Scholars@Duke
John T Mitchell

John T Mitchell

Associate Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Adult Psychiatry & Psychology
john.mitchell@duke.edu
Box 3527 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
2400 Pratt Street, 7th Floor, Durham, NC 27705
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Selected Publications

“I Had No Idea about This:” A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Sexual Health and HIV Prevention Needs among Black Youth in a Southern City

Journal Article Adolescents · June 2, 2024 HIV disparities continue to persist among Black youth in the South. We conducted quantitative surveys (N = 83) and follow-up qualitative interviews (n = 13) to assess sexual health needs including but not limited to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) ... Full text Cite

Examining emotion regulation using a distraction and reappraisal task in children and adolescents with and without ADHD

Journal Article Current Psychology · February 1, 2024 Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulty with emotion regulation relative to their non-ADHD peers, including the use of distraction and reappraisal to regulate emotions. The aim of the current study was to examine emoti ... Full text Cite

Association Between Stimulant Treatment and Substance Use Through Adolescence Into Early Adulthood.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · September 1, 2023 IMPORTANCE: Possible associations between stimulant treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subsequent substance use remain debated and clinically relevant. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of stimulant treatment of ADHD with s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.

Journal Article Lancet Child Adolesc Health · June 2023 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 5% of children and adolescents globally and is associated with negative life outcomes and socioeconomic costs. First-generation ADHD treatments were predominantly pharmacological; howeve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Gamified Mobile Health Contingency Management Intervention for PrEP Adherence Among Black MSM.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · October 2022 Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective at preventing HIV. However, low adherence is common and undermines these protective effects. This is particularly relevant for groups with disproportionately higher rates of HIV, including Black men who ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parental perspectives on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatments for children.

Journal Article Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry · October 2022 This study investigated parental perspectives and experiences on the evaluation and treatment process associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Five hundred sixty-eight parents of youth 2-28 years-old (M = 9.37; SD = 4.11) diagnosed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using Participatory Methods to Assess PrEP Interest and Uptake Among Young People Living in the Southeastern US: A Mixed Methods Assessment.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · May 2022 Adolescents and young adults (AYA; 13-24 years-old) comprise 22% of new HIV infections in the United States (US), most of whom live in the South. We used the situated-Information, Motivation, Behavioral skills (sIMB) model to identify priorities for interv ... Full text Link to item Cite

"My mom calls it Annaland": A Qualitative Study of Phenomenology, Daily Life Impacts, and Treatment Considerations of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · April 2022 Objective: To conduct qualitative analysis of interviews to understand phenomenology, daily life impact, and treatment considerations of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) behaviors in children and adolescents. Method: Youth with elevated SCT symptoms (N = 15, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lessons Learned in Centering Youth Voices in HIV Prevention: The Adolescent Health Working Group.

Journal Article Prog Community Health Partnersh · 2022 BACKGROUND: There remains critical need for community-based approaches to HIV prevention which center youth voices and needs. OBJECTIVES: We established an adolescent health working group (AHWG) to convene youth, parents, providers, and advocates in agenda ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eveningness Diurnal Preference: Putting the "Sluggish" in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · December 2021 OBJECTIVE: Eveningness diurnal preference is common in psychiatric conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internalizing disorders. Little is known about how diurnal preference relates to sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT)-a d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Awareness and acceptability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among students at two historically Black universities (HBCU): a cross-sectional survey.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · May 19, 2021 BACKGROUND: Despite young African American adults (ages 18-24) being among the highest risk groups for HIV infection, little is known about their awareness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) - a once daily pill shown to be > 90% effective in preventing ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Health-related quality of life in Iranian adolescents: a psychometric evaluation of the self-report form of the PedsQL 4.0 and an investigation of gender and age differences.

Journal Article Health Qual Life Outcomes · March 26, 2021 BACKGROUND: Research on the psychometric properties of the Persian self-report form of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) in adolescents has several gaps (e.g., convergent validity) that limit its clinical application and ther ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Qualitative Analysis of Contextual Factors Relevant to Suspected Late-Onset ADHD.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · March 2021 Objective: Recent studies suggest attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may emerge post-childhood. We integrate qualitative methods to systematically characterize contextual factors that may (a) delay identification of ADHD in childhood and (b) i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Adults Referred for an ADHD Evaluation: A Psychometric Analysis of Self- and Collateral Report.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · February 2021 Objective: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms uniquely contribute to psychiatric and functional outcomes in child samples; however, the psychometric properties of SCT measures among adult outpatients are unknown. Method: Adults (n = 124) presenting fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Refraining from use diminishes cannabis-associated epigenetic changes in human sperm.

Journal Article Environ Epigenet · 2021 Cannabis use alters sperm DNA methylation, but the potential reversibility of these changes is unknown. Semen samples from cannabis users and non-user controls were collected at baseline and again following a 77-day period of cannabis abstinence (one sperm ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) in an adult outpatient sample seeking an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder assessment: Age of onset and assessment method impact on SCT rates.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · December 2020 BACKGROUND: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is associated with-but distinct from-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined SCT rates in adult outpatients seeking an ADHD assessment, differences in rates based on ADHD status, impac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Data from: Cannabinoid exposure and altered DNA methylation in rat and human sperm

Dataset · August 25, 2020 This dataset contains the raw sequencing data files for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Abstract: Little is known about the reproductive effects of paternal cannabis exposure. We evaluated associations between cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol ... Full text Cite

Early substance use in the pathway from childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to young adult substance use: Evidence of statistical mediation and substance specificity.

Journal Article Psychol Addict Behav · March 2020 This study tested whether early and developmentally atypical substance use mediates risk for adult substance use among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and whether that risk is substance-specific. Participants were children wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

“I Had No Idea about This:” A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Sexual Health and HIV Prevention Needs among Black Youth in a Southern City

Journal Article Adolescents · June 2, 2024 HIV disparities continue to persist among Black youth in the South. We conducted quantitative surveys (N = 83) and follow-up qualitative interviews (n = 13) to assess sexual health needs including but not limited to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) ... Full text Cite

Examining emotion regulation using a distraction and reappraisal task in children and adolescents with and without ADHD

Journal Article Current Psychology · February 1, 2024 Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulty with emotion regulation relative to their non-ADHD peers, including the use of distraction and reappraisal to regulate emotions. The aim of the current study was to examine emoti ... Full text Cite

Association Between Stimulant Treatment and Substance Use Through Adolescence Into Early Adulthood.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · September 1, 2023 IMPORTANCE: Possible associations between stimulant treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subsequent substance use remain debated and clinically relevant. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of stimulant treatment of ADHD with s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.

Journal Article Lancet Child Adolesc Health · June 2023 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 5% of children and adolescents globally and is associated with negative life outcomes and socioeconomic costs. First-generation ADHD treatments were predominantly pharmacological; howeve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Gamified Mobile Health Contingency Management Intervention for PrEP Adherence Among Black MSM.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · October 2022 Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective at preventing HIV. However, low adherence is common and undermines these protective effects. This is particularly relevant for groups with disproportionately higher rates of HIV, including Black men who ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parental perspectives on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatments for children.

Journal Article Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry · October 2022 This study investigated parental perspectives and experiences on the evaluation and treatment process associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Five hundred sixty-eight parents of youth 2-28 years-old (M = 9.37; SD = 4.11) diagnosed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using Participatory Methods to Assess PrEP Interest and Uptake Among Young People Living in the Southeastern US: A Mixed Methods Assessment.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · May 2022 Adolescents and young adults (AYA; 13-24 years-old) comprise 22% of new HIV infections in the United States (US), most of whom live in the South. We used the situated-Information, Motivation, Behavioral skills (sIMB) model to identify priorities for interv ... Full text Link to item Cite

"My mom calls it Annaland": A Qualitative Study of Phenomenology, Daily Life Impacts, and Treatment Considerations of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · April 2022 Objective: To conduct qualitative analysis of interviews to understand phenomenology, daily life impact, and treatment considerations of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) behaviors in children and adolescents. Method: Youth with elevated SCT symptoms (N = 15, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lessons Learned in Centering Youth Voices in HIV Prevention: The Adolescent Health Working Group.

Journal Article Prog Community Health Partnersh · 2022 BACKGROUND: There remains critical need for community-based approaches to HIV prevention which center youth voices and needs. OBJECTIVES: We established an adolescent health working group (AHWG) to convene youth, parents, providers, and advocates in agenda ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eveningness Diurnal Preference: Putting the "Sluggish" in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · December 2021 OBJECTIVE: Eveningness diurnal preference is common in psychiatric conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internalizing disorders. Little is known about how diurnal preference relates to sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT)-a d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Awareness and acceptability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among students at two historically Black universities (HBCU): a cross-sectional survey.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · May 19, 2021 BACKGROUND: Despite young African American adults (ages 18-24) being among the highest risk groups for HIV infection, little is known about their awareness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) - a once daily pill shown to be > 90% effective in preventing ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Health-related quality of life in Iranian adolescents: a psychometric evaluation of the self-report form of the PedsQL 4.0 and an investigation of gender and age differences.

Journal Article Health Qual Life Outcomes · March 26, 2021 BACKGROUND: Research on the psychometric properties of the Persian self-report form of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) in adolescents has several gaps (e.g., convergent validity) that limit its clinical application and ther ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Qualitative Analysis of Contextual Factors Relevant to Suspected Late-Onset ADHD.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · March 2021 Objective: Recent studies suggest attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may emerge post-childhood. We integrate qualitative methods to systematically characterize contextual factors that may (a) delay identification of ADHD in childhood and (b) i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Adults Referred for an ADHD Evaluation: A Psychometric Analysis of Self- and Collateral Report.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · February 2021 Objective: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms uniquely contribute to psychiatric and functional outcomes in child samples; however, the psychometric properties of SCT measures among adult outpatients are unknown. Method: Adults (n = 124) presenting fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Refraining from use diminishes cannabis-associated epigenetic changes in human sperm.

Journal Article Environ Epigenet · 2021 Cannabis use alters sperm DNA methylation, but the potential reversibility of these changes is unknown. Semen samples from cannabis users and non-user controls were collected at baseline and again following a 77-day period of cannabis abstinence (one sperm ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) in an adult outpatient sample seeking an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder assessment: Age of onset and assessment method impact on SCT rates.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · December 2020 BACKGROUND: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is associated with-but distinct from-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined SCT rates in adult outpatients seeking an ADHD assessment, differences in rates based on ADHD status, impac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Data from: Cannabinoid exposure and altered DNA methylation in rat and human sperm

Dataset · August 25, 2020 This dataset contains the raw sequencing data files for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Abstract: Little is known about the reproductive effects of paternal cannabis exposure. We evaluated associations between cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol ... Full text Cite

Early substance use in the pathway from childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to young adult substance use: Evidence of statistical mediation and substance specificity.

Journal Article Psychol Addict Behav · March 2020 This study tested whether early and developmentally atypical substance use mediates risk for adult substance use among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and whether that risk is substance-specific. Participants were children wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cannabis use is associated with potentially heritable widespread changes in autism candidate gene DLGAP2 DNA methylation in sperm.

Journal Article Epigenetics · 2020 Parental cannabis use has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, but how such phenotypes are transmitted is largely unknown. Using reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS), we recently demonstrated that cannabis u ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Depression and ADHD-Related Risk for Substance Use in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: Concurrent and Prospective Associations in the MTA.

Journal Article J Abnorm Child Psychol · December 2019 Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prospectively linked to substance use and disorder. Depression emerging in adolescence is an understudied risk factor that may explain some of this risk. In the present study, we considered media ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adult substance use as a function of growth in peer use across adolescence and young adulthood in the context of ADHD: Findings from the MTA.

Journal Article Addict Behav · December 2019 Peer substance use strongly predicts adolescent and young adult substance use, but its role in ADHD-related risk for substance use, especially in adulthood, is unclear. In a sample with (n = 516) and without (n = 249) childhood ADHD from the Multimodal Tre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking abstinence effects on emotion dysregulation in adult cigarette smokers with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · December 1, 2019 BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is robustly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but little is known about psychological mechanisms accounting for this comorbid relationship. This study examined difficulties in emotion regulation, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attention and behavioral control skills in Iranian school children.

Journal Article Atten Defic Hyperact Disord · September 2019 This study assessed quality of life, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment in a sample of Iranian children based on their attention and behavioral control skills. The sample consisted of 280 male and female childr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and Evaluation of the ADHD Cognitions Scale for Adults.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · August 2019 Objective: The clinical literature on ADHD in adults suggests that "overly positive" or optimistic cognitions may contribute to impairment and failure to use self-regulation skills in this population, yet the research literature on this topic is limited. W ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cigarette Smoking Progression Among Young Adults Diagnosed With ADHD in Childhood: A 16-year Longitudinal Study of Children With and Without ADHD.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · April 17, 2019 INTRODUCTION: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for smoking cigarettes, but there is little longitudinal research on the array of smoking characteristics known to be prognostic of long-term smoking outcomes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictive utility of childhood diagnosis of ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder: adult outcomes in the MTA and effect of comorbidity.

Journal Article Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry · April 2019 Diagnostic guidelines differ between DSM attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ICD hyperkinetic disorder (HKD). Only 145 of 579 children age 7-9 in the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (the MTA) with combined-type DSM-IV ADHD met criteria f ... Full text Link to item Cite

What Do Smokers Want in A Smartphone-Based Cessation Application?

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · November 15, 2018 BACKGROUND: Fueled by rapid technological advances over the past decade, there is growing interest in the use of smartphones to aid in smoking cessation. Hundreds of applications have been developed for this purpose, but little is known about how these app ... Full text Link to item Cite

35.2 Adult Outcomes of ICD-10 Hyperkinetic Disorder in the MTA and Effect of Comorbidity

Conference Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · October 2018 Full text Cite

Smartphone-Based Contingency Management Intervention to Improve Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence: Pilot Trial.

Journal Article JMIR Mhealth Uhealth · September 10, 2018 BACKGROUND: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provides a strong preventative benefit to individuals at risk for HIV. While PrEP adherence is highly correlated with its efficacy, adherence rates are variable both across and within persons. OBJECTIVE: The obje ... Full text Link to item Cite

How Substance Users With ADHD Perceive the Relationship Between Substance Use and Emotional Functioning.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · July 2018 OBJECTIVE: Although substance use (SU) is elevated in ADHD and both are associated with disrupted emotional functioning, little is known about how emotions and SU interact in ADHD. We used a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach to explore this relations ... Full text Link to item Cite

Turning Points in the Lives of Youth of With/Without ADHD: Are They Linked to Changes in Substance Use?

Journal Article J Atten Disord · July 2018 OBJECTIVE: This study examines the behavior beliefs, social supports, and turning points in individuals with/without ADHD related to their substance use/abuse (SU/A) decisions. METHOD: The coded interviews from 60 participants with/without ADHD were compar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Follow-Up of Young Adults With ADHD in the MTA: Design and Methods for Qualitative Interviews.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · July 2018 OBJECTIVE: Qualitative interviews with 183 young adults (YA) in the follow-up of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With and Without ADHD (MTA) provide rich information on beliefs and expectations regarding ADHD, life's turning points, medication u ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Qualitative Interview Study of Persistent and Nonpersistent Substance Use in the MTA: Sample Characteristics, Frequent Use, and Reasons for Use.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · July 2018 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate participants' perceptions about frequent use and reasons for substance use (SU) in the qualitative interview study, an add-on to the multimodal treatment study of ADHD (MTA). METHOD: Using the longitudinal MTA database, 39 ADHD cases ... Full text Link to item Cite

Substance use through adolescence into early adulthood after childhood-diagnosed ADHD: findings from the MTA longitudinal study.

Journal Article J Child Psychol Psychiatry · June 2018 BACKGROUND: Inconsistent findings exist regarding long-term substance use (SU) risk for children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The observational follow-up of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) provi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Late-Onset ADHD Reconsidered With Comprehensive Repeated Assessments Between Ages 10 and 25.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 1, 2018 OBJECTIVE: Adolescents and young adults without childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present to clinics seeking stimulant medication for late-onset ADHD symptoms. Recent birth-cohort studies support the notion of late-onset ADHD, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cannabinoid exposure and altered DNA methylation in rat and human sperm.

Journal Article Epigenetics · 2018 Little is known about the reproductive effects of paternal cannabis exposure. We evaluated associations between cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure and altered DNA methylation in sperm from humans and rats, respectively. DNA methylation, measur ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The impact of mindfulness meditation training on executive functions and emotion dysregulation in an Iranian sample of female adolescents with elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms

Journal Article Australian Journal of Psychology · December 1, 2017 Background: Mindfulness-based interventions improve a variety of clinical outcomes. Executive functioning (EF) and emotion dysregulation are among the proposed transdiagnostic mechanisms that such interventions are proposed to target. The aim of the curren ... Full text Cite

A Pilot Trial of Mindfulness Meditation Training for ADHD in Adulthood: Impact on Core Symptoms, Executive Functioning, and Emotion Dysregulation.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · November 2017 OBJECTIVE: Mindfulness meditation training is garnering increasing empirical interest as an intervention for ADHD in adulthood, although no studies of mindfulness as a standalone treatment have included a sample composed entirely of adults with ADHD or a c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors of impulsivity and cluster B personality dimensions

Journal Article Journal of Individual Differences · November 1, 2017 The goal of the present investigation was to expand the literature on impulsivity and Cluster B personality disorders (PDs) by conceptualizing impulsivity in a multidimensional manner. Two separate undergraduate samples (n = 223; n = 204) completed measure ... Full text Cite

Defining ADHD symptom persistence in adulthood: optimizing sensitivity and specificity.

Journal Article J Child Psychol Psychiatry · June 2017 OBJECTIVE: Longitudinal studies of children diagnosed with ADHD report widely ranging ADHD persistence rates in adulthood (5-75%). This study documents how information source (parent vs. self-report), method (rating scale vs. interview), and symptom thresh ... Full text Link to item Cite

ADHD and nonsuicidal self-injury in male veterans with and without PTSD.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · June 2017 The objective of the present research was to examine the association between ADHD symptoms and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in male Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans with and without PTSD. Approximately 25% of veterans screened positive for clinically-signif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Young adult outcomes in the follow-up of the multimodal treatment study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: symptom persistence, source discrepancy, and height suppression.

Journal Article J Child Psychol Psychiatry · June 2017 BACKGROUND: The Multimodal Treatment Study (MTA) began as a 14-month randomized clinical trial of behavioral and pharmacological treatments of 579 children (7-10 years of age) diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-combined type. It ... Full text Link to item Cite

Method of adult diagnosis influences estimated persistence of childhood ADHD: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

Journal Article Lancet Psychiatry · December 2016 Several studies have questioned the stability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adulthood. This systematic review illustrates how variability in diagnostic methods influences adult ADHD persistence estimates. Systematic d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional Adult Outcomes 16 Years After Childhood Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: MTA Results.

Journal Article J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry · November 2016 OBJECTIVE: To compare educational, occupational, legal, emotional, substance use disorder, and sexual behavior outcomes in young adults with persistent and desistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and a local normative comparison ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reinforcement Sensitivity and Social Anxiety in Combat Veterans.

Journal Article Pers Individ Dif · August 2016 OBJECTIVE: The present study tested the hypothesis that low behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity is associated with social anxiety in combat veterans. METHOD: Self-report measures of reinforcement sensitivity, combat exposure, social interaction an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult ADHD: A case study of multi-method assessment of executive functioning in clinical practice and manualized treatment adaptation

Journal Article Clinical Case Studies · June 1, 2016 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder that regularly persists into adulthood and is associated with a number of maladaptive functional outcomes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an empirically based treatment that ... Full text Cite

"I Use Weed for My ADHD": A Qualitative Analysis of Online Forum Discussions on Cannabis Use and ADHD.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2016 BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for problematic cannabis use. However, clinical and anecdotal evidence suggest an increasingly popular perception that cannabis is therapeutic for ADHD, including via online resou ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Incautiously Optimistic: Positively-Valenced Cognitive Avoidance in Adult ADHD.

Journal Article Cogn Behav Pract · May 2015 Clinicians who conduct cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) targeting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood have noted that their patients sometimes verbalize overly positive automatic thoughts and set overly optimistic goals. These co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mindfulness Meditation Training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adulthood: Current Empirical Support, Treatment Overview, and Future Directions.

Journal Article Cogn Behav Pract · May 2015 Research examining nonpharmacological interventions for adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has expanded in recent years and provides patients with more treatment options. Mindfulness-based training is an example of an int ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ecological momentary assessment of antecedents and consequences of smoking in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Journal Article Subst Use Misuse · September 2014 The current study assessed antecedents and consequences of ad lib cigarette smoking in smokers diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Adult smokers with ADHD (n = 17) completed 870 smokin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combined ecological momentary assessment and global positioning system tracking to assess smoking behavior: a proof of concept study.

Journal Article J Dual Diagn · 2014 OBJECTIVE: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods have provided a rich assessment of the contextual factors associated with a wide range of behaviors including alcohol use, eating, physical activity, and smoking. Despite this rich database, this inf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · January 2014 INTRODUCTION: Smokers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ from smokers without ADHD across a range of smoking outcomes (e.g., higher prevalence rates of smoking, faster progression to regular smoking, and greater difficulty quitting ... Full text Link to item Cite

Are negative automatic thoughts associated with adhd in adulthood?

Journal Article Cognitive Therapy and Research · August 1, 2013 Recent randomized controlled trials indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an efficacious treatment. Although treatments for adults with ADHD target negative automatic thoughts, t ... Full text Cite

Variety of self-injury: is the number of different methods of non-suicidal self-injury related to personality, psychopathology, or functions of self-injury?

Journal Article Arch Suicide Res · 2013 This study explored the association between number of methods of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) and personality, psychopathology, and functions of NSSI. Two combined undergraduate samples reporting a history of NSSI (n = 149) completed measures of personal ... Full text Link to item Cite

ADHD in adolescence

Chapter · 2013 Cite

Emotion dysregulation and emotional impulsivity among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results of a preliminary study

Journal Article Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · December 1, 2012 Recent reviews argue that emotion dysregulation is an important feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and involves a failure to inhibit negative emotions that leads to negative affectively-driven impulsive behavior (i.e., emotional imp ... Full text Cite

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adult ADHD: Targeting Executive Dysfunction

Journal Article Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · December 1, 2012 Full text Cite

Assessing the role of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · August 2012 INTRODUCTION: Smoking prevalence among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is elevated relative to non-PTSD smokers, and there is evidence to suggest that affect regulation may be a motivation for smoking among those with this disorder. P ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sex, ADHD symptoms, and smoking outcomes: an integrative model.

Journal Article Med Hypotheses · May 2012 Both females and individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been found to be at increased risk for a range of smoking outcomes, and recent empirical findings have suggested that women with ADHD may be particularly vulnerable to n ... Full text Link to item Cite

BIS and BAS interact with perceived parental affectionless control to predict personality disorder symptomatology.

Journal Article J Pers Disord · April 2012 The objective of this study was to examine if and how two basic dimensions of temperament-behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity-might interact with exposure to perceived parental affectionless control (AFC) to ... Full text Link to item Cite

BIS, BAS, and bias: The role of personality and cognitive bias in social anxiety

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · February 1, 2012 The goal of the present research was to test the hypothesis that cognitive biases for negative and threatening social information mediate the effects of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity on social anxiety. ... Full text Cite

An evaluation of behavioral approach in adults with ADHD

Journal Article Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · December 1, 2011 Motivational models emphasizing altered reinforcement sensitivity have been increasingly implicated in etiological accounts of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Overactive behavioral approach tendencies are identified among these motivation ... Full text Cite

The effect of behavioral inhibition and approach on normal social functioning

Journal Article Individual Differences Research · December 1, 2010 Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory is a personality model that proposes brain systems, referred to as the Behavioral Approach System (BAS), and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), underlie individual differences in personality, mood, and approach-avoidan ... Cite

Behavioral approach in ADHD: testing a motivational dysfunction hypothesis.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · May 2010 OBJECTIVE: Etiological models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increasingly support the role of a motivational dysfunction pathway, particularly for hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Overactive behavioral approach tendencies are implicated ... Full text Link to item Cite

An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety.

Journal Article J Anxiety Disord · April 2010 BACKGROUND: Both behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity have been proposed to play a role in social anxiety; however, findings concerning the relationship between BAS and social anxiety have been mixed. Moreover ... Full text Link to item Cite

Self-reported ADHD symptoms among college students: item positioning affects symptom endorsement rates.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · September 2009 OBJECTIVE: The effect of manipulating item positioning on self-reported ADHD symptoms was examined. We assessed whether listing DSM-IV ADHD symptoms serially or interspersed affected (a) the correlation between ADHD symptoms and (b) the rate of symptom end ... Full text Link to item Cite

The expression of adult ADHD symptoms in daily life: an application of experience sampling methodology.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · May 2008 OBJECTIVE: To use experience sampling method (ESM) to examine the impact of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms on emotional well-being, activities and distress, cognitive impairment, and social functioning assessed in the daily lives of yo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensitivity to punishment and low maternal care account for the link between bulimic and social anxiety symptomology.

Journal Article Eat Behav · April 2008 OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the joint effect of personality and parenting factors on the prediction of bulimia nervosa (BN) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptomology in a sample of female college students. The study also tested whether perso ... Full text Link to item Cite

High BAS, but not low BIS, predicts externalizing symptoms in adults

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · February 1, 2008 The current study examined the role of Behavioral Approach System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) sensitivity in predicting symptoms along the externalizing dimension of psychopathology. A sample of 273 undergraduates completed measures of BAS ... Full text Cite

Adapting an emerging empirically supported cognitive-behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD and comorbid complications: An example of two case studies

Journal Article Clinical Case Studies · January 1, 2008 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly considered a disorder that affects children and adolescents; however, follow-up studies of those diagnosed with ADHD indicate significant continuation and impairment into adulthood. For these adul ... Full text Cite

Examination of the reliability and factor structure of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a non-clinical sample

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · November 1, 2007 A self-report screening measure for high functioning autism spectrum disorders is needed for diagnostic screening and research purposes. The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) has been developed for these reasons, although a comprehensive assessment of the psyc ... Full text Cite

An analysis of reinforcement sensitivity theory and the five-factor model

Journal Article European Journal of Personality · November 1, 2007 Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) are two prominent personality accounts that have emerged from different backgrounds. Although the two accounts are applied to similar research topics, there is limited empirical work ex ... Full text Cite

The relationship of Asperger's characteristics and schizotypal personality traits in a non-clinical adult sample.

Journal Article J Autism Dev Disord · October 2007 The study examines the relationship between Asperger's Disorder (AD) and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD), mutually exclusive but similar diagnoses [DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disor ... Full text Link to item Cite

The interaction of reinforcement sensitivity and life events in the prediction of anhedonic depression and mixed anxiety-depression symptoms

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · October 1, 2007 This study examined the relationship between reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST), life stress, and internalizing symptoms. Generally, low sensitivity of the behavioral approach system (BAS) predicts depression whereas high sensitivity of the behavioral ... Full text Cite

Reinforcement sensitivity and maternal style as predictors of psychopathology

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · April 1, 2007 This study examined the effect of reinforcement sensitivity and adverse parenting on adult psychopathology. One hundred eighty-one undergraduates completed a battery of self-report scales measuring Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) sensitivity, Behavioral ... Full text Cite

A modified DBT skills training program for oppositional defiant adolescents: promising preliminary findings.

Journal Article Behav Res Ther · December 2006 A modified skills training component of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was implemented in a group therapy format for non-suicidal outpatient young adolescents who met criteria for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Thirty-two youths completed the 16- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in adults: Relationship to Gray's Behavioral Approach System

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · March 1, 2006 Disinhibition has received considerable recognition as a primary deficit in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). The goal of the present study was to investigate claims that Gray's Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is linked to a disinhibitory ... Full text Cite