Scholars@Duke
Noreen Bukhari-Parlakturk

Noreen Bukhari-Parlakturk

Assistant Professor of Neurology
Neurology, Movement Disorders
noreen.bukhari@duke.edu
932 Morreene Road, Room 228, Box 3333, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

Motor network reorganization associated with rTMS-induced writing improvement in writer's cramp dystonia.

Journal Article Brain Stimul · 2025 BACKGROUND: Writer's cramp (WC) dystonia is an involuntary movement disorder with distributed abnormalities in the brain's motor network. Prior studies established the potential for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to either premotor cor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Towards accredited clinical training in brain stimulation: Proceedings from the brain stimulation subspecialty summits.

Journal Article Brain Stimul · 2025 The rapid development and clinical use of brain stimulation has renewed debates about whether to define and accredit a pathway for clinical subspecialty training. To address this, the Brain Stimulation Subspecialty Summits (BraSSS) were convened in 2023 an ... Full text Link to item Cite

An experimental examination of neurostimulation and cognitive restructuring as potential components for Misophonia interventions.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · April 1, 2024 Misophonia is a disorder of decreased tolerance to certain aversive, repetitive common sounds, or to stimuli associated with these sounds. Two matched groups of adults (29 participants with misophonia and 30 clinical controls with high emotion dysregulatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduced auditory perception and brain response with quiet TMS coil.

Journal Article Brain Stimul · 2024 BACKGROUND: Electromagnetic forces in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils generate a loud clicking sound that produces confounding auditory activation and is potentially hazardous to hearing. To reduce this noise while maintaining stimulation eff ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Transcranial magnetic stimulation: the road to clinical therapy for dystonia

Journal Article Dystonia · August 16, 2023 Despite many research studies, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is not yet an FDA-approved clinical therapy for dystonia patients. This review describes the four major challenges that have historically hindered the clinical translation of TM ... Full text Open Access Cite

Suitability of Automated Writing Measures for Clinical Trial Outcome in Writer's Cramp.

Journal Article Mov Disord · January 2023 BACKGROUND: Writer's cramp (WC) dystonia is a rare disease that causes abnormal postures during the writing task. Successful research studies for WC and other forms of dystonia are contingent on identifying sensitive and specific measures that relate to th ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Isolated and combined dystonias: Update.

Journal Article Handb Clin Neurol · 2023 Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder with a unique motor phenomenology that can manifest as an isolated clinical syndrome or combined with other neurological features. This chapter reviews the characteristic features of dystonia phenomenology and t ... Full text Link to item Cite

TAP: targeting and analysis pipeline for optimization and verification of coil placement in transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Journal Article J Neural Eng · April 21, 2022 Objective.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can modulate brain function via an electric field (E-field) induced in a brain region of interest (ROI). The ROI E-field can be computationally maximized and set to match a specific reference using individu ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Designing research studies in writer’s cramp dystonia: an analysis of automated writing measures

Journal Article · 2021 ABSTRACTBackground Writer’s cramp (WC) dystonia presents with abnormal postures during the task of writing and is an ideal dystonia subtype to study disease mechanisms for all forms of focal dystonia. Development of novel therapies is co ... Full text Cite

TAP: Targeting and analysis pipeline for optimization and verification of coil placement in transcranial magnetic stimulation

Journal Article · 2021 Objective Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can modulate brain function via an electric field (E-field) induced in a brain region of interest (ROI). The ROI E-field can be computationally maximized and set to match a specific reference using ... Full text Cite

Functional Brain Networks in Focal Dystonia and their Associations with Dystonic Behavior

Journal Article · 2021 ABSTRACT Multiple neuroimaging studies suggest that dystonia is a network-level brain disorder, but the key networks to target for brain therapy in dystonia remain poorly understood. This study identified impaired functional networks (FNs) in writ ... Full text Cite

Unmasking Proteolytic Activity for Adult Visual Cortex Plasticity by the Removal of Lynx1.

Journal Article J Neurosci · September 16, 2015 UNLABELLED: Experience-dependent cortical plasticity declines with age. At the molecular level, experience-dependent proteolytic activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) becomes restricted in the adult brain if mice are raised in standard cages. Unde ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Axonal regrowth after spinal cord injury via chondroitinase and the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasmin system.

Journal Article J Neurosci · October 19, 2011 Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes permanent debilitation due to the inability of axons to grow through established scars. Both the sugar chains and core proteins of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are inhibitory for neurite regrowth. Chondroitinase ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

tPA-mediated generation of plasmin is catalyzed by the proteoglycan NG2.

Journal Article Glia · January 15, 2008 Paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury is devastating and persistent. One major reason for the inability of the body to heal this type of injury ensues from the local increase of glial cells leading to the formation of a glial scar, and the upregulati ... Full text Link to item Cite

NAAG peptidase inhibition reduces locomotor activity and some stereotypes in the PCP model of schizophrenia via group II mGluR.

Journal Article J Neurochem · May 2004 Phencyclidine (PCP) administration elicits positive and negative symptoms that resemble those of schizophrenia and is widely accepted as a model for the study of this human disorder. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonists have been repor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deletion of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II gene in mice reveals a second enzyme activity that hydrolyzes N-acetylaspartylglutamate.

Journal Article J Neurochem · October 2002 Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII, EC 3.14.17.21) is a membrane-bound enzyme found on the extracellular face ofglia. The gene for this enzyme is designated FOLH1 in humans and Folh1 in mice. This enzyme has been proposed to be responsible for inactivati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Probing the functions of NAAG via NAAG peptidases and MGLUR3

Conference Journal of Neurochemistry · June 2002 We have characterized N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) and found that the peptide inhibits transmitter release by activation of mGluR3 receptors at presynaptic endings. To learn more about the synaptic activity of NAAG, we have synthesized a series ... Full text Cite