Scholars@Duke
Monty Hughes Jr.

Monty Hughes Jr.

Assistant Professor in Urology
Urology
monty.hughes@duke.edu
383 MSRB 1, Durham, NC 27710
383 MSRB 1, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Male Akita diabetic mice develop underactive bladder independent of NLRP3 that can be prevented with blood glucose control.

Journal Article Continence (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · December 2024 AimDiabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is the most common diabetic complication. Patients present with overactive symptoms, underactive symptoms, or both. While strict glucose control may be expected to reverse DBD, prior studies have not been supp ... Full text Cite

Strict glucose control and elimination of NLRP3-induced inflammation prevents diabetic bladder dysfunction in the female Akita mouse model.

Journal Article Neurourol Urodyn · November 2024 PURPOSE: Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is the most common diabetic complication. Logically, regulation of blood glucose should reverse dysfunction, but the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study found strict control ineffective ... Full text Link to item Cite

Specialized pro-resolution mediators in the bladder: effects of resolvin E1 on diabetic bladder dysfunction in the type 1 diabetic male Akita mouse model.

Journal Article BMC Urol · June 21, 2024 BACKGROUND: One of the most common, but least studied, diabetic complication is diabetic bladder dysfunction. Current therapies include glucose control and symptom-based interventions. However, efficacy of these therapies is mixed and often have undesirabl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enzyme-induced hypoxia leads to inflammation in urothelial cells in vitro.

Journal Article Int Urol Nephrol · May 2024 PURPOSE: To determine the contributions of different durations of hypoxia to NLRP3 inflammasome activation in urothelial cells and how ischemic changes in bladder tissues is an important chemical que that leads to pathological changes seen in BOO. METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Female Type 1 Diabetic Akita Mice Demonstrate Increased Bladder Contractility via FP Receptor Activation due to NLRP3-Mediated Inflammation.

Journal Article Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) · April 18, 2024 BACKGROUND: Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is driven in part by inflammation which dysregulates prostaglandin release in the bladder. Precise inflammatory mechanisms responsible for such dysregulation have been elusive. Since prostaglandins impact blad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recurrent infections drive persistent bladder dysfunction and pain via sensory nerve sprouting and mast cell activity.

Journal Article Sci Immunol · March 2024 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for almost 25% of infections in women. Many are recurrent (rUTI), with patients frequently experiencing chronic pelvic pain and urinary frequency despite clearance of bacteriuria after antibiotics. To elucidate the b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Male Akita mice develop signs of bladder underactivity independent of NLRP3 as a result of a decrease in neurotransmitter release from efferent neurons.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · July 1, 2023 Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a prevalent diabetic complication that is recalcitrant to glucose control. Using the Akita mouse model (type 1) bred to be NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)+/+ or NLRP3-/-, we have previously found that fema ... Full text Link to item Cite

Why Are Some People with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) Depressed? New Evidence That Peripheral Inflammation in the Bladder Causes Central Inflammation and Mood Disorders.

Journal Article Int J Mol Sci · February 1, 2023 Anecdotal evidence has long suggested that patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) develop mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, at a higher rate than the general population and recent prospective studies have confirmed this link. Break ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Diabetes causes NLRP3-dependent barrier dysfunction in mice with detrusor overactivity but not underactivity.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · December 1, 2022 Approximately half of the patients with diabetes develop diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD). The initiation and progression of DBD is largely attributed to inflammation due to dysregulated glucose and the production of toxic metabolites that activate the N ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diabetic bladder dysfunction progresses from an overactive to an underactive phenotype in a type-1 diabetic mouse model (Akita female mouse) and is dependent on NLRP3.

Journal Article Life Sci · June 15, 2022 AIMS: Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a prevalent diabetic complication thought to progress from overactive (OAB) to underactive (UAB) bladder. Previously we found OAB at 15 weeks in the Akita mouse, a genetic model of Type 1 diabetes. The first aim ... Full text Link to item Cite

Specialized pro-resolution mediators in the bladder: Receptor expression and recovery of bladder function from cystitis.

Journal Article Exp Biol Med (Maywood) · April 2022 Inflammation is a central process in most benign bladder disorders, and its control is a delicate balance between initiating factors and resolving factors. While recent discoveries have shown a central role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in initiation, the res ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inflammation triggered by the NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical driver of diabetic bladder dysfunction.

Journal Article Front Physiol · 2022 Diabetes is a rapidly expanding epidemic projected to affect as many as 1 in 3 Americans by 2050. This disease is characterized by devastating complications brought about high glucose and metabolic derangement. The most common of these complications is dia ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

BOO induces fibrosis and EMT in urothelial cells which can be recapitulated in vitro through elevated storage and voiding pressure cycles.

Journal Article Int Urol Nephrol · October 2021 PURPOSE: To determine the unique contributions from elevated voiding and storage pressures in the development of fibrosis and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in urothelial cells, and how progressive BOO pressure cycling is an important mecha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Specialized proresolution mediators in the bladder: annexin-A1 normalizes inflammation and bladder dysfunction during bladder outlet obstruction.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · October 1, 2021 Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is ultimately experienced by ≈90% of men, most commonly secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Inflammation is a critical driver of BOO pathology in the bladder and can be divided into two critical steps: initiation and ... Full text Link to item Cite

A possible mechanism underlying mood disorders associated with LUTS: Chronic bladder outlet obstruction causes NLRP3-dependent inflammation in the hippocampus and depressive behavior in rats.

Journal Article Neurourol Urodyn · August 2020 AIMS: Reports link urinary dysfunction and mood disorders, such as depression, but a causative mechanism has never been postulated. Contemporary discoveries demonstrate a local inflammatory response in peripheral organs can trigger inflammation in the brai ... Full text Link to item Cite

A highly polarized TH2 bladder response to infection promotes epithelial repair at the expense of preventing new infections.

Journal Article Nat Immunol · June 2020 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) typically evoke prompt and vigorous innate bladder immune responses, including extensive exfoliation of the epithelium. To explain the basis for the extraordinarily high recurrence rates of UTIs, we examined adaptive immune ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis results in NLRP3-mediated inflammation in the hippocampus and symptoms of depression in rats.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · February 1, 2020 Recent breakthroughs demonstrate that peripheral diseases can trigger inflammation in the brain, causing psychosocial maladies, including depression. While few direct studies have been made, anecdotal reports associate urological disorders with mental dysf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of Poly (Carbonate-Urethane) Urea (PCUU) Scaffolds for Urinary Bladder Tissue Engineering.

Journal Article Ann Biomed Eng · March 2019 Although the previous success of bladder tissue engineering demonstrated the feasibility of this technology, most polyester based scaffolds used in previous studies possess inadequate mechanical properties for organs that exhibit large deformation. The pre ... Full text Link to item Cite

NLRP3 Promotes Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction and Changes in Symptom-Specific Bladder Innervation.

Journal Article Diabetes · February 2019 The NLRP3 inflammasome senses diabetic metabolites and initiates inflammation implicated in diabetic complications and neurodegeneration. No studies have investigated NLRP3 in diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD), despite a high clinical prevalence. In vitro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bladder decompensation and reduction in nerve density in a rat model of chronic bladder outlet obstruction are attenuated with the NLRP3 inhibitor glyburide.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · January 1, 2019 Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) leads to progressive voiding dysfunction. Acutely, obstruction triggers inflammation that drives bladder dysfunction. Over time, inflammation leads to decreased bladder nerve density and increased fibrosis, responsible for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calcium Pyrophosphate And Monosodium Urate Activate The NLRP3 Inflammasome Within Bladder Urothelium Via Reactive Oxygen Species And TXNIP.

Journal Article Res Rep Urol · 2019 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vitro activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome within bladder urothelium by stone-forming components. Further, to describe the contributions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an impor ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Elevated hydrostatic pressure stimulates ATP release which mediates activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via P2X4 in rat urothelial cells.

Journal Article Int Urol Nephrol · September 2018 Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) is a prevalent urological condition commonly accompanied by increased intravesical pressure, inflammation, and fibrosis. Studies have demonstrated that pBOO results in increased NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 act ... Full text Link to item Cite

NLRP3/IL-1β mediates denervation during bladder outlet obstruction in rats.

Journal Article Neurourol Urodyn · March 2018 AIMS: Denervation of the bladder is a detrimental consequence of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). We have previously shown that, during BOO, inflammation triggered by the NLRP3 inflammasome in the urothelia mediates physiological bladder dysfunction and d ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The Emerging Role of Inflammasomes as Central Mediators in Inflammatory Bladder Pathology.

Journal Article Curr Urol · February 2018 Irritative voiding symptoms (e.g. increased frequency and urgency) occur in many common pathologic conditions such as urinary tract infections and bladder outlet obstruction, and these conditions are well-established to have underlying inflammation that di ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Diabetic bladder dysfunction is associated with bladder inflammation triggered through hyperglycemia, not polyuria.

Journal Article Res Rep Urol · 2018 PURPOSE: Diabetes is a grave and progressive condition characterized by debilitating complications. Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a very common complication with no specific treatments currently available. Unlike other tissues affected by this dise ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Bladder fibrosis during outlet obstruction is triggered through the NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of IL-1β.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · September 1, 2017 Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) triggers inflammation in the bladder through the NLRP3 inflammasome. BOO also activates fibrosis, which is largely responsible for the decompensation of the bladder in the chronic state. Because fibrosis can be driven by in ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A three dimensional nerve map of human bladder trigone.

Journal Article Neurourol Urodyn · April 2017 AIM: Central efferent and afferent neural pathways to and from the human urinary bladder are well-characterized, but the location and arborization of these nerves as they traverse the serosa, muscularis, and urothelial layers are not clearly defined. The p ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Inflammasomes in the urinary tract: a disease-based review.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · October 1, 2016 Inflammasomes are supramolecular structures that sense molecular patterns from pathogenic organisms or damaged cells and trigger an innate immune response, most commonly through production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, but also through ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediates Inflammation Produced by Bladder Outlet Obstruction.

Journal Article J Urol · May 2016 PURPOSE: While bladder outlet obstruction is well established to elicit an inflammatory reaction in the bladder that leads to overactive bladder and fibrosis, little is known about the mechanism by which this is initiated. NLRs (NOD-like receptors) and the ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The potential repertoire of the innate immune system in the bladder: expression of pattern recognition receptors in the rat bladder and a rat urothelial cell line (MYP3 cells).

Journal Article Int Urol Nephrol · December 2015 PURPOSE: The urothelium is a frontline sensor of the lower urinary tract, sampling the bladder lumen and stimulating an immune response to infectious and noxious agents. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize such agents and coordinate the innate r ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

S-Nitrosoglutathione protects the spinal bladder: novel therapeutic approach to post-spinal cord injury bladder remodeling.

Journal Article Neurourol Urodyn · August 2015 AIMS: Bladder and renal dysfunction are secondary events of the inflammatory processes induced by spinal cord injury (SCI). S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous nitrosylating agent is pleiotropic and has anti-inflammatory property. Hence, GSNO amelio ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel urodynamic model for lower urinary tract assessment in awake rats.

Journal Article BJU Int · April 2015 OBJECTIVES: To develop a urodynamic model incorporating external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography (EMG) in awake rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladder catheters and EUS EMG electrodes were implanted in female Sprague Dawley rats. Assessments were p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inflammasomes are important mediators of cyclophosphamide-induced bladder inflammation.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · February 1, 2014 Bladder inflammation (cystitis) underlies numerous bladder pathologies and is elicited by a plethora of agents such as urinary tract infections, bladder outlet obstruction, chemotherapies, and catheters. Pattern recognition receptors [Toll-like receptors ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Simvastatin suppresses cyclophosphamide-induced changes in urodynamics and bladder inflammation.

Journal Article Urology · January 2013 OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of daily oral simvastatin administration to reduce the negative urodynamic changes associated with cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cystitis and to prevent bladder inflammation. Patients undergoing CP chemotherapy frequently d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a Peptide-derived orally-active kappa-opioid receptor agonist targeting peripheral pain.

Journal Article Open Med Chem J · 2013 Kappa-opioid agonists are particularly efficacious in the treatment of peripheral pain but suffer from central nervous system (CNS)-mediated effects that limit their development. One promising kappa-agonist is the peptidic compound CR665. Although not oral ... Full text Link to item Cite

Copper exposure affects hemocyte apoptosis and Perkinsus marinus infection in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin).

Journal Article Fish Shellfish Immunol · August 2011 Dermo disease in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is caused by an intracellular protistan parasite Perkinsus marinus. The progression and outcome of this disease is determined by a complex interplay between the host's immunity and parasite's esca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Apoptosis as a host defense mechanism in Crassostrea virginica and its modulation by Perkinsus marinus.

Journal Article Fish Shellfish Immunol · August 2010 Dermo disease caused by the obligatory intracellular protozoan Perkinsus marinus causes extensive oyster mortalities leading to tremendous losses in the oyster industry and damage to estuarine ecosystems. To better understand the mechanisms of the parasite ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification and functional characterization of a stable, centrally active derivative of the neurotensin (8-13) fragment as a potential first-in-class analgesic.

Journal Article J Med Chem · June 24, 2010 The neurotensin hexapapetide fragment NT(8-13) is a potent analgesic when administered directly to the central nervous system but does not cross the blood-brain barrier. A total of 43 novel derivatives of NT(8-13) were evaluated, with one, ABS212 (1), bein ... Full text Link to item Cite

Emerging Role of Water Channels in Regulating Cellular Volume During Oxygen Deprivation and Cell Death

Chapter · January 1, 2009 In this review, we will discuss how proteinaceous water channels, termed aquaporins (AQPs), regulate water fluxes across plasma membranes within various physiological and pathophysiological contexts. Particular emphasis has been assigned to changes in aqua ... Full text Cite

Gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibits synergistic interleukin-6 release but not transcriptional activation in astrocytoma cells.

Journal Article Neuroimmunomodulation · 2008 OBJECTIVE: A decline in the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may enhance cytokine release in Alzheimer's disease (AD) resulting in neuroinflammation. We investigated the GABA-mediated suppression of the synergistic release of inte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decreased aquaporin expression leads to increased resistance to apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Journal Article Cancer Lett · May 18, 2007 Cells undergoing apoptosis are characterized by decreased cell size due to changes in intracellular ion concentration and rapid, aquaporin (AQP)-dependent water movement out of the cell, events required for the activation of pro-apoptotic enzymes. The curr ... Full text Link to item Cite

The potential role of caveolin-1 in inhibition of aquaporins during the AVD.

Journal Article Biol Cell · January 2006 BACKGROUND INFORMATION: During apoptosis, the first morphological change is a distinct cell shrinkage known as the AVD (apoptotic volume decrease). This event is driven by a loss of intracellular K(+), which creates an osmotic gradient, drawing water out o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cadmium-induced apoptosis in oyster hemocytes involves disturbance of cellular energy balance but no mitochondrial permeability transition.

Journal Article J Exp Biol · September 2004 Exposure to environmentally prevalent heavy metals such as cadmium can have detrimental effects on a variety of commercially and ecologically important species such as oysters. Since Cd(2+) is known to induce apoptosis in immune cells of vertebrates, we ha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasma membrane aquaporin activity can affect the rate of apoptosis but is inhibited after apoptotic volume decrease.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Cell Physiol · April 2004 Apoptosis is characterized by a conserved series of morphological events beginning with the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD). This study investigated a role for aquaporins (AQPs) during the AVD. Inhibition of AQPs blocked the AVD in ovarian granulosa cells ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estrogen regulation of AQP-2 expression in human uterine epithelium

Conference BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION · January 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Estrogen regulation of aquaporins in the mouse uterus: potential roles in uterine water movement.

Journal Article Biology of reproduction · November 2003 Estrogen stimulates water imbibition in the uterine endometrium. This water then crosses the epithelial cells into the lumen, leading to a decrease in viscosity of uterine luminal fluid. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying this estrogen-stimulat ... Full text Cite

Bacterial infection of osteoblasts induces interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 transcription but not protein synthesis.

Journal Article J Interferon Cytokine Res · October 2002 A growing body of evidence has shown that bacterially challenged bone-forming osteoblasts are a significant source of an array of cytokines and chemokines that can support immune responses during bone disease. In the present study, Staphylococcus aureus an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Water permeability of an ovarian antral follicle is predominantly transcellular and mediated by aquaporins.

Journal Article Endocrinology · August 2002 Ovarian folliculogenesis is characterized, in part, by the formation and expansion of the fluid-filled antrum. Development of this cavity requires water influx, which may occur by transcellular or pericellular transport mechanisms. To assess the contributi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decreased intracellular potassium levels underlie increased progesterone synthesis during ovarian follicular atresia.

Journal Article Biol Reprod · June 2001 More than 99% of ovarian follicles are lost by a degenerative process known as atresia, a phenomenon characterized by apoptosis of granulosa cells. Uniquely, dying granulosa cells also greatly increase their progesterone biosynthesis while reducing estroge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of potassium-dependent and -independent components of the apoptotic machinery in mouse ovarian germ cells and granulosa cells.

Journal Article Biol Reprod · November 2000 Recent studies with thymocytes have suggested a critical role for intracellular potassium in the regulation of apoptosis. In this study, we examined the pathways of K(+) regulation during ovarian cell death. In initial studies, fluorographic analysis demon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delineation of the signaling pathways involved in glucocorticoid-induced and spontaneous apoptosis of rat thymocytes.

Journal Article Endocrinology · February 2000 In primary rat thymocytes, both glucocorticoids and the withdrawal of in vivo survival factors elicit apoptosis. In this study we wanted to determine whether distinct pathways leading to apoptosis are engaged by these two stimuli. To address this question, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Apoptotic nuclease assays.

Book · 2000 One of the defining biochemical characteristics of apoptosis is the degradation of chromatin into regularly sized (oligonucleosomal and approximately 30- to 50-kb) fragments. Because destruction of the genome represents a clear commitment to death, conside ... Full text Link to item Cite

A necessary role for reduced intracellular potassium during the DNA degradation phase of apoptosis.

Journal Article Steroids · September 1999 Apoptosis is a highly organized mechanism that allows specific cells to die in a controlled manner. Apoptosis can be induced by a variety of agents in a great number of cell types, but cell shrinkage and discrete chromatin cleavage remain common components ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potassium is a critical regulator of apoptotic enzymes in vitro and in vivo.

Conference Adv Enzyme Regul · 1999 Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental biological process involved in many physiological and pathological phenomena. This process is predominantly catabolic in which cellular macromolecules are broken down by distinct enzymes to be later rec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evidence that non-caspase proteases are required for chromatin degradation during apoptosis.

Journal Article Cell Death Differ · December 1998 Chromatin degradation into oligonucleosomal and approximately 30-50 Kb fragments is a hallmark of apoptosis. Crude nuclear extract from apoptotic rat thymocytes is able to recapitulate both types of DNA fragmentation in an assay using HeLa cell nuclei as a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Induction of apoptosis by the novel retinoid AHPN in human T-cell lymphoma cells involves caspase-dependent and independent pathways.

Journal Article Cell Death Differ · November 1998 Retinoids play an important role in the control of lymphocyte function and homeostasis in the thymus. In this study, we show that the induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in a variety of T-cell lymphoma cell lines, including Jurkat and Molt-4 cells, is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis: protease-dependent activation of cell shrinkage and DNA degradation.

Conference J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol · April 1998 Glucocorticoids are well known to stimulate apoptosis in immature thymocytes. Apoptosis in this and other cells is characterized by cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation and activation of a class of proteases named caspases. We have utilized the flow cytometer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Thymosin fraction 5 inhibits the proliferation of the rat neuroendocrine MMQ pituitary adenoma and C6 glioma cell lines in vitro.

Journal Article Endocrinology · April 1998 Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, these proteins affect pituitary cell proliferation in vitro. Thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) is a partially purified preparation of the bovine t ... Full text Link to item Cite

High and low molecular weight DNA cleavage in ovarian granulosa cells: characterization and protease modulation in intact cells and in cell-free nuclear autodigestion assays.

Journal Article Cell Death Differ · January 1998 To continue elucidation of the biochemical and molecular pathways involved in the induction of apoptosis in granulosa cells (GC) of ovarian follicles destined for atresia, we characterized the occurrence and protease modulation of high and low molecular we ... Full text Link to item Cite

A primary role for K+ and Na+ efflux in the activation of apoptosis.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 19, 1997 Cell shrinkage is a major characteristic of apoptosis, but the mechanism and role of this process in cell death are poorly understood. The primary factor that controls volume regulation in all cells is ions, and thus we have examined the movement of ions a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intracellular K+ suppresses the activation of apoptosis in lymphocytes.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · November 28, 1997 Little is known about the mechanisms of suppression of apoptosis. We have addressed the novel possibility that the level of intracellular K+ regulates the apoptotic process by controlling the activity of death enzymes. We show that K+, at normal intracellu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Candidate nucleases responsible for genomic degradation during apoptosis

Journal Article Comments on Toxicology · June 30, 1997 Cite

Roles of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+ stores in induction and suppression of apoptosis in S49 cells.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · April 1997 The Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors, thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, depleted intracellular Ca2+ stores, induced large increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and caused apoptosis in S49 cells. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ augmented apoptosis due to th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Utilization of an in vitro assay to evaluate chromatin degradation by candidate apoptotic nucleases.

Journal Article Cell Death Differ · April 1997 Apoptosis is commonly associated with the catabolism of the genome in the dying cell. The chromatin degradation occurs in essentially two forms: (1) internucleosomal DNA cleavage to generate oligonucleosomal-length fragments (180-200 bp and multiples there ... Full text Link to item Cite

Native recombinant cyclophilins A, B, and C degrade DNA independently of peptidylprolyl cis-trans-isomerase activity. Potential roles of cyclophilins in apoptosis.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · March 7, 1997 Previous work in our laboratory (Montague, J., Gaido, M., Frye, C., and Cidlowski, J. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 18877-18880) has shown that human recombinant cyclophilins A, B, and C have sequence homology with the apoptotic nuclease NUC18 and that denatu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intracellular potassium levels inhibit apoptotic dna degradation

Journal Article FASEB Journal · December 1, 1996 Degradation of chromatin into oligonucleosomal and/or large =3050 Kb fragments during apoptosis can be recapitulated in vitro in isolated rat thymocyte nuclei (i.e. autodigestion). We have used this model to assess the effects of K+ concentration on apopto ... Cite

The biochemistry and molecular biology of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in the immune system.

Journal Article Recent Prog Horm Res · 1996 Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs under numerous developmental and physiological conditions that require the selective elimination of cells from tissues and organs without the production of an inflammatory response. The initiation of ... Link to item Cite

Apoptotic DNA degradation: Evidence for novel enzymes

Journal Article Cell Death and Differentiation · December 1, 1994 Apoptosis is characterized by multiple morphological and biochemical changes. One biochemical change that has been primarily associated with apoptosis is the cleavage of chromatin in the internucleosomal regions. We have taken two independent approaches to ... Cite

Regulation of apoptosis in S49 cells.

Journal Article J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol · June 1994 Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a highly regulated physiological process by which individual cells die and are removed from a given population. This process, defined by both morphological and biochemical characteristics, has been extensively studie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on rat ovarian granulosa cell steroidogenesis in vitro.

Journal Article Am J Reprod Immunol · 1994 PROBLEM: The localization and biological effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are not limited to cardiac tissue but extend to a number of extra-atrial tissues and organs, including the ovary. The objective of the present study was to determine the e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interleukin-6: effects on and production by rat granulosa cells in vitro.

Journal Article Endocrinology · March 1992 Treatment of FSH-stimulated granulosa cells with increasing amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6) caused a significant concentration-dependent suppression of progesterone biosynthesis. However, basal progesterone production in non-FSH-stimulated cells remained u ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biochemical identification of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in granulosa cells: evidence for a potential mechanism underlying follicular atresia.

Journal Article Endocrinology · November 1991 In the present study, we examined the possibility that granulosa cell death during ovarian follicular atresia occurs by apoptosis (programmed cell death). To investigate this possibility, atresia was induced in immature female rats by injecting 15 IU PMSG. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Production of progestin-stimulatory factor(s) by enriched populations of rat T and B lymphocytes.

Journal Article Biol Reprod · May 1991 We have previously demonstrated that a progestin-stimulatory factor(s) (PSF) is present in the supernate of concanavalin A-activated rat splenocytes. In the absence of FSH, PSF evokes dose-dependent increases in both progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxypregn- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of cytokines on porcine granulosa cell steroidogenesis in vitro.

Journal Article Biol Reprod · November 1990 Recent evidence indicates that factors produced by immune cells (cytokines) may play a role in ovarian function. To explore this possibility, we examined the effects of conditioned medium obtained from cultures of either unstimulated splenocytes (splenocyt ... Full text Link to item Cite