Scholars@Duke
Helen F. Ladd

Helen F. Ladd CV

Susan B. King Distinguished Professor Emerita of Public Policy
Sanford School of Public Policy
hladd@duke.edu
Box 90245, Durham, NC 27708-0312
117 Sanford Building, Durham, NC 27708
CV

Selected Publications

Pre-K Enrollments and Teaching Environments in North Carolina Elementary Schools.

Journal Article Children and youth services review · September 2024 Prior research finds that some high-quality preschool programs are successful in generating significant initial academic gains and long-term benefits for students as they progress through school. This study examines one of the mechanisms through which Nort ... Full text Cite

RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN STUDENT ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy · September 1, 2023 Access to high-quality teachers in K–12 schools differs systematically by racial group. This policy brief reviews the academic research documenting these differences and the labor market forces and segregation patterns that solidify them. It also presents ... Full text Cite

Understanding Heterogeneity in the Impact of Public Preschool Programs.

Journal Article Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · June 2023 We examine the North Carolina Pre-K (NC Pre-K) program to test the hypothesis that observed variation in effects resulting from exposure to the program can be attributed to interactions with other environmental factors that occur before, during, or after t ... Full text Open Access Cite

School Segregation in the Era of Color-Blind Jurisprudence and School Choice

Journal Article Urban Affairs Review · March 1, 2023 The decades-long resistance to federally imposed school desegregation entered a new phase at the turn of the new century. At that time, federal courts stopped pushing racial balance as a remedy for past segregation and adopted in its place a color-blind ap ... Full text Cite

Charter schools and equity: The power of accountability

Journal Article Phi Delta Kappan · September 1, 2021 Many proponents of charter schools suggest that, by providing an option outside traditional public schools, they are helping disadvantaged students who might otherwise be confined to low-quality neighborhood schools. But market-based accountability structu ... Full text Cite

School Segregation at the Classroom Level in a Southern ‘New Destination’ State

Journal Article Race and Social Problems · June 1, 2021 Using detailed administrative data for public schools, we document racial and ethnic segregation at the classroom level in North Carolina, a state that has experienced a sharp increase in Hispanic enrollment. We decompose classroom-level segregation in cou ... Full text Cite

Do Teacher Assistants Improve Student Outcomes? Evidence From School Funding Cutbacks in North Carolina

Journal Article Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · June 1, 2021 This article examines the influence of teacher assistants and other personnel on outcomes for elementary school students during a period of recession-induced cutbacks in teacher assistants. Using panel data from North Carolina, we exploit the state’s uniqu ... Full text Cite

Long-term effects of early childhood programs through eighth grade: Do the effects fade out or grow?

Journal Article Children and youth services review · May 2020 Support for policies to improve early childhood educational development and reduce disparities grew rapidly this century but recently has wavered because of findings that program effects might fade out prematurely. Two programs implemented at scale in Nort ... Full text Open Access Cite

Gender Differences in the Impact of North Carolina’s Early Care and Education Initiatives on Student Outcomes in Elementary School

Journal Article Educational Policy · March 1, 2020 Based on growing evidence of the long-term benefits of enriched early childhood experiences, we evaluate the potential for addressing gender disparities in elementary school through early care and education programs. Specifically, we explore the community- ... Full text Open Access Cite

The economics of school accountability

Chapter · January 20, 2020 Demands for more accountability and results-based incentive systems in K-12 education come from many directions and currently dominate much of the education policy discussion at both the state and federal levels in the United States (Ladd, 1996; Ladd & Han ... Full text Cite

The fiscal externalities of charter schools: Evidence from North Carolina

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy · January 1, 2020 A significant criticism of the charter school movement is that funding for charter schools diverts money away from traditional public schools. The magnitude of such adverse fiscal externalities depends in part on the nature of state and local funding polic ... Full text Cite

The Hidden Costs of Teacher Turnover

Journal Article Aera Open · January 1, 2020 High teacher turnover imposes numerous burdens on the schools and districts from which teachers depart. Some of these burdens are explicit and take the form of recruiting, hiring, and training costs. Others are more hidden and take the form of changes to t ... Full text Cite

EXPERIMENTATION FALLS SHORT AS A JUSTIFICATION FOR MORE CHARTER SCHOOLS

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · September 1, 2019 Full text Cite

HOW CHARTER SCHOOLS THREATEN THE PUBLIC INTEREST

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · September 1, 2019 Full text Cite

Raising the bar for college admission: North Carolina’s increase in minimum math course requirements

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy · July 1, 2019 We explore the effects of a statewide policy change that increased the number of high school math courses required for admission to four-year public universities in North Carolina. Using data on cohorts of eighth-grade students from 1999 to 2006, we exploi ... Full text Cite

International perspectives on school choice

Chapter · January 1, 2019 An international perspective on school choice enables one to see how various choice-related issues arise and play out in other countries. This chapter examines how they provide choice options in different forms and for different reasons. Some countries hav ... Full text Cite

Good education policy making: Data-informed but values-driven

Journal Article Phi Delta Kappan · December 1, 2018 In this article, based on their book Educational Goods: Values, Evidence and Decision Making, Harry Brighouse, Helen Ladd, Susanna Loeb, and Adam Swift encourage education decision makers to give careful thought to the values that underlie the data they co ... Full text Cite

School turnaround in North Carolina: A regression discontinuity analysis

Journal Article Economics of Education Review · February 1, 2018 This paper examines the effect of a federally supported school turnaround program in North Carolina elementary and middle schools. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that the turnaround program did not improve, and may have reduced, average s ... Full text Cite

MULTIFACETED AID FOR LOW-INCOME STUDENTS AND COLLEGE OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM NORTH CAROLINA

Scholarly Edition · January 1, 2018 We study the evolution of a campus-based aid program for low-income students that began with grant-heavy financial aid and later added a suite of nonfinancial supports. We find little to no evidence that program eligibility during the early years (2004–200 ... Full text Cite

The growing segmentation of the charter school sector in North Carolina

Scholarly Edition · October 1, 2017 A defining characteristic of charter schools is that they introduce a strong market element into public education. In this paper, we examine through the lens of a market model the evolution of the charter school sector in North Carolina between 1999 and 20 ... Full text Cite

Self-governing schools, parental choice, and the need to protect the public interest

Journal Article Phi Delta Kappan · September 1, 2017 As policy makers call for the dramatic expansion of school choice and voucher programs across the U.S., it becomes all the more important for educators and advocates to consider lessons learned in countries – such as the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Engla ... Full text Cite

Accountability pressure: Regression discontinuity estimates of how No Child Left Behind influenced student behavior

Journal Article Economics of Education Review · June 1, 2017 In this paper we examine how failing to make adequate yearly progress under No Child Left Behind (NCLB), and the accountability pressure that ensues, affects various non-achievement student behaviors. Using administrative data from North Carolina and lever ... Full text Cite

NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND: A DEEPLY FLAWED FEDERAL POLICY

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · March 1, 2017 Full text Cite

Charter schools in North Carolina

Chapter · January 1, 2017 Legislation authorizing charter schools in North Carolina was passed in 1996, and the first charter schools opened in fall 1997. Charter schools in North Carolina can be authorized by a local district, the state university, or the state Board of Education, ... Full text Cite

Commentary

Journal Article Journal of Social Issues · December 1, 2016 Full text Cite

Educational goods and values: A framework for decision makers

Journal Article Theory and Research in Education · March 1, 2016 This article articulates a framework suitable for use when making decisions about education policy. Decision makers should establish what the feasible options are and evaluate them in terms of their contribution to the development, and distribution, of edu ... Full text Cite

Impact of North Carolina’s Early Childhood Initiatives on Special Education Placements in Third Grade

Journal Article Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · December 1, 2015 This study examines the community-wide effects of investments in two early childhood initiatives in North Carolina (Smart Start and More at Four) on the likelihood of a student being placed into special education. We take advantage of variation across Nort ... Full text Cite

The aftermath of accelerating algebra: Evidence from district policy initiatives

Report · January 1, 2015 Featured Publication The proportion of students taking a first algebra course in middle school has doubled over the past generation and there have been calls to make eighth grade algebra universal. We use significant policy shifts in the timing of algebra in two large North Ca ... Full text Cite

Developmental education in North Carolina community colleges

Journal Article Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · January 1, 2015 This article contributes to the empirical literature on remediation in community colleges by using policy variation across North Carolina’s community colleges to examine how remediation affects various outcomes for traditional-age college students. We find ... Full text Cite

From birth to school: Early childhood initiatives and third-grade outcomes in North Carolina

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · December 1, 2014 This study examines the community-wide effects of two statewide early childhood policy initiatives in North Carolina. One initiative provides funding to improve the quality of child care services at the county level for all children between the ages of 0 t ... Full text Cite

Scaling the digital divide: Home computer technology and student achievement

Journal Article Economic Inquiry · January 1, 2014 Does differential access to computer technology at home compound the educational disparities between rich and poor? Would a program of government provision of computers to early secondary school students reduce these disparities? We use administrative data ... Full text Cite

Education equity in an international context

Book · January 1, 2014 INTRODUCTION All countries face issues of educational equity. Depending on the country, the policy debate may focus on how to increase access to primary or secondary schools; how to reduce persistent achievement gaps between students of different genders, ... Full text Cite

Success in Community College: Do Institutions Differ?

Journal Article Research in Higher Education · November 1, 2013 Community colleges are complex organizations and assessing their performance, though important, is difficult. Compared to 4-year colleges and universities, community colleges serve a more diverse population and provide a wider variety of educational progra ... Full text Cite

School-based accountability and the distribution of teacher quality across grades in elementary school

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy · October 1, 2013 We use North Carolina data to explore whether the quality of teachers in the lower elementary grades (K-2) falls short of teacher quality in the upper grades (3-5) and to examine the hypothesis that school accountability pressures contribute to such qualit ... Full text Cite

From Birth to School: Early Childhood Initiatives and Third-Grade Outcomes in North Carolina

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · 2013 This study examines the community-wide effects of two statewide early childhood policy initiatives in North Carolina. One initiative provides funding to improve the quality of child care services at the county level for all children between the ages of 0 t ... Full text Cite

Confessions of a wellesley FEM

Chapter · January 1, 2013 I enrolled in my first economics course in 1963, my freshman year at Wellesley College, which was then, and still is, only for women. On the first day of class, my thirty freshman classmates and I eagerly awaited the arrival of our teacher. When she entere ... Full text Cite

New destinations, new trajectories? The educational progress of Hispanic youth in North Carolina.

Journal Article Child development · September 2012 Since 1990, Latin American immigrants to the United States have dispersed beyond traditional gateway regions to a number of "new destinations." Both theory and past empirical evidence provide mixed guidance as to whether the children of these immigrants ar ... Full text Cite

Education and Poverty: Confronting the Evidence

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · March 1, 2012 Current U.S. policy initiatives to improve the U.S. education system, including No Child Left Behind, test-based evaluation of teachers, and the promotion of competition are misguided because they either deny or set to the side a basic body of evidence doc ... Full text Open Access Cite

Teacher Mobility, school Segregation, and Pay-Based policies to level the playing field

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy · June 1, 2011 Research has consistently shown that teacher quality is distributed very unevenly among schools, to the clear disadvantage of minority students and those from low-income families. Using North Carolina data on the length of time individual teachers remain i ... Full text Cite

Weighted student funding in the Netherlands: A model for the U.S.?

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · June 1, 2011 Although a relatively new idea in the U.S., weighted student funding (WSF) for individual schools has a long history in the Netherlands. This country of about 16.5 million people has been using a version of WSF for all its primary schools (serving children ... Full text Cite

Teachers' Perceptions of their Working Conditions: How Predictive of Planned and Actual teacher Movement?

Journal Article Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · June 1, 2011 This quantitative study examines the relationship between teachers' perceptions of their working conditions and their intended and actual departures from schools. Based on rich administrative data for North Carolina combined with a 2006 statewide survey ad ... Full text Cite

Comment by Helen F. Ladd

Journal Article Brookings Papers on Economic Activity · December 1, 2010 Cite

Education Inspectorate Systems in New Zealand and the Netherlands

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy · July 2010 The United States is an outlier with respect to its heavy emphasis on student test scores for the purposes of school accountability. Many other countries instead use school inspection systems that pay more attention to a school's internal processe ... Full text Cite

Status versus growth: The distributional effects of school accountability policies

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · June 1, 2010 Although the federal No Child Left Behind program judges the effectiveness of schools based on their students' achievement status, many policy analysts argue that schools should be measured, instead, by their students' achievement growth. Using a 10-year s ... Full text Cite

The Money Myth: School Resources, Outcomes, and Equity

Journal Article JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE · March 1, 2010 Open Access Link to item Cite

Teacher credentials and student achievement in high school: A cross-subject analysis with student fixed effects

Journal Article Journal of Human Resources · January 1, 2010 We use data on statewide end-of-course tests in North Carolina to examine the relationship between teacher credentials and student achievement at the high school level. We find compelling evidence that teacher credentials, particularly licensure and certif ... Full text Cite

The dutch experience with weighted student funding

Journal Article Phi Delta Kappan · January 1, 2010 Full text Cite

Teacher Credentials and Student Achievement in High School: A Cross-Subject Analysis with Student Fixed Effects

Journal Article Journal of Human Resources · 2010 We use data on statewide end-of-course tests in North Carolina to examine the relationship between teacher credentials and student achievement at the high school level. We find compelling evidence that teacher credentials, particularly licensure and certif ... Cite

The academic achievement gap in grades 3 to 8

Journal Article Review of Economics and Statistics · May 1, 2009 Using data for North Carolina public school students in grades 3 to 8, we examine achievement gaps between white students and students from other racial and ethnic groups. We focus on cohorts of students who stay in the state's public schools for all six y ... Full text Cite

The effects of public school choice on those left behind: Evidence from Durham, North Carolina

Journal Article Peabody Journal of Education · April 1, 2009 Using student-level data from Durham, North Carolina, we examine the potential impact of school choice programs on the peer environments of students who remain in their geographically assigned schools. We examine whether the likelihood of opting out of one ... Full text Cite

Are Teacher Absences Worth Worrying About in the United States?

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy · April 2009 Using detailed data from North Carolina, we examine the frequency, incidence, and consequences of teacher absences in public schools as well as the impact of a policy designed to reduce absences. The incidence of teacher absences is regressive: wh ... Full text Cite

Public school choice and integration evidence from Durham, North Carolina.

Journal Article Social science research · March 2009 Using evidence from Durham, North Carolina, we examine the impact of school choice programs on racial and class-based segregation across schools. Reasonable assumptions about the distribution of preferences over race, class, and school characteristics sugg ... Full text Cite

The Economics of School Accountability

Chapter · January 1, 2009 This article details the rationales behind school accountability systems and discusses the mechanisms through which these systems could improve student achievement in the impacted schools. Although school accountability systems provide incentives for incre ... Full text Cite

School policies and the test score gap

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 On average, black students in the United States achieve at lower levels than white students do. Recent evidence from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) indicates, for example, that in 2004 the gap between thirteen-year-old black and whi ... Cite

Undergraduate and doctoral education in public policy: What? Why? Why not? Whereto?

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · September 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Would higher salaries keep teachers in high-poverty schools? Evidence from a policy intervention in North Carolina

Journal Article · June 2008 For a three-year time period beginning in 2001, North Carolina awarded an annual bonus of $1800 to certified math, science and special education teachers working in public secondary schools with either high-poverty rates or low test scores. Using longitudi ... Cite

Would higher salaries keep teachers in high-poverty schools? Evidence from a policy intervention in North Carolina

Journal Article Journal of Public Economics · June 1, 2008 For a three-year time period beginning in 2001, North Carolina awarded an annual bonus of $1800 to certified math, science and special education teachers working in public secondary schools with either high-poverty rates or low test scores. Using longitudi ... Full text Cite

Commemorating Richard Musgrave (1910-2007)

Journal Article Finanzarchiv · June 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Handbook of Research in Education Finance and Policy

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy · January 2008 Featured Publication Full text Cite

Teacher Bonuses and Teacher Retention in Low-Performing Schools

Journal Article Public Finance Review · January 2008 Between 2001 and 2004, the state of North Carolina gave an annual salary bonus of $1,800 to certified math, science, and special education teachers in a set of low-performing and/or high-poverty secondary schools. Eligible teachers were to continue receivi ... Cite

Teacher bonuses and teacher retention in low-performing schools: Evidence from the North Carolina $1,800 teacher bonus program

Journal Article Public Finance Review · January 1, 2008 Between 2001 and 2004, the state of North Carolina gave an annual salary bonus of $1,800 to certified math, science, and special education teachers in a set of low-performing and/or high-poverty secondary schools. Eligible teachers were to continue receivi ... Full text Cite

Reflections on Equity, Adequacy, and Weighted Student Funding

Journal Article Journal of Education Finance and Policy · 2008 Cite

School Segregation Under Color-blind Jurisprudence: The Case of North Carolina

Journal Article Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law · 2008 Cite

School choice, racial segregation, and test-score gaps: Evidence from North Carolina's charter school program

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · December 1, 2007 Using panel data that track individual students from year to year, we examine the effects of charter schools in North Carolina on racial segregation and black-white test score gaps. We find that North Carolina's system of charter schools has increased the ... Full text Cite

Teacher credentials and student achievement: Longitudinal analysis with student fixed effects

Report · December 1, 2007 We use a rich administrative dataset from North Carolina to explore questions related to the relationship between teacher characteristics and credentials on the one hand and student achievement on the other. Though the basic questions underlying this resea ... Full text Cite

High Poverty Schools and the Distribution of Teachers and Principals

Journal Article North Carolina Law Review · June 2007 Cite

Teacher labor markets in developed countries.

Journal Article The Future of children · January 2007 Helen Ladd takes a comparative look at policies that the world's industrialized countries are using to assure a supply of high-quality teachers. Her survey puts U.S. educational policies and practices into international perspective. Ladd begins by examinin ... Full text Cite

The Economics of School Accountability

Journal Article International Encyclopedia of Education · 2007 Cite

Institutional change and coproduction of public services: The effect of charter schools on parental involvement

Journal Article Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · October 1, 2006 Recent discussions of school choice have revived arguments that the decentralization of governing institutions can enhance the quality of public services by increasing the participation of intended beneficiaries in the production of those services. We use ... Full text Open Access Cite

Surprising Success Among Hispanic students

Internet Publication · June 12, 2006 Open Access Cite

Racial equity in education: How far has South Africa come?

Journal Article Perspectives in Education · June 1, 2006 A major task of South Africa's new government in 1994 was to design a more racially equitable education system. This article evaluates progress towards this goal using three concepts of equity: equal treatment by race, equal educational opportunity, and ed ... Cite

The Impacts of Charter Schools on Student Achievement: Evidence from North Carolina

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy · March 2006 Using an individual panel data set to control for student fixed effects, we estimate the impact of charter schools on students in charter schools and in nearby traditional public schools. We find that students make considerably smaller achievement ... Full text Cite

Teacher-Student Matching and the Assessment of Teacher Effectiveness

Journal Article Journal of Human Resources · 2006 Cite

Teacher-Student Matching and the Assessment of Teacher Effectiveness

Journal Article Journal of Human Resources · 2006 Administrative data on fifth grade students in North Carolina shows that more highly qualified teachers tend to be matched with more advantaged students, both across schools and in many cases within them. This matching biases estimates of the relationship ... Cite

Results [about charter schools] from the Tar Heel State

Journal Article Education Next · October 2005 Cite

Results from the tar heel state

Journal Article Education Next · September 1, 2005 Open Access Cite

Public sector management in New Zealand: Lessons and challenges

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · 2005 Cite

Who Teaches Whom? Race and the Distribution of Novice Teachers

Journal Article Economics of Education Review · 2005 Cite

Do School Accountability Systems Make It More Difficult for Low-Performing Schools to Attract and Retain High-Quality Teachers?

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · March 1, 2004 Administrative data from North Carolina are used to explore the extent to which that state's relatively sophisticated school-based accountability system has exacerbated the challenges that schools serving low-performing students face in retaining and attra ... Full text Cite

Elusive Equity: Education reform in post-Apartheid New Zealand

Book · 2004 "Elusive Equity" chronicles South Africas efforts to fashion a racially equitable state education system from the ashes of apartheid. ... Cite

Segregation and Resegregation in North Carolina's Public School Classrooms

Journal Article North Carolina Law Review · May 2003 Cite

Does competition improve teaching and learning? Evidence from New Zealand

Journal Article Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · January 1, 2003 Central to the argument for more competition in education is that it will induce schools to provide higher quality education at no greater cost. This article sheds new light on this issue by measuring how competition among New Zealand's schools affected st ... Full text Cite

School-based accountability in North Carolina: The responses of school principals

Journal Article Educational Administration Quarterly · October 1, 2002 Surprisingly little is known about the impact of school-based accountability systems, which are one component of the larger standards-based reform effort in education. Using two waves of survey data from a random sample of school principals in North Caroli ... Full text Cite

School vouchers: A critical view

Journal Article Journal of Economic Perspectives · September 1, 2002 Full text Open Access Cite

Implementing Value-Added Measures of School Effectiveness: Getting the Incentives Right

Journal Article Economics of Education Review · February 2002 Cite

When Schools Compete

Book · September 19, 2001 Documenting ten years of reform efforts in New Zealand, this is the first book to provide detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effects of school reform programs on an entire school system. ... Cite

When Schools Compete

Book · September 19, 2001 Documenting ten years of reform efforts in New Zealand, this is the first book to provide detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effects of school reform programs on an entire school system. ... Cite

When Schools Compete

Book · September 19, 2001 Documenting ten years of reform efforts in New Zealand, this is the first book to provide detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effects of school reform programs on an entire school system. ... Cite

Intergenerational conflict reconsidered: County demographic structure and the demand for public education

Journal Article Economics of Education Review · August 1, 2001 The observation that the elderly may be less willing to support K-12 education than other voters raises the specter of decreasing support for schools as the US population ages. In this article, we examine that support using a national panel of counties ove ... Full text Cite

The uneven playing field of school choice: Evidence from New Zealand

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · 2001 New Zealand's 10-year experience with self-governing schools operating in a competitive environment provides new insights into school choice initiatives now being hotly debated in the United States with limited evidence. This article examines how New Zeala ... Full text Cite

Self-governing schools and accountability in New Zealand

Journal Article Prospects · January 1, 2001 Full text Cite

The Effects of Urban Poverty on Educational Outcomes: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment

Journal Article Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs · 2001 Cite

The Challenge of Fiscal Disparities for State and Local Governments

Book · 1999 This outstanding selection of Helen Ladd's work provides an overview of the policy-oriented research she has conducted in the area of state and local public finance during the past twenty-five years. ... Cite

The Dallas school accountability and incentive program: An evaluation of its impacts on student outcomes

Journal Article Economics of Education Review · January 1, 1999 Consistent with the current emphasis on performance-based accountability in K-12 education, several states and a few local districts have introduced school-based incentive programs. This paper provides one of the few evaluations of the effects of such prog ... Full text Cite

Residential Relocation Policies in the United States: The Moving to Opportunity Demonstration

Journal Article Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment · 1999 Cite

MTO: A residential relocation demonstration program in the United States

Journal Article Journal of Housing and the Built Environment · January 1, 1999 This article provides an overview of an experimental residential relocation program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development known as Moving to Opportunity (MTO), currently in operation in five U.S. cities: Baltimore, Boston, Chica ... Full text Cite

Evidence on Discrimination in Mortgage Lending

Journal Article Journal of Economic Perspectives · January 1, 1998 Full text Cite

The public sector - Commentary

Conference NATIONAL URBAN POLICY · January 1, 1996 Link to item Cite

The Tax Expenditure Concept After 25 Years

Journal Article NTA Forum · December 1995 Cite

Statewide Taxation of Nonresidential Property for Education

Journal Article Journal of Education Finance · July 1995 Cite

State Tax Structure and Multiple Policy Objectives

Journal Article National Tax Journal · December 1994 Cite

Spatially Targeted Economic Development Strategies: Do They Work?

Journal Article Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research · August 1994 Cite

THE CASE FOR EQUALIZING AID

Journal Article NATIONAL TAX JOURNAL · March 1, 1994 Link to item Cite

The Case for Equalizing Aid

Journal Article National Tax Journal · March 1994 Cite

Fiscal impacts of local population growth: A conceptual and empirical analysis

Journal Article Regional Science and Urban Economics · January 1, 1994 This paper examines the legitimacy of concerns of local residents about the adverse fiscal impacts of population growth. The conceptual discussion shows that economic theory provides no clear prediction of the impact of population growth on per capita spen ... Full text Cite

State Responses to the TRA86 Revenue Windfalls: A New Test of the Flypaper Effect

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · December 1993 Cite

Mayors and Money: Fiscal Policy in New York and Chicago

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · 1993 Full text Cite

Mimicking of Local Tax Burdens Among Neighboring Counties

Journal Article Public Finance Quarterly · October 1992 Cite

Population growth, density and the costs of providing public services

Journal Article Urban Studies · January 1, 1992 Recent policy interest in managing local population growth has drawn attention to the fiscal pressures that population growth imposes on local governments. This paper uses 1985 data for 247 large county areas to determine the separate impacts on local gove ... Full text Cite

The State Aid Decision: Changes in State Aid to Local Governments, 1982-1987

Journal Article National Tax Journal · December 1991 Cite

America's Ailing Cities: Fiscal Health and the Design of Urban Policy

Book · May 1, 1991 Identifies and measures the impact in broad national trends such as the urbanization of poverty, the shift from manufacturing to services, and middle-class flight to the suburbs. (Politcs/Current Events) ... Cite

Property tax revaluation and tax levy growth revisited

Journal Article Journal of Urban Economics · January 1, 1991 Full text Cite

Causes and consequences of the changing urban form. Introduction

Journal Article Regional Science and Urban Economics · January 1, 1991 Full text Cite

Introduction of Symposium on Managing Local Development

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · October 1990 Cite

State Assistance to Local Governments: Changes During the 1980s

Journal Article American Economic Review · May 1990 Cite

The Determinants of State Assistance to Central Citiis

Journal Article National Tax Journal · 1990 Cite

THE DETERMINANTS OF STATE ASSISTANCE TO CENTRAL CITIES

Journal Article NATIONAL TAX JOURNAL · December 1, 1989 Link to item Cite

City Taxes and City Property Tax Bases

Journal Article National Tax Journal · December 1988 Cite

Education and Tax Limitations: Evidence from Massachusetts' Proposition 2 1/2

Journal Article Journal of Education Finance · December 1985 Cite

Changes in the Revenue-Raising Capacity of U.S. Cities: 1970-1982

Journal Article New England Economic Review · 1985 Cite

State Aid to Offset Fiscal Disparities Across Communities

Journal Article National Tax Journal · June 1984 Cite

Who Supports Tax Limitations: Evidence from Massachusetts' Proposition 2 1/2

Journal Article Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · December 1983 Cite

Physical Infrastructure in Boston

Journal Article Urban Resources · October 1983 Cite

Which Level of Government Should Assist Poor People?

Journal Article National Tax Journal · September 1982 Cite

Equal Credit Opportunity: Women and Mortgage Credit

Journal Article American Economic Review · May 1982 Cite

Proposition 2 1/2: Initial Impacts, Part I

Journal Article New England Economic Review · 1982 Cite

Property tax revaluation and tax levy growth

Journal Article Journal of Urban Economics · January 1, 1982 Jurisdiction-wide property revaluation, like many administrative reforms, may have unintended consequences. This paper examines one such potential consequence. By pooling 18-year time series for each of 39 Massachusetts cities (17 of which revalued) and 27 ... Full text Cite

Discrimination in Mortgage Lending

Book · 1981 This book substitutes rigorous and systematic analysis for the undocumented claims that have characterized the debate on "redlining"-the denial of mortgage money to poorer neighborhoods. ... Cite

Municipal expenditure and the rate of population change (revised version) ( USA).

Journal Article Harvard University, Department of City and Regional Planning, Urban Planning Policy Analysis & Administration, Discussion Paper · December 1, 1979 The recent decline of many industrial cities in the NE and the rapid growth of cites in the SW have forcefully drawn attention to the fiscal implications of population change. Although the major urban areas receive most of the attention, other smaller citi ... Cite

Tax Limitations and Educational Finance: Comments

Journal Article National Tax Journal, Supplement · June 1979 Cite

Municipal expenditure and the rate of population change (revised version) ( USA).

Journal Article Harvard University Department of City and Regional Planning Urban Planning Policy Analysis Administration Discussion Paper · January 1, 1979 The recent decline of many industrial cities in the NE and the rapid growth of cites in the SW have forcefully drawn attention to the fiscal implications of population change. Although the major urban areas receive most of the attention, other smaller citi ... Cite

State Limitations on Local Taxing and Spending Powers: A Response

Journal Article National Tax Journal · December 1978 Cite

Statewide Taxation of Commercial and Industrial Property for Education

Journal Article National Tax Journal · June 1976 Cite

Returns to teacher experience: Student achievement and motivation in middle school

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy We use rich longitudinally matched administrative data on students and teachers in North Carolina to examine the patterns of differential effectiveness by teachers’ years of experience. The paper contributes to the literature by focusing on middle school t ... Cite

Do master’s degrees matter? Advanced degrees, career paths, and the effectiveness of teachers

Journal Article This study uses detailed administrative data on teachers and students from the state of North Carolina to revisit the empirical evidence on master’s degrees, with attention to teachers at the middle and high school levels. It provides descriptive informati ... Link to item Cite

The Growing Segmentation of the Charter School Sector in North Carolina

Journal Article Education Finance and Policy A defining characteristic of charter schools is that they introduce a strong market element into public education. In this paper, we examine through the lens of a market model the evolution of the charter school sector in North Carolina between 1999 and 20 ... Cite

Are Teacher Absences Worth Worrying About in the U.S.?

Journal Article Using detailed data from North Carolina, we examine the frequency, incidence, and consequences of teacher absences in public schools, as well as the impact of an absence disincentive policy. The incidence of teacher absences is regressive: schools in the ... Link to item Cite

The Academic Achievement Gap in Grades 3 to 8

Journal Article Using data for North Carolina public school students in grades 3 to 8, we examine achievement gaps between white students and students from other racial and ethnic groups. We focus on successive cohorts of students who stay in the state's public schools f ... Link to item Cite