We conducted a comparative genomic analysis of ECM funga ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic diversity of 200+ isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum associated with Populus trichocarpa soils in the Pacific Northwest, USA and comparison to globally distributed representatives.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2021 Featured Publication The ectomycorrhizal fungal symbiont Cenococcum geophilum is of high interest as it is globally distributed, associates with many plant species, and has resistance to multiple environmental stressors. C. geophilum is only known from asexual states but is of ... Full text Cite

Fungal heavy metal adaptation through single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy-number variation.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · November 2020 Human-altered environments can shape the evolution of organisms. Fungi are no exception, although little is known about how they withstand anthropogenic pollution. Here, we document adaptation in the mycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus driven by soil heavy m ... Full text Cite

Large-scale genome sequencing of mycorrhizal fungi provides insights into the early evolution of symbiotic traits.

Journal Article Nature communications · October 2020 Mycorrhizal fungi are mutualists that play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition in terrestrial ecosystems. Mycorrhizal symbioses arose repeatedly across multiple lineages of Mucoromycotina, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Considerable variation exists in t ... Full text Cite

Draft Genome Sequence Resource for Blumeriella jaapii, the Cherry Leaf Spot Pathogen.

Journal Article Phytopathology · September 2020 Blumeriella jaapii is the causal agent of cherry leaf spot (CLS), the most important disease of tart cherry in the Midwestern United States. Infection of leaves by B. jaapii leads to premature defoliation, which places trees at heightened ris ... Full text Cite

Investigating the mycobiome of the Holcomb Creosote Superfund Site.

Journal Article Chemosphere · August 2020 Even though many fungi are known to degrade a range of organic chemicals and may be advantageous for targeting hydrophobic chemicals with low bioavailability due to their ability to secrete extracellular enzymes, fungi are not commonly leveraged in the con ... Full text Cite

Ectomycorrhizal Plant-Fungal Co-invasions as Natural Experiments for Connecting Plant and Fungal Traits to Their Ecosystem Consequences

Journal Article Frontiers in Forests and Global Change · July 14, 2020 Introductions and invasions by fungi, especially pathogens and mycorrhizal fungi, are widespread and potentially highly consequential for native ecosystems, but may also offer opportunities for linking microbial traits to their ecosystem functions. In part ... Full text Cite

Mortierella elongata increases plant biomass among non-leguminous crop species

Journal Article Agronomy · May 1, 2020 Recent studies have shown that M. elongata (M. elongata) isolated from Populus field sites has a dual endophyte–saprotroph lifestyle and is able to promote the growth of Populus. However, little is known about the host fidelity of M. elongata and whether M ... Full text Cite

Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity predicted to substantially decline due to climate changes in North American Pinaceae forests

Journal Article Journal of Biogeography · March 1, 2020 Aim: Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) are partners in a globally distributed tree symbiosis implicated in most major ecosystem functions. However, resilience of ECMF to future climates is uncertain. We forecast these changes over the extent of North American P ... Full text Cite

Subsidized or stressed? Shifts in freshwater benthic microbial metagenomics along a gradient of alkaline coal mine drainage

Journal Article Limnology and Oceanography · January 1, 2020 Chemical pollution mixtures enter aquatic environments and interact with microorganisms in eclectic ways with disparate consequences for microbial ecosystem services. Can using a thermodynamic framework help to determine the net influence of a chemical mix ... Full text Cite

Fungal Endophytes of Populus trichocarpa Alter Host Phenotype, Gene Expression, and Rhizobiome Composition.

Journal Article Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · July 2019 Mortierella and Ilyonectria genera include common species of soil fungi that are frequently detected as root endophytes in many plants, including Populus spp. However, the ecological roles of these and other endophytic fungi with respe ... Full text Cite

Increasing access to microfluidics for studying fungi and other branched biological structures

Journal Article Fungal Biology and Biotechnology · June 10, 2019 Background: Microfluidic systems are well-suited for studying mixed biological communities for improving industrial processes of fermentation, biofuel production, and pharmaceutical production. The results of which have the potential to resolve the underly ... Full text Cite

Spatiotemporal Transformation in the Alkaloid Profile of Pinus Roots in Response to Mycorrhization.

Journal Article Journal of natural products · May 2019 Root alkaloids remain highly unexplored in ectomycorrhizae development studies. By employing ultrahigh mass resolution mass spectrometry imaging techniques, we showed substantial relocation and transformation of piperidine alkaloids in pine root tips in re ... Full text Cite

Suilloid fungi as global drivers of pine invasions.

Journal Article The New phytologist · April 2019 Belowground biota can deeply influence plant invasion. The presence of appropriate soil mutualists can act as a driver to enable plants to colonize new ranges. We reviewed the species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) that facilitate pine establishment in bot ... Full text Cite

Fungal-Bacterial Networks in the Populus Rhizobiome Are Impacted by Soil Properties and Host Genotype.

Journal Article Frontiers in microbiology · January 2019 Plant root-associated microbial symbionts comprise the plant rhizobiome. These microbes function in provisioning nutrients and water to their hosts, impacting plant health and disease. The plant microbiome is shaped by plant species, plant genotype, soil a ... Full text Cite

Microfluidics and Metabolomics Reveal Symbiotic Bacterial-Fungal Interactions Between Mortierella elongata and Burkholderia Include Metabolite Exchange.

Journal Article Frontiers in microbiology · January 2019 We identified two poplar (Populus sp.)-associated microbes, the fungus, Mortierella elongata strain AG77, and the bacterium, Burkholderia strain BT03, that mutually promote each other's growth. Using culture assays in concert with a no ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic taxon definitions for Fungi, Dikarya, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

Journal Article IMA Fungus · December 1, 2018 Phylogenetic taxon definitions (PTDs) are explicit, phylogeny-based statements that specify clades. PTDs are central to the system of rank-free classification that is governed by the PhyloCode, but they can also be used to clarify the meanings of ranked na ... Full text Cite

Emission Factors of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Environmental Bacteria and Fungi.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2018 Knowledge of the factors controlling the diverse chemical emissions of common environmental bacteria and fungi is crucial because they are important signal molecules for these microbes that also could influence humans. We show here not only a high diversit ... Full text Cite

Erratum to “Characterization of a novel, ubiquitous fungal endophyte from the rhizosphere and root endosphere of Populus trees” [Fungal Ecol. 27 (Part A) (June 2017) 78–86](S1754504817300326)(10.1016/j.funeco.2017.03.001)

Journal Article Fungal Ecology · June 1, 2018 The publisher regrets that un-corrected proof version of the article was printed in the issue. The correct version can be found online https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2017.03.001. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic and Phylogenomic Definition of Rhizopus Species.

Journal Article G3 (Bethesda) · May 31, 2018 Phylogenomic approaches have the potential to improve confidence about the inter-relationships of species in the order Mucorales within the fungal tree of life. Rhizopus species are especially important as plant and animal pathogens and bioindustrial ferme ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Populus holobiont: dissecting the effects of plant niches and genotype on the microbiome.

Journal Article Microbiome · February 2018 BackgroundMicroorganisms serve important functions within numerous eukaryotic host organisms. An understanding of the variation in the plant niche-level microbiome, from rhizosphere soils to plant canopies, is imperative to gain a better understan ... Full text Cite

Scattered far and wide: A broadly distributed temperate dune grass finds familiar fungal root associates in its invasive range

Journal Article Soil Biology and Biochemistry · September 1, 2017 Deterministic and stochastic factors interact to generate biogeographic patterns in fungal communities, challenging efforts to predict which fungal assemblages will develop in association with introduced plants. The coastal dune grass Ammophila arenaria ha ... Full text Cite

Comparative genomics of Mortierella elongata and its bacterial endosymbiont Mycoavidus cysteinexigens.

Journal Article Environmental microbiology · August 2017 Endosymbiosis of bacteria by eukaryotes is a defining feature of cellular evolution. In addition to well-known bacterial origins for mitochondria and chloroplasts, multiple origins of bacterial endosymbiosis are known within the cells of diverse animals, p ... Full text Cite

Investigating niche partitioning of ectomycorrhizal fungi in specialized rooting zones of the monodominant leguminous tree Dicymbe corymbosa.

Journal Article The New phytologist · July 2017 Temperate ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi show segregation whereby some species dominate in organic layers and others favor mineral soils. Weak layering in tropical soils is hypothesized to decrease niche space and therefore reduce the diversity of ectomycorrh ... Full text Cite

Characterization of a novel, ubiquitous fungal endophyte from the rhizosphere and root endosphere of Populus trees

Journal Article Fungal Ecology · June 1, 2017 We examined variation in growth rate, patterns of nitrogen utilization, and competitive interactions of Atractiella rhizophila isolates from the roots of Populus hosts. Atractiella grew significantly faster on media substituted with inorganic nitrogen sour ... Full text Cite

Continental-level population differentiation and environmental adaptation in the mushroom Suillus brevipes.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · April 2017 Recent advancements in sequencing technology allowed researchers to better address the patterns and mechanisms involved in microbial environmental adaptation at large spatial scales. Here we investigated the genomic basis of adaptation to climate at the co ... Full text Cite

Integrated proteomics and metabolomics suggests symbiotic metabolism and multimodal regulation in a fungal-endobacterial system.

Journal Article Environmental microbiology · March 2017 Many plant-associated fungi host endosymbiotic endobacteria with reduced genomes. While endobacteria play important roles in these tri-partite plant-fungal-endobacterial systems, the active physiology of fungal endobacteria has not been characterized exten ... Full text Cite

Survey of corticioid fungi in North American pinaceous forests reveals hyperdiversity, underpopulated sequence databases, and species that are potentially ectomycorrhizal.

Journal Article Mycologia · January 2017 The corticioid fungi are commonly encountered, highly diverse, ecologically important, and understudied. We collected specimens in 60 pine and spruce forests across North America to survey corticioid fungal frequency and distribution and to compile an inte ... Full text Cite

Atractiella rhizophila, sp. nov., an endorrhizal fungus isolated from the Populus root microbiome.

Journal Article Mycologia · January 2017 Among fungi isolated from healthy root mycobiomes of Populus, we discovered a new endorrhizal fungal species belonging to the rust lineage Pucciniomycotina, described here as Atractiella rhizophila. We characterized this species by transmission electron mi ... Full text Cite

Metatranscriptomic Study of Common and Host-Specific Patterns of Gene Expression between Pines and Their Symbiotic Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in the Genus Suillus.

Journal Article PLoS genetics · October 2016 Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) represent one of the major guilds of symbiotic fungi associated with roots of forest trees, where they function to improve plant nutrition and fitness in exchange for plant carbon. Many groups of EMF exhibit preference or specif ... Full text Cite

A native and an invasive dune grass share similar, patchily distributed, root-associated fungal communities

Journal Article Fungal Ecology · October 1, 2016 Fungi are ubiquitous occupiers of plant roots, yet the impact of host identity on fungal community composition is not well understood. Invasive plants may benefit from reduced pathogen impact when competing with native plants, but suffer if mutualists are ... Full text Cite

A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data.

Journal Article Mycologia · September 2016 Zygomycete fungi were classified as a single phylum, Zygomycota, based on sexual reproduction by zygospores, frequent asexual reproduction by sporangia, absence of multicellular sporocarps, and production of coenocytic hyphae, all with some exceptions. Mol ... Full text Cite

Production and turnover of ectomycorrhizal extramatrical mycelial biomass and necromass under elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization.

Journal Article The New phytologist · August 2016 Extramatrical mycelia (EMM) of ectomycorrhizal fungi are important in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in forests, but poor knowledge about EMM biomass and necromass turnovers makes the quantification of their role problematic. We studied the impacts of ... Full text Cite

Isolating a functionally relevant guild of fungi from the root microbiome of Populus

Journal Article Fungal Ecology · August 1, 2016 Plant roots interact with a bewilderingly complex community of microbes, including root-associated fungi that are essential for maintaining plant health. To improve understanding of the diversity of fungi in the rhizobiome of Populus deltoides, Populus tri ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic relationships of Rhizoctonia fungi within the Cantharellales.

Journal Article Fungal biology · April 2016 Phylogenetic relationships of Rhizoctonia fungi within the order Cantharellales were studied using sequence data from portions of the ribosomal DNA cluster regions ITS-LSU, rpb2, tef1, and atp6 for 50 taxa, and public sequence data from the rpb2 locus for ... Full text Cite

A New Perspective on Sustainable Soil Remediation-Case Study Suggests Novel Fungal Genera Could Facilitate in situ Biodegradation of Hazardous Contaminants.

Journal Article Remediation (New York, N.Y.) · January 2016 Deciding upon a cost effective and sustainable method to address soil pollution is a challenge for many remedial project managers. High pressure to quickly achieve cleanup goals pushes for energy-intensive remedies that rapidly address the contaminants of ... Full text Cite

Genetic isolation between two recently diverged populations of a symbiotic fungus.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · June 2015 Fungi are an omnipresent and highly diverse group of organisms, making up a significant part of eukaryotic diversity. Little is currently known about the drivers of fungal population differentiation and subsequent divergence of species, particularly in sym ... Full text Cite

Prospects and challenges for fungal metatranscriptomics of complex communities

Journal Article Fungal Ecology · April 1, 2015 The ability to extract and purify messenger RNA directly from plants, decomposing organic matter and soil, followed by high-throughput sequencing of the pool of expressed genes, has spawned the emerging research area of metatranscriptomics. Each metatransc ... Full text Cite

A continental view of pine-associated ectomycorrhizal fungal spore banks: a quiescent functional guild with a strong biogeographic pattern.

Journal Article The New phytologist · March 2015 Ecologists have long acknowledged the importance of seed banks; yet, despite the fact that many plants rely on mycorrhizal fungi for survival and growth, the structure of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal spore banks remains poorly understood. The primary goal ... Full text Cite

Metatranscriptomic analysis of ectomycorrhizal roots reveals genes associated with Piloderma-Pinus symbiosis: improved methodologies for assessing gene expression in situ.

Journal Article Environmental microbiology · December 2014 Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi form symbiotic associations with plant roots that regulate nutrient exchange between forest plants and soil. Environmental metagenomics approaches that employ next-generation sequencing show great promise for studying EM symbiose ... Full text Cite

Taxonomic revision and examination of ecological transitions of the Lyophyllaceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) based on a multigene phylogeny

Journal Article Cryptogamie, Mycologie · December 1, 2014 We explored evolutionary relationships within the Lyophyllaceae by combining sequence data from six loci. The most likely phylogram led us to reconsider the Lyophyllaceae classification with the recognition of two new genera (Myochromella and Sagaranella) ... Full text Cite

Draft Genome Sequence of the Plant-Pathogenic Soil Fungus Rhizoctonia solani Anastomosis Group 3 Strain Rhs1AP.

Journal Article Genome announcements · October 2014 The soil fungus Rhizoctonia solani is a pathogen of agricultural crops. Here, we report on the 51,705,945 bp draft consensus genome sequence of R. solani strain Rhs1AP. A comprehensive understanding of the heterokaryotic genome complexity and organization ... Full text Cite

Plant host and soil origin influence fungal and bacterial assemblages in the roots of woody plants.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · July 2014 Microbial communities in plant roots provide critical links between above- and belowground processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Variation in root communities has been attributed to plant host effects and microbial host preferences, as well as to factors pe ... Full text Cite

Endemism and functional convergence across the North American soil mycobiome.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · April 2014 Identifying the ecological processes that structure communities and the consequences for ecosystem function is a central goal of ecology. The recognition that fungi, bacteria, and viruses control key ecosystem functions has made microbial communities a maj ... Full text Cite

Mobile elements and mitochondrial genome expansion in the soil fungus and potato pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-3.

Journal Article FEMS microbiology letters · March 2014 The soil fungus Rhizoctonia solani is an economically important pathogen of agricultural and forestry crops. Here, we present the complete sequence and analysis of the mitochondrial genome of R. solani, field isolate Rhs1AP. The genome (235 849 bp) is the ... Full text Cite

Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales)

Journal Article Fungal Diversity · January 1, 2014 Molecular phylogenies using 1-4 gene regions and information on ecology, morphology and pigment chemistry were used in a partial revision of the agaric family Hygro- phoraceae. The phylogenetically supported genera we recognize here in the Hygrophoraceae b ... Full text Cite

Pathogen regulation of plant diversity via effective specialization.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · December 2013 The Janzen-Connell (JC) hypothesis, one of the most influential hypotheses explaining forest diversity, is inconsistent with evidence that tree species share the same natural enemies. Through the discussion of seedling diseases from a pathogen-centered per ... Full text Cite

Nectar Inhabiting Yeasts in Virginian Populations of Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae) and Coflowering Species

Journal Article American midland naturalist. · April 2013 Nectar inhabiting yeasts are commonly found in many plant species. Even though these microorganisms are abundant, much is still unknown about the communities of these microorganisms within and among plant species as well as the diversity of these microorga ... Cite

High diversity and widespread occurrence of mitotic spore mats in ectomycorrhizal Pezizales.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · March 2013 Fungal mitospores may function as dispersal units and/ or spermatia and thus play a role in distribution and/or mating of species that produce them. Mitospore production in ectomycorrhizal (EcM) Pezizales is rarely reported, but here we document mitospore ... Full text Cite

Independent roles of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic communities in soil organic matter decomposition

Journal Article Soil Biology and Biochemistry. · February 2013 The relative roles of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic communities in controlling the decomposition of soil organic matter remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that ECM community structure and activity influences the breakdown of nutrient-rich bi ... Full text Cite

A multifactor analysis of fungal and bacterial community structure in the root microbiome of mature Populus deltoides trees.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2013 Bacterial and fungal communities associated with plant roots are central to the host health, survival and growth. However, a robust understanding of the root-microbiome and the factors that drive host associated microbial community structure have remained ... Full text Cite

Sequential utilization of hosts from different fly families by genetically distinct, sympatric populations within the Entomophthora muscae species complex.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2013 The fungus Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthoromycota, Entomophthorales, Entomophthoraceae) is a widespread insect pathogen responsible for fatal epizootic events in many dipteran fly hosts. During epizootics in 2011 and 2012 in Durham, North Carolina, we o ... Full text Cite

Changes in Fungal Community Composition in Response to Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Nitrogen Fertilization Varies with Soil Horizon.

Journal Article Frontiers in microbiology · January 2013 Increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and rates of nitrogen (N)-deposition to forest ecosystems are predicted to alter the structure and function of soil fungal communities, but the spatially heterogeneous distribution of soil fungi has ham ... Full text Cite

New species and distribution records for Clavulina (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) from the Guiana Shield, with a key to the lowland neotropical taxa.

Journal Article Fungal biology · December 2012 Three new and one previously described species of Clavulina (Clavulinaceae, Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) are reported from the central Guiana Shield region from tropical rainforests dominated by ectomycorrhizal trees of the leguminous genus Dicymbe (Faba ... Full text Cite

Assessing ectomycorrhizal fungal spore banks of truffle producing soils with pecan seedling trap-plants

Journal Article Plant and Soil · July 1, 2012 Background and Aims: Recently, the truffle species Tuber lyonii Butters was found to be dominant in ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal communities of cultivated pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch). Many truffle fungi exhibit the trait of effectively c ... Full text Cite

Common bacterial responses in six ecosystems exposed to 10 years of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Journal Article Environmental microbiology · May 2012 Six terrestrial ecosystems in the USA were exposed to elevated atmospheric CO(2) in single or multifactorial experiments for more than a decade to assess potential impacts. We retrospectively assessed soil bacterial community responses in all six-field exp ... Full text Cite

Ascomycete phylotypes recovered from a Gulf of Mexico methane seep are identical to an uncultured deep-sea fungal clade from the Pacific

Journal Article Fungal Ecology · April 1, 2012 Deep-sea endemic fungi are one component of an under-sampled invisible biosphere whose contribution to benthic ecosystems is not yet understood. In the last decade, molecular techniques have facilitated the discovery of several new deep-sea fungal groups, ... Full text Cite

Evaluating the impacts of multiple generalist fungal pathogens on temperate tree seedling survival.

Journal Article Ecology · March 2012 Host-specific mortality driven by natural enemies is a widely discussed mechanism for explaining plant diversity. In principle, populations of plant species can be regulated by distinct host-specific natural enemies that have weak or nonexistent effects on ... Full text Cite

New species of Clavulina (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) with resupinate and effused basidiomata from the Guiana Shield.

Journal Article Mycologia · March 2012 Three new species of Clavulina (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) are described from rainforests dominated by ectomycorrhizal trees of the leguminous genus Dicymbe (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae) from the central Guiana Shield. Species of Clavulina typica ... Full text Cite

Molecular phylogeny of the Entomophthoromycota:

Journal Article Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · 2012 Cite

Phylogenetic lineages in Entomophthoromycota.

Journal Article Persoonia. · 2012 Cite

Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified Southern hemisphere sister lineage

Journal Article PLOS ONE (in press) · 2012 2. Bonito, Gregory, Matthew E. Smith, Michael Nowak, Rosanne A. Healy, Gonzalo Guevara, ,Efren Cázares, Akihiko Kinoshita, Eduardo R. Nouhra, Laura S. Domínguez, Leho Tedersoo, Claude Murat, Yun Wang, Baldomero, Arroyo Moreno, Donald H. Pfister, Kazuhide ... Cite

Ectomycorrhizal fungal community in a tropical forest dominated by the Neotropical Dipterocarp, Pakaraimea dipterocarpaceae

Journal Article PLOS ONE (in press) · 2012 16. Smith ME, Henkel TW, Uehling JK, Fremier AK, Clarke HD, Vilgalys R. (2013) Ectomycorrhizal fungal community in a tropical forest dominated by the Neotropical Dipterocarp, Pakaraimea dipterocarpaceae. PloS One. In press ... Cite

New species of Clavulina (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) with resupinate and effused basidiomata from the Guiana Shield

Journal Article Mycologia · 2012 18. Uehling JK, Henkel TW, Aime MC, Vilgalys R, Smith ME. (2012). ... Cite

Entocybe is proposed as a new genus in the Entolomataceae (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) based on morphological and molecular evidence

Journal Article North American Fungi · December 1, 2011 Morphological and molecular characteristics support the recognition of a welldefined taxonomic group within the Entolomataceae. The distinctive basidiospore form and a three locus DNA analysis separate the species that share these characteristics from othe ... Full text Cite

Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure on three co-occurring leguminous canopy tree species in a Neotropical rainforest

Journal Article New Phytol · November 2011 * The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis was historically considered restricted to the temperate zones, but recent studies have shown the importance of this symbiosis across the tropics. We examined ECM fungal diversity, host plant phylogeny and ECM host pref ... Full text Link to item Cite

Responses of soil cellulolytic fungal communities to elevated atmospheric CO₂ are complex and variable across five ecosystems.

Journal Article Environmental microbiology · October 2011 Elevated atmospheric CO(2) generally increases plant productivity and subsequently increases the availability of cellulose in soil to microbial decomposers. As key cellulose degraders, soil fungi are likely to be one of the most impacted and responsive mic ... Full text Cite

Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity in orchards of cultivated pecan (Carya illinoinensis; Juglandaceae).

Journal Article Mycorrhiza · October 2011 Carya illinoinensis (pecan) belongs to the Juglandaceae (walnut family) and is a major economic nut crop in the southern USA. Although evidence suggests that some species in the Juglandaceae are ectomycorrhizal, investigations on their ectomycorrhizal fung ... Full text Cite

Distinct microbial communities within the endosphere and rhizosphere of Populus deltoides roots across contrasting soil types.

Journal Article Applied and environmental microbiology · September 2011 The root-rhizosphere interface of Populus is the nexus of a variety of associations between bacteria, fungi, and the host plant and an ideal model for studying interactions between plants and microorganisms. However, such studies have generally been confin ... Full text Cite

Molecular phylogeny of the Blastocladiomycota (Fungi) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA.

Journal Article Fungal biology · April 2011 The Blastocladiomycota is a recently described phylum of ecologically diverse zoosporic fungi whose species have not been thoroughly sampled and placed within a molecular phylogeny. In this study, we investigated the phylogeny of the Blastocladiomycota bas ... Full text Cite

The Asian black truffle Tuber indicum can form ectomycorrhizas with North American host plants and complete its life cycle in non-native soils

Journal Article Fungal Ecology · February 1, 2011 The Asian black truffle Tuber indicum is morphologically and phylogenetically similar to the European black truffle Tuber melanosporum. T. indicum is considered a threat to T. melanosporum trufficulture due to its presumed competitiveness and broad host co ... Full text Cite

Structure, function, and phylogeny of the mating locus in the Rhizopus oryzae complex.

Journal Article PLoS One · December 9, 2010 The Rhizopus oryzae species complex is a group of zygomycete fungi that are common, cosmopolitan saprotrophs. Some strains are used beneficially for production of Asian fermented foods but they can also act as opportunistic human pathogens. Although R. ory ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A global meta-analysis of Tuber ITS rDNA sequences: species diversity, host associations and long-distance dispersal.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · November 2010 Truffles (Tuber) are ectomycorrhizal fungi characterized by hypogeous fruitbodies. Their biodiversity, host associations and geographical distributions are not well documented. ITS rDNA sequences of Tuber are commonly recovered from molecular surveys of fu ... Full text Cite

Improved resolution of major clades within Tuber and taxonomy of species within the Tuber gibbosum complex.

Journal Article Mycologia · September 2010 Tuber gibbosum Harkn., described from northern California, originally was thought to be a single, variable species that fruited from autumn through winter to spring. It has become popular as a culinary truffle in northwestern USA, where it is commercially ... Full text Cite

Identification of fungi associated with municipal compost using DNA-based techniques.

Journal Article Bioresource technology · February 2010 Fungi are important in terrestrial decay processes. However, fungi associated with organic decay during composting are still not well known. In this study culture-independent methods were used to identify fungi associated with composting organic municipal ... Full text Cite

The search for the fungal tree of life.

Journal Article Trends in microbiology · November 2009 The Fungi comprise a diverse kingdom of eukaryotes that are characterized by a typically filamentous but sometimes unicellular vegetative form, and heterotrophic, absorptive nutrition. Their simple morphologies and variable ecological strategies have confo ... Full text Cite

Expression of genes involved in symbiotic carbon and nitrogen transport in Pinus taeda mycorrhizal roots exposed to CO2 enrichment and nitrogen fertilization.

Journal Article Mycorrhiza · September 2009 As atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentrations rise, one important mechanism by which plants can gain greater access to necessary soil nutrients is through greater investment in their mycorrhizal symbionts. In this study, we tested the hypotheses tha ... Full text Cite

Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.

Journal Article PLoS Pathog · May 2009 The fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is enigmatic because it occurs globally in both declining and apparently healthy (non-declining) amphibian populations. This distribution has fueled debate concerning whether, i ... Cite

Phylogeny and phenotypic characterization of pathogenic Cryptococcus species and closely related saprobic taxa in the Tremellales.

Journal Article Eukaryot Cell · March 2009 The basidiomycetous yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are closely related sibling species that cause respiratory and neurological disease in humans and animals. Within these two recognized species, phylogenetic analysis reveals at leas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Environmental and anthropogenic controls over bacterial communities in wetland soils.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2008 Soil bacteria regulate wetland biogeochemical processes, yet little is known about controls over their distribution and abundance. Bacteria in North Carolina swamps and bogs differ greatly from Florida Everglades fens, where communities studied were unexpe ... Full text Cite

Widespread occurrence and phylogenetic placement of a soil clone group adds a prominent new branch to the fungal tree of life.

Journal Article Molecular phylogenetics and evolution · February 2008 Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of Eukarya and play essential roles in terrestrial ecosystems as decomposers, pathogens and mutualists. This study unifies disparate reports of unclassified fungal sequences from soils of diverse origins and anchors ... Full text Cite

Molecular phylogeny suggests a single origin of insect symbiosis in the Pucciniomycetes with support for some relationships within the genus Septobasidium

Journal Article American Journal of Botany. · September 2007 In the Pucciniomycetes, a class of fungi that includes the plant pathogenic rust fungi, insect parasitism is restricted to a single family, the Septobasidiaceae. The Septobasidiaceae form a variety of symbioses with scale insects and have remained largely ... Full text Cite

Phylogeography of the Solanaceae-infecting Basidiomycota fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 based on sequence analysis of two nuclear DNA loci.

Journal Article BMC evolutionary biology · September 2007 BackgroundThe soil fungus Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 (AG-3) is an important pathogen of cultivated plants in the family Solanaceae. Isolates of R. solani AG-3 are taxonomically related based on the composition of cellular fatty acids, ... Full text Cite

Diversity and phylogenetic affinities of foliar fungal endophytes in loblolly pine inferred by culturing and environmental PCR.

Journal Article Mycologia · March 2007 We examined endophytic fungi in asymptomatic foliage of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in North Carolina, U.S.A., with four goals: (i) to evaluate morphotaxa, BLAST matches and groups based on sequence similarity as functional taxonomic units; (ii) to explore ... Full text Cite

Biomass and compositional responses of ectomycorrhizal fungal hyphae to elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization.

Journal Article The New phytologist · January 2007 The extramatrical mycelia (EMM) of ectomycorrhizal fungi make up a large proportion of the microbial diversity and biomass in temperate forest soils. Thus, their response to elevated CO(2) can have large effects on plant nutrient acquisition and carbon mov ... Full text Cite

A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi

Journal Article Mycological Research · 2007 Cite

Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview.

Journal Article Mycologia · November 2006 An overview of the phylogeny of the Agaricales is presented based on a multilocus analysis of a six-gene region supermatrix. Bayesian analyses of 5611 nucleotide characters of rpb1, rpb1-intron 2, rpb2 and 18S, 25S, and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes recovered s ... Full text Cite

The cantharelloid clade: dealing with incongruent gene trees and phylogenetic reconstruction methods.

Journal Article Mycologia · November 2006 We reassessed the circumscription of the cantharelloid clade and identified monophyletic groups by using nLSU, nSSU, mtSSU and RPB2 sequence data. Results agreed with earlier studies that placed the genera Cantharellus, Craterellus, Hydnum, Clavulina, Memb ... Full text Cite

A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi (Chytridiomycota) and description of a new phylum (Blastocladiomycota).

Journal Article Mycologia · November 2006 Chytridiomycota (chytrids) is the only phylum of true Fungi that reproduces with motile spores (zoospores). Chytrids currently are classified into five orders based on habitat, zoospore characters and life cycles. In this paper we estimate the phylogeny of ... Full text Cite

CO2-enrichment and nutrient availability alter ectomycorrhizal fungal communities.

Journal Article Ecology · September 2006 Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), a phylogenetically and physiologically diverse guild, form symbiotic associations with many trees and greatly enhance their uptake of nutrients and water. Elevated CO2, which increases plant carbon supply and demand for mineral ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic utility of indels within ribosomal DNA and beta-tubulin sequences from fungi in the Rhizoctonia solani species complex.

Journal Article Molecular phylogenetics and evolution · August 2006 The genus Rhizoctonia consists of a diverse assemblage of anamorphic fungi frequently associated with plants and soil throughout the world. Some anamorphs are related with teleomorphs (sexual stage) in different taxonomic classes, orders, and families. The ... Full text Cite

Multilocus sequence typing reveals three genetic subpopulations of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), including a unique population in Botswana.

Journal Article Genetics · April 2006 We applied multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to investigate the population structure and mode of reproduction of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A). This MLST system utilizes 12 unlinked polymorphic loci, which are dispersed on nine different ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evolution of the bipolar mating system of the mushroom Coprinellus disseminatus from its tetrapolar ancestors involves loss of mating-type-specific pheromone receptor function.

Journal Article Genetics · March 2006 Mating incompatibility in mushroom fungi is controlled by the mating-type loci. In tetrapolar species, two unlinked mating-type loci exist (A and B), whereas in bipolar species there is only one locus. The A and B mating-type loci encode homeodomain transc ... Full text Cite

Geographic variation in algal partners of Cladonia subtenuis (Cladoniaceae) highlights the dynamic nature of a lichen symbiosis.

Journal Article The New phytologist · January 2006 Multiple interacting factors may explain variation present in symbiotic associations, including fungal specificity, algal availability, mode of transmission and fungal selectivity. To separate these factors, we sampled the lichenized Cladonia subtenuis and ... Full text Cite

Quantitative analyses of nitrogen cycling genes in soils

Journal Article Pedobiologia · November 30, 2005 Soil nitrogen cycling is accomplished by a diverse microbial community using several nitrogen functional genes (NFGs). The relationship between the composition of these communities and nitrogen cycling processes is poorly understood. We developed technique ... Full text Cite

Fungal community analysis by large-scale sequencing of environmental samples.

Journal Article Applied and environmental microbiology · September 2005 Fungi are an important and diverse component of soil communities, but these communities have proven difficult to study in conventional biotic surveys. We evaluated soil fungal diversity at two sites in a temperate forest using direct isolation of small-sub ... Full text Cite

Assessment of soil microbial community structure by use of taxon-specific quantitative PCR assays.

Journal Article Applied and environmental microbiology · July 2005 Here we describe a quantitative PCR-based approach to estimating the relative abundances of major taxonomic groups of bacteria and fungi in soil. Primers were thoroughly tested for specificity, and the method was applied to three distinct soils. The techni ... Full text Cite

Notes on Agaricus section Duploannulati using molecular and morphological data.

Journal Article Mycological research · June 2005 The position of several endemic and rare species in Agaricus sect. Dulploannulati and the limits of the section were investigated by analysis of sequence data from the ribosomal DNA ITS. The results supported the recognition of two groups, which we treat a ... Cite

Comparative analysis of environmental and clinical populations of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 2005 Cryptococcus neoformans is a major, global cause of meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Despite advances in the molecular epidemiology of C. neoformans, its population structure and mode of reproduction are not well understood. In the enviro ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Crepidotaceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera and revision of the family based on molecular evidence

Journal Article American journal of botany · January 2005 Advances in phylogenetic systematics have clarified the position of most major homobasidiomycete lineages. In contrast, the status of the Crepidotaceae, a historically controversial family of dark-spored agarics, remains unaddressed. In this paper, current ... Full text Cite

Phylogeny and evolution of medical species of Candida and related taxa: a multigenic analysis.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 2004 Hemiascomycetes are species of yeasts within the order Saccharomycetales. The order encompasses disparate genera with a variety of life styles, including opportunistic human pathogens (e.g., Candida albicans), plant pathogens (e.g., Eremothecium gossypii), ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strong fungal specificity and selectivity for algal symbionts in Florida scrub Cladonia lichens.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · November 2004 Symbiosis is a major theme in the history of life and can be an important force driving evolution. However, across symbioses, it is difficult to tease apart the mechanisms that structure the interactions among potential partners. We used genetic similarity ... Full text Cite

Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits.

Journal Article American journal of botany · October 2004 Based on an overview of progress in molecular systematics of the true fungi (Fungi/Eumycota) since 1990, little overlap was found among single-locus data matrices, which explains why no large-scale multilocus phylogenetic analysis had been undertaken to re ... Full text Cite

Toward a better understanding of the infrageneric relationships in Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota).

Journal Article Mycologia · September 2004 Research on the molecular systematics of Cortinarius, a species-rich mushroom genus with nearly global distribution, is just beginning. The present study explores infrageneric relationships using rDNA ITS and LSU sequence data. One large dataset of 132 rDN ... Full text Cite

Toward a better understanding of the infrageneric relationships in Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota).

Journal Article Mycologia · September 2004 Research on the molecular systematics of Cortinarius, a species-rich mushroom genus with nearly global distribution, is just beginning. The present study explores infrageneric relationships using rDNA ITS and LSU sequence data. One large dataset of 132 rDN ... Cite

The genetic structure and diversity of the A and B mating-type genes from the tropical oyster mushroom, Pleurotus djamor.

Journal Article Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B · August 2004 In most heterothallic mushroom species, inbreeding is avoided by an incompatibility system determined by two loci each with multiple alleles (the A and B mating-type loci). In this study we investigated the genetic structure of the mating-type loci in the ... Full text Cite

A genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans serotype D (Filobasidiella neoformans).

Journal Article Genetics · June 2004 To construct a genetic linkage map of the heterothallic yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans (Filobasidiella neoformans), we crossed two mating-compatible strains and analyzed 94 progeny for the segregation of 301 polymorphic markers, consisting of 228 restricti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evolution of the gene encoding mitochondrial intermediate peptidase and its cosegregation with the A mating-type locus of mushroom fungi.

Journal Article Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B · March 2004 The high level of DNA polymorphism at the mating-type loci of mushroom fungi has made the cloning of mating-type genes difficult. As an alternative to strategies that employ sequence conservation, an approach utilizing conserved gene order could facilitate ... Full text Cite

Molecular phylogeny, biogeography and speciation of the mushroom species Pleurotus cystidiosus and allied taxa.

Journal Article Microbiology (Reading, England) · March 2004 Members of the mushroom genus Pleurotus form a heterogeneous group of edible species of high commercial importance. Subgenus Coremiopleurotus includes taxa that produce synnematoid fructifications (anamorphic state). Several species, subspecies and varieti ... Full text Cite

Evidence of sexual recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates in sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal Article Eukaryot Cell · December 2003 The most common cause of fungal meningitis in humans, Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A, is a basidiomycetous yeast with a bipolar mating system. However, the vast majority (>99.9%) of C. neoformans serotype A isolates possess only one of the two mating t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endophytic Xylaria (Xylariaceae) among liverworts and angiosperms: phylogenetics, distribution, and symbiosis.

Journal Article American journal of botany · November 2003 Nuclear ribosomal 18S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data were used to identify endophytic fungi cultured from six species of liverworts collected in Jamaica and North Carolina. Comparisons with other published fungal sequences and phylogen ... Full text Cite

Taxonomic misidentification in public DNA databases.

Journal Article The New phytologist · October 2003 No Abstract ... Full text Cite

Revisiting the rDNA sequence diversity of a natural population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Acaulospora colossica.

Journal Article Mycorrhiza · August 2003 In 1999, the diversity of a field population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Acaulospora colossica was characterized using DNA sequence data. Since 1999, AM fungal sequences have accumulated rapidly within public databases. Moreover, novel phylog ... Full text Cite

Detecting migrants in populations of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 from potato in North Carolina using multilocus genotype probabilities

Journal Article Phytopathology · May 2003 The relative contribution of migration of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 (AG-3) on infested potato seed tubers originating from production areas in Canada, Maine, and Wisconsin (source population) to the genetic diversity and structure of populatio ... Full text Cite

Detecting Migrants in Populations of Rhizoctonia solani Anastomosis Group 3 from Potato in North Carolina Using Multilocus Genotype Probabilities.

Journal Article Phytopathology · May 2003 ABSTRACT The relative contribution of migration of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 (AG-3) on infested potato seed tubers originating from production areas in Canada, Maine, and Wisconsin (source population) to the genetic diversity and structure of ... Full text Cite

Multilocus sequence typing suggests the chytrid pathogen of amphibians is a recently emerged clone.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · February 2003 Chytridiomycosis is a recently identified fungal disease associated with global population declines of frogs. Although the fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is considered an emerging pathogen, little is known about its population genetics, including ... Full text Cite

Phylogeny of Rozites, Cuphocybe and Rapacea inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA sequences.

Journal Article Mycologia · July 2002 Phylogenetic relationships of Rozites, Cuphocybe, and Rapacea were assessed using molecular phylogenetic approaches. These three genera are placed in Cortinariaceae and have been regarded as closely related to Cortinarius. Rozites includes more than 20 spe ... Full text Cite

Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solutions for core omphalinoid genera in the agaricales (Euagarics).

Journal Article Mycotaxon. · July 2002 The taxonomy of species previously assigned to Omphalina sensu lato or Clitocybe is reevaluated in light of recent molecularly-based phylogenetic hypotheses. Nomenclatural complications involving generic and specific names, lectotypifications and changes t ... Cite

Rozites, cuphocybe and rapacea are taxonomic synonyms of cortinarius: new combinations and new names.

Journal Article Mycotaxon. · July 2002 Results of recent molecular phylogenetic studies using rDNA sequences of ITS and LSU showed that Rozites is nested within Cortinarius and polyphyletic. Rozites spp. were delimited from Cortinarius spp. by having both a membranaceous universal veil and a me ... Cite

Phylogeny of Rozites, Cuphocybe and Rapacea inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA sequences.

Journal Article Mycologia · July 2002 Phylogenetic relationships of Rozites, Cuphocybe, and Rapacea were assessed using molecular phylogenetic approaches. These three genera are placed in Cortinariaceae and have been regarded as closely related to Cortinarius. Rozites includes more than 20 spe ... Full text Cite

Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solutions for bryophilous omphalinoid agarics outside of the Agaricales (Euagarics).

Journal Article Mycotaxon. · June 2002 The taxonomy of several species previously assigned to Omphalina sensu lato or Gerronema is reevaluated in light of recent molecularly based phylogenetic hypotheses. One surmised clade, herein informally labelled the rickenelloid clade, falls outside of th ... Cite

One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics.

Journal Article Mol Phylogenet Evol · June 2002 This study provides a first broad systematic treatment of the euagarics as they have recently emerged in phylogenetic systematics. The sample consists of 877 homobasidiomycete taxa and includes approximately one tenth (ca. 700 species) of the known number ... Full text Cite

Genetic diversity of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 from potato and tobacco in North Carolina.

Journal Article Mycologia · May 2002 Anastomosis group 3 (AG-3) of Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph = Thanatephorus cucumeris) is frequently associated with diseases of potato (AG-3 PT) and tobacco (AG-3 TB). Although isolates of R. solani AG-3 from these two Solanaceous hosts are somatically r ... Full text Cite

Genetic structure of populations of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 on potato in eastern North Carolina.

Journal Article Mycologia · May 2002 A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was developed to identify and differentiate genotypes of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 subgroup PT (AG-3 PT), a fungal pathogen of potato. Polymorphic co-domina ... Full text Cite

Ectomycorrhizal fungi and their leguminous hosts in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana.

Journal Article Mycological research. · May 2002 Ecologically important ectomycorrhizal (EM) associations are poorly known from equatorial rain forests of South America. Recent field studies in the Pakaraima Mountains of western Guyana revealed previously undocumented forests dominated by EM leguminous t ... Full text Cite

Genetic structure of populations of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 on potato in eastern North Carolina.

Journal Article Mycologia · May 2002 A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was developed to identify and differentiate genotypes of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 subgroup PT (AG-3 PT), a fungal pathogen of potato. Polymorphic co-domina ... Cite

Genetic diversity of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 from potato and tobacco in North Carolina.

Journal Article Mycologia · May 2002 Anastomosis group 3 (AG-3) of Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph = Thanatephorus cucumeris) is frequently associated with diseases of potato (AG-3 PT) and tobacco (AG-3 TB). Although isolates of R. solani AG-3 from these two Solanaceous hosts are somatically r ... Cite

Thaxterogaster is a taxonomic synonym of Cortinarius: new combinations and new names.

Journal Article Mycotaxon. · March 2002 Results of our earlier molecular phylogenetic studies using sequences of rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) showed that the genus Thaxterogaster is polyphyletic, and nested within Cortinarius: the secotioid Thaxterogaster spp. having multiple origins ... Cite

Multiple origins of hybrid strains of Cryptococcus neoformans with serotype AD.

Journal Article Microbiology (Reading) · January 2002 Cryptococcus neoformans is a major pathogen of humans throughout the world. Using commercial mAbs to capsular epitopes, strains of C. neoformans manifest five distinct serotypes--A, B, C, D and AD. Previous studies demonstrated significant divergence among ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multiple origins of hybrid strains of Cryptococcus neoformans with serotype AD

Journal Article Microbiology · 2002 Cryptococcus neoformans is a major pathogen of humans throughout the world. Using commercial mAbs to capsular epitopes, strains of C. neoformans manifest five distinct serotypes - A, B, C, D and AD. Previous studies demonstrated significant divergence amon ... Cite

Multiple origins of sequestrate fungi related to Cortinarius (Cortinariaceae).

Journal Article American journal of botany · December 2001 The aim of the present study was to investigate the phylogeny and evolution of sequestrate fungi (with gastroid or partially exposed basidiomes) in relation to their gilled relatives from the Cortinariaceae (Basidiomycetes). Phylogenetic analyses of 151 IT ... Full text Cite

Ribosomal DNA systematics of Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus with Rhizoctonia anamorphs.

Journal Article Mycologia · November 2001 The phylogenetic relationships of anastomosis groups (AG) of Rhizoctonia associated with Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus teleomorphs were determined by cladistic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear- ... Full text Cite

The chromosomal region containing pab-1, mip, and the A mating type locus of the secondarily homothallic homobasidiomycete Coprinus bilanatus.

Journal Article Current genetics · February 2001 In this paper we describe the cloning of the DNA region containing the A1 mating type genes of the secondarily homothallic mushroom Coprinus bilanatus and compare its organization to that of heterothallic homobasidiomycetes. As in other species, the C. bil ... Full text Cite

Abundance and diversity of Schizophyllum commune spore clouds in the Caribbean detected by selective sampling.

Journal Article Molecular ecology · February 2001 Selective spore trapping and molecular genotyping methods were employed to examine potential long-distance gene flow among Caribbean populations of the common mushroom Schizophyllum commune. Spore-trap samples from five locations were analysed using restri ... Full text Cite

Dynamic and heterogeneous mutations to fluconazole resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · February 2001 Infections with the human pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans are often treated with fluconazole. Resistance to this antifungal agent has been reported. This study investigated the patterns of mutation to fluconazole resistance in C. n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infragenic phylogeny of Collybia s. str. based on sequences of ribosomal ITS and LSU regions.

Journal Article Mycological research. · February 2001 Collybia, as understood by Antonin & Noordeloos, comprises four species: C. racemosa, C. tuberosa, C. cirrhata and C. cookei. Collybia tuberosa, C. cirrhata and C. cookei are morphologically similar and are primarily distinguished from each other by th ... Full text Cite

Assessing biogeographic relationships between North American and Chinese macrofungi

Journal Article Journal of biogeography · February 2001 AIM: A close biogeographic relationship between the macrofungi of eastern North America and eastern Asia has been documented based on comparisons of species lists. In addition to having a similar species composition, the two regions are reported to share a ... Full text Cite

Polymorphism at the ribosomal DNA spacers and its relation to breeding structure of the widespread mushroom Schizophyllum commune.

Journal Article Genetics · January 2001 The common split-gilled mushroom Schizophyllum commune is found throughout the world on woody substrates. This study addresses the dispersal and population structure of this fungal species by studying the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of ribosomal DN ... Cite

Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato

Journal Article Taxon · January 1, 2001 Based upon molecular studies, the genus Coprinus Pers. is subdivided into Coprinus sensu stricto (Agaricaceae), and Coprinellus P. Karst., Coprinopsis P. Karst., and Parasola gen. nov. in the new family Psathyrellaceae. The nomenclatural history and typifi ... Full text Cite

Development and characterization of a genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and other markers.

Journal Article Fungal Genet Biol · December 2000 A segregating population of single basidiospore isolates from a sexual cross was used to generate the first moderately dense genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (Serotype D). Polymorphic DNA markers were developed using amplified ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multiple gene genealogies reveal recent dispersion and hybridization in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans.

Journal Article Mol Ecol · October 2000 Cryptococcus neoformans (= Filobasidiella neoformans) is a significant emerging fungal pathogen of humans. To understand the evolution of this pathogen, 34 strains were obtained from various locations around the world and fragments of four genes were seque ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variation in modes and rates of evolution in nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA in the mushroom genus Amanita (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): phylogenetic implications.

Journal Article Molecular phylogenetics and evolution · July 2000 Modes and rates of molecular evolution, and congruence and combinability for phylogenetic reconstruction, of portions of the nuclear large ribosomal subunit (nLSU-rDNA) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU-rDNA) genes were investigated in the mushroom ge ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic relationships of agaric fungi based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences.

Journal Article Systematic biology · June 2000 Phylogenetic relationships of mushrooms and their relatives within the order Agaricales were addressed by using nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Approximately 900 bases of the 5' end of the nucleus-encoded large subunit RNA gene were sequence ... Full text Cite

Mating compatibility and phylogeography in Pleurotus tuberregium.

Journal Article Mycological research. · June 2000 Genetic relationships were investigated among several populations of Pleurotus tuberregium from Nigeria, Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia. Intrastock mating compatibility studies using progeny from two collections demonstrated a tetrapolar mating system ... Full text Cite

High levels of variation in ribosomal DNA sequences within and among spores of a natural population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Acaulospora colossica.

Journal Article Mycologia · April 2000 Sequences of the nuclear rDNA ITS region were sampled from a natural population of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Acaulospora colossica. Genetic diversity was explored through three levels of sampling: within an individual (a single spore), between indi ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic analyses and the distribution of nematophagy support a monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi.

Journal Article Mycologia · April 2000 Phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences from nuclear 25S rDNA indicate a monophyletic Pleurotaceae, consisting of the monophyletic genera Pleurotus and Hohenbuehelia, within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi. The attack and consumption o ... Full text Cite

Uniparental mitochondrial transmission in sexual crosses in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Journal Article Curr Microbiol · April 2000 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the large ribosomal RNA region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was developed as a genetic marker for investigating mitochondrial transmission in sexual crosses of the human pathogenic basidiomycetous yeas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clonal and spontaneous origins of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 2000 The genotypes and susceptibilities to fluconazole of 78 strains of the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans were compared. The strains comprised two sets of samples from Durham, N.C.: one from patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular phylogenetics of the Chytridiomycota supports the utility of ultrastructural data in chytrid systematics.

Journal Article Canadian journal of botany. · March 2000 The chytrids (Chytridiomycota) are morphologically simple aquatic fungi that are unified by their possession of zoospores that typically have a single, posteriorly directed flagellum. This study addresses the systematics of the chytrids by generating a phy ... Full text Cite

[Genetic structure of geographically different populations of candida albicans].

Journal Article Mycoses · 2000 Codominant single-locus markers were developed by amplifying genomic DNA of C. albicans with pairs of random primers. Monomorphic PCR products were screened for polymorphisms by the SSCP technique. Sequencing confirmed that SSCP's were mostly due to single ... Link to item Cite

Molecular typing of pathogenic fungi.

Journal Article Med Mycol · 2000 In this Round Table, the application of several methods of molecular typing were discussed in reference to four important pathogenic fungi: Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Candida albicans and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Among the differen ... Link to item Cite

High levels of variation in ribosomal DNA sequences within and among spores of a natural population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Acaulospora colossica

Journal Article Mycologia · January 1, 2000 Sequences of the nuclear rDNA ITS region were sampled from a natural population of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Acaulospora colossica. Genetic diversity was explored through three levels of sampling: within an individual (a single spore), between indi ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic analyses and the distribution of nematophagy support a monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi

Journal Article Mycologia · January 1, 2000 Phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences from nuclear 25S rDNA indicate a monophyletic Pleurotaceae, consisting of the monophyletic genera Pleurotus and Hohenbuehelia, within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi. The attack and consumption o ... Full text Cite

Rhacophyllus and Zerovaemyces - Teleomorphs or anamorphs?

Journal Article Taxon · January 1, 2000 Redhead, S. A., Seifert, K. A., Vilgalys, R. and Moncalvo, J.-M.: Rhacophyllus and Zerovaemyces - teleomorphs or anamorphs? - Taxon 49: 789-798. - ISSN 0040-0262. The originally monotypic genus Rhacophyllus was conceived for an agaric-like fungus that bore ... Full text Cite

Evidence for limited intercontinental gene flow in the cosmopolitan mushroom, Schizophyllum commune.

Journal Article Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · December 1999 Full text Cite

EVIDENCE FOR LIMITED INTERCONTINENTAL GENE FLOW IN THE COSMOPOLITAN MUSHROOM, SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE.

Journal Article Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · December 1999 The genetic structure of populations of Schizophyllum commune was inferred from electrophoretic variation among 136 individuals at 11 polymorphic allozyme loci to determine the extent of geographic differentiation in this widespread mushroom species. The m ... Full text Cite

Genetic structure of typical and atypical populations of Candida albicans from Africa.

Journal Article Fungal Genet Biol · November 1999 Atypical isolates of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans have been reported with increasing frequency. To investigate the origin of a set of atypical isolates and their relationship to typical isolates, we employed a combination of molecular phylogenetic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phylogenetic relationships in the mushroom genus Coprinus and dark-spored allies based on sequence data from the nuclear gene coding for the large ribosomal subunit RNA: divergent domains, outgroups, and monophyly.

Journal Article Molecular phylogenetics and evolution · October 1999 Phylogenetic relationships were investigated in the mushroom genus Coprinus based on sequence data from the nuclear encoded large-subunit rDNA gene. Forty-seven species of Coprinus and 19 additional species from the families Coprinaceae, Strophariaceae, Bo ... Full text Cite

Molecular phylogeny of Amanita based on large-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and character evolution.

Journal Article Mycologia · July 1999 Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Amanita were investigated using sequence data from the nuclear-encoded large subunit ribosomal DNA. Exemplar taxa were selected to represent the all sections from the current classifications of Singer, Bas and Jenkin ... Full text Cite

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Arthrodermataceae (dermatophytes) using sequence analysis of the ribosomal ITS region.

Journal Article Medical mycology · April 1999 The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, covering the ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S ribosomal DNA was used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships within the fungal family Arthrodermataceae. Sequences of variable length, ranging between 522 and 684 base pairs we ... Full text Cite

Lack of genetic differentiation between two geographically diverse samples of Candida albicans isolated from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Journal Article J Bacteriol · February 1999 The patterns of genetic variation of samples of Candida albicans isolated from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Durham, N.C., and Vitória, Brazil, were compared. Genotypes for 126 strains were obtained at 16 polymorphic restriction si ... Full text Link to item Cite

PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses reveal both extensive clonality and local genetic differences in Candida albicans.

Journal Article Mol Ecol · January 1999 Using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to obtain genotypes for the diploid pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, we analysed 204 C. albicans isolates from three populations of the Duke University communit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular phylogeny of Amanita based on large-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences: Implications for taxonomy and character evolution

Journal Article Mycologia · January 1, 1999 Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Amanita were investigated using sequence data from the nuclear-encoded large subunit ribosomal DNA. Exemplar taxa were selected to represent the all sections from the current classifications of Singer, Bas and Jenkin ... Full text Cite

Calocybe cyanea - A rare and beautiful agaric is discovered in Puerto Rico

Journal Article Mycologist · January 1, 1999 A rare find of Calocybe cyanea from Puerto Rico is described and illustrated. A discussion of all species of Calocybe found in the Caribbean is provided. Since nearly one-half of the described species of Calocybe can be found in the Neotropics (nine out of ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic systematics of Lepiota sensu lato based on nuclear large subunit rDNA evidence

Journal Article Mycologia · December 15, 1998 Taxonomic circumscription and segregation of the genus Lepiota has been problematic. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated for lepiotoid and closely related taxa using DNA sequence data. Our analysis reflects a broad sampling across eight segregate ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic systematics of Lepiota sensu lato based on nuclear large subunit rDNA evidence.

Journal Article Mycologia · December 1998 Taxonomic circumscription and segregation of the genus Lepiota has been problematic. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated for lepiotoid and closely related taxa using DNA sequence data. Our analysis reflects a broad sampling across eight segregate ... Full text Cite

Colony size can be used to determine the MIC of fluconazole for pathogenic yeasts.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 1998 This report describes a new statistical method for estimating the MIC of fluconazole for yeasts pathogenic to humans. This method is based on comparison of the colony sizes on solid media containing different concentrations of fluconazole. By this method, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phylogenetic relationships of the liverworts (Hepaticae), a basal embryophyte lineage, inferred from nucleotide sequence data of the chloroplast gene rbcL.

Journal Article Molecular phylogenetics and evolution · June 1997 Sequence data from the chloroplast-encoded gene rbcL were obtained for 24 liverworts, a basal group of embryophytes. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses of these data, along with data from other major green plant lineages, confirm hypotheses based on ... Full text Cite

Population Biology of the Rhizoctonia solani Complex.

Journal Article Phytopathology · April 1997 Full text Cite

Mushroom poisoning.

Journal Article American family physician · April 1997 The majority of cases of mushroom poisoning occur in children and involve benign gastrointestinal irritants. Critical poisonings most frequently occur in adults who ingest Amanita phalloides or other mushrooms containing amanitin. Critical versus noncritic ... Cite

Population biology of the Rhizoctonia solani complex.

Journal Article Phytopathology · April 1997 Full text Cite

Molecular evolutionary dynamics of cytochrome b in strepsirrhine primates: the phylogenetic significance of third-position transversions.

Journal Article Molecular biology and evolution · December 1996 DNA sequences of the complete cytochrome b gene are shown to contain robust phylogenetic signal for the strepsirrhine primates (i.e., lemurs and lorises). The phylogeny derived from these data conforms to other molecular studies of strepsirrhine relationsh ... Full text Cite

Molecular markers reveal that population structure of the human pathogen Candida albicans exhibits both clonality and recombination.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · October 29, 1996 The life history of Candida albicans presents an enigma: this species is thought to be exclusively asexual, yet strains show extensive phenotypic variation. To address the population genetics of C. albicans, we developed a genetic typing method for codomin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ancient single origin for Malagasy primates.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 1996 We report new evidence that bears decisively on a long-standing controversy in primate systematics. DNA sequence data for the complete cytochrome b gene, combined with an expanded morphological data set, confirm the results of a previous study and again in ... Full text Cite

Analysis of genes coding for small-subunit rRNA sequences in studying phylogenetics of dematiaceous fungal pathogens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 1995 Because of their ability to display yeast-like growth forms in various environmental conditions, dematiaceous (melanized) hyphomycetes of the form-genera Exophiala, Rhinocladiella, and Wangiella have been informally termed "black yeasts." Cladistic analysi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ancient and recent patterns of geographic speciation in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus revealed by phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 1994 Evidence from molecular systematic studies suggests that many mushroom species may be quite ancient. Gene phylogenies were developed to examine the relationship between reproductive isolation, genetic divergence, and biogeography in oyster mushrooms (Pleur ... Full text Cite

Phylogenetic analyses of Polemoniaceae using nucleotide sequences of the plastid gene matK

Journal Article Systematic Botany. · January 1994 Nucleotide sequences of the plastid encoded gene matK were examined for their potential utility in phylogenetic analyses within angiosperm families. Sequences 661 bases in length were obtained from twenty species of Polemoniaceae. Phylogenetic analyses res ... Full text Cite

Molecular systematics and population biology of Rhizoctonia

Journal Article Annual Review of Phytopathology · January 1, 1994 Full text Cite

Hybridization probes for conventional DNA fingerprinting used as single primers in the polymerase chain reaction to distinguish strains of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1993 In conventional DNA fingerprinting, hypervariable and repetitive sequences (minisatellite or microsatellite DNA) are detected with hybridization probes. As demonstrated here, these probes can be used as single primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phylogenetic relationships of Lentinus (Basidiomycotina) inferred from molecular and morphological characters

Journal Article Systematic Botany. · January 1993 Phylogenetic relationships of the basidiomycete Lentinus were investigated using 20 morphological and 133 nucleic acid sequence characters from three regions in the 5' half of the nuclear-encoded large subunit rRNA. Molecular data were obtained from 34 ind ... Full text Cite

Intersterility groups in the Pleurotus ostreatus complex from the continental United States and adjacent Canada

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Botany · January 1, 1993 Mating compatibility studies using strains from 17 North American collections in the Pleurotus ostreatus complex reveal three intersterile species of oyster mushrooms. All three species differ from one another in morphology, growth characteristics, geograp ... Full text Cite

Evolutionary relationships within the fungi: analyses of nuclear small subunit rRNA sequences.

Journal Article Molecular phylogenetics and evolution · September 1992 Nucleotide sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S) gene were used to investigate evolutionary relationships within the Fungi. The inferred tree topologies are in general agreement with traditional classifications in the following ways: (1) the C ... Full text Cite

Spatial distribution and genetic relationships among individuals in a natural population of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

Journal Article Mycologia · January 1, 1992 Spatial distribution of 60 heterokaryons in a natural population of Pleurotus ostreatus was examined through study of their somatic incompatibility interactions and analysis of mating compatibility factors. Results implicate basidiospore dispersal as a pri ... Full text Cite

Characterization of anastomosis groups of binucleate Rhizoctonia species using restriction analysis of an amplified ribosomal RNA gene

Journal Article Phytopathology · November 1991 Seven U.S. and 16 Japanese binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis tester isolates, representing 21 different anastomosis groups, were characterized by restriction analysis of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate and a region ... Full text Cite

Speciation and species concepts in the Collybia dryophila complex

Journal Article Mycologia · January 1, 1991 All members of the C. dryophila complex have a heterothallic tetrapolar mating system. Several intercompatible groups are broadly distributed over several continents including North America, Europe and Asia. Limitations of the biological species concept ar ... Full text Cite

Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species.

Journal Article Journal of bacteriology · August 1990 Detailed restriction analyses of many samples often require substantial amounts of time and effort for DNA extraction, restriction digests, Southern blotting, and hybridization. We describe a novel approach that uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ... Full text Cite

Ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Rhizoctonia solani

Journal Article Phytopathology · February 1990 Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the nuclear encoded ribosomal DNA repeat of the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani revealed considerable molecular variation among and within intraspecific groups that have been recognized previously on ... Full text Cite

Genetic relatedness among anastomosis groups in Rhizoctonia as measured by DNA/DNA hybridization.

Journal Article Phytopathology · June 1988 Genetic relationships of 44 multinucleate and binucleate isolates of Rhizoctonia were investigated by the technique of heterologous DNA/DNA hybridization. Genomic DNA was isolated from representative isolates of eight different anastomosis groups (AG) in R ... Full text Cite

Extensive genetic divergence associated with speciation in filamentous fungi.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · April 1987 Little is known about genetic differentiation during speciation in fungi. The Collybia dryophila complex (Basidiomycetes: Tricholomataceae) contains several closely related groups of fungi at various levels of evolutionary divergence. Mating compatibility ... Full text Cite