Paul S. Manos | Scholars@Duke

Paul S. Manos
Professor in the Department of Biology

My research emphasizes woody plants, especially the systematics of Fagaceae (the oak family), Juglandaceae (the walnut family), and related wind-pollinated families of flowering plants (Fagales). Our lab uses DNA sequences to generate hypotheses of phylogenetic relationship for inferring morphological character evolution, analyzing patterns of biogeography, and testing species concepts. Students and postdocs have studied the systematics and diversification of the following angiosperm families: Acanthaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Zingiberaceae, Rhamnaceae, Montiaceae, Humiriaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Piperaceae, and Dilleniaceae. Current research interests involve a range of evolutionary and ecological questions within the Fagaceae. For example, we have reinterpreted cupule evolution in the Fagaceae and calibrated the phylogeny for the American clades of Quercus. Ongoing collaborations with Andrew Hipp, John McVay, Andy Crowl, Antonio González-Rodríguez, and Jeannine Cavender-Bares seek to integrate phylogenetic data with phenotypic traits and functional genes to explain species distributions and to better understand the adaptive nature of introgression in the oaks. Other research interests include the phylogeography of eastern North American woody plants and the development of a research network for the southeastern flora.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor in the Department of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2010
Chair of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2017

Contact Information

330 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708-0338
pmanos@duke.edu (919) 660-7358

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Cornell University 1992
- M.S., Rutgers University 1986
- B.A., Drew University 1982
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Chair of the Department of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2013 - 2016
- Director of Undergraduate Studies, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2009 - 2013
- Associate Professor of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2002 - 2010
- Assistant Professor of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2000 - 2002
- Assistant Professor of Botany, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1995 - 2000
- Instructor, Non Tenure Track, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1994 - 1995
Recognition
In the News
- SEP 26, 2017 Science magazine
  
  One of the world’s most popular trees arose near the Arctic Circle
- MAY 26, 2015 Yale Environment 360
  
  Many trees in Southeast U.S. closely related to tree species in Asia
- MAY 20, 2015
  
  Study Reveals How Eastern U.S. Forests Came to Be
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Teaching
  - Australia (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Collaborative Research: Automated and Community-driven Synthesis of the Tree of Life awarded by National Science Foundation 2012 - 2018
- Collaborative Research: Phylogeny of the New World Oaks: Diversification of an Ecologically awarded by National Science Foundation 2012 - 2016
- DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Edaphic factors in the diversification of Ceanothus L., subgenus Cerastes (Rhamnaceae) awarded by National Science Foundation 2008 - 2010
- DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Invasion dynamics of the parasitic plant, Epifagus virginiana awarded by National Science Foundation 2006 - 2010
- Macroevolutionary analysis of Fagaceae: A study of the pattern and process of woody plant diversification awarded by National Science Foundation 2005 - 2010
- DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Systematics and Pollinator Transitions in the Species-rich Genus Ruellia (Acanthaceae) awarded by National Science Foundation 2006 - 2008
- REU Site: Bioinformatic and Phylogenetic approaches to the study of plant and fungal biodiversity awarded by National Science Foundation 2004 - 2007
- DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Mating System Diversity in Boerhavia (Nyctaginaceae) awarded by National Science Foundation 2003 - 2006
- The phylogenetic biology of the paleotropical tree genus Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) awarded by National Science Foundation 2001 - 2005
- Rates of range expansion in eastern trees based on molecular and fossil records. awarded by National Science Foundation 2001 - 2005
- Coastal Estuaries Under Climate Change awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 2004 - 2005
- Doctoral Dissertation: Evolution of Floral Pattern Formation in Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae) awarded by National Science Foundation 2001 - 2004
- Doctoral Dissertation: Forest Response to Climate Change: Integrating seed dispersal models and molecular awarded by National Science Foundation 2000 - 2002
- Doctoral Dissertation: Systematics and Floral Morphology Evolution in the Genus Piper (Piperaceae) awarded by National Science Foundation 1999 - 2001
- (97-0459) A Morphological and Molecular Investigation of Castaneoid Evolution awarded by National Science Foundation 1997 - 2001
- Doctoral Dissertation: Phylogenetic Relationships in the Cistaceae (Rock Roses): Insight into the Evolution of .... awarded by National Science Foundation 1999 - 2001
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Crowl, Andrew A., Paul S. Manos, John D. McVay, Alan R. Lemmon, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, and Andrew L. Hipp. “Uncovering the genomic signature of ancient introgression between white oak lineages (Quercus)..” The New Phytologist, April 8, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15842.
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  - Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Shan Kothari, José Eduardo Meireles, Matthew A. Kaproth, Paul S. Manos, and Andrew L. Hipp. “The role of diversification in community assembly of the oaks (Quercus L.) across the continental U.S..” American Journal of Botany 105, no. 3 (March 2018): 565–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1049.
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  - Harnik, Paul G., Hafiz Maherali, Joshua H. Miller, and Paul S. Manos. “Geographic range velocity and its association with phylogeny and life history traits in North American woody plants..” Ecology and Evolution 8, no. 5 (March 2018): 2632–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3880.
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  - Meireles, José Eduardo, and Paul S. Manos. “Pervasive migration across rainforest and sandy coastal plain Aechmea nudicaulis (Bromeliaceae) populations despite contrasting environmental conditions..” Molecular Ecology 27, no. 5 (March 2018): 1261–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14512.
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  - Deng, Min, Xiao-Long Jiang, Andrew L. Hipp, Paul S. Manos, and Marlene Hahn. “Phylogeny and biogeography of East Asian evergreen oaks (Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis; Fagaceae): Insights into the Cenozoic history of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical Asia..” Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 119 (February 2018): 170–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.003.
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  - Hipp, Andrew L., Paul S. Manos, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Marlene Hahn, Matthew Kaproth, John D. McVay, Susana Valencia Avalos, and Jeannine Cavender-Bares. “Sympatric parallel diversification of major oak clades in the Americas and the origins of Mexican species diversity..” The New Phytologist 217, no. 1 (January 2018): 439–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14773.
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  - Hauser, Duncan A., Al Keuter, John D. McVay, Andrew L. Hipp, and Paul S. Manos. “The evolution and diversification of the red oaks of the California Floristic Province (Quercus section Lobatae, series Agrifoliae)..” American Journal of Botany 104, no. 10 (October 2017): 1581–95. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700291.
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  - Fitz-Gibbon, Sorel, Andrew L. Hipp, Kasey K. Pham, Paul S. Manos, and Victoria L. Sork. “Phylogenomic inferences from reference-mapped and de novo assembled short-read sequence data using RADseq sequencing of California white oaks (Quercus section Quercus)..” Genome 60, no. 9 (September 2017): 743–55. https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0202.
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  - McVay, John D., Duncan Hauser, Andrew L. Hipp, and Paul S. Manos. “Phylogenomics reveals a complex evolutionary history of lobed-leaf white oaks in western North America..” Genome 60, no. 9 (September 2017): 733–42. https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0206.
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  - Pham, Kasey K., Andrew L. Hipp, Paul S. Manos, and Richard C. Cronn. “A time and a place for everything: phylogenetic history and geography as joint predictors of oak plastome phylogeny..” Genome 60, no. 9 (September 2017): 720–32. https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0191.
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  - McVay, John D., Andrew L. Hipp, and Paul S. Manos. “A genetic legacy of introgression confounds phylogeny and biogeography in oaks..” Proceedings. Biological Sciences 284, no. 1854 (May 2017). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0300.
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  - Yu, Yan, Qiuyun Xiang, Paul S. Manos, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Bao-Hua Song, Shifeng Cheng, Xin Liu, and Gane Wong. “Whole-genome duplication and molecular evolution in Cornus L. (Cornaceae) - Insights from transcriptome sequences..” Plos One 12, no. 2 (January 2017). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171361.
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  - Johnson, M. G., K. Lang, P. Manos, G. H. Golet, and K. A. Schierenbeck. “Evidence for genetic erosion of a California native tree, Platanus racemosa, via recent, ongoing introgressive hybridization with an introduced ornamental species.” Conservation Genetics 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-015-0808-z.
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  - Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Deren A. R. Eaton, Andrew A. L. Hipp, Anne Beulke, and Paul S. Manos. “Phylogeny and biogeography of the American live oaks (Quercus subsection Virentes): a genomic and population genetics approach..” Molecular Ecology 24, no. 14 (July 14, 2015): 3668–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13269.
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  - Manos, Paul S., and José Eduardo Meireles. “Biogeographic analysis of the woody plants of the Southern Appalachians: Implications for the origins of a regional flora..” American Journal of Botany 102, no. 5 (May 20, 2015): 780–804. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400530.
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  - Hipp, Andrew L., Deren A. R. Eaton, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Elisabeth Fitzek, Rick Nipper, and Paul S. Manos. “A framework phylogeny of the American oak clade based on sequenced RAD data..” Plos One 9, no. 4 (January 2014). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093975.
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  - Burge, Dylan O., Robin Hopkins, Yi-Hsin Erica Tsai, and Paul S. Manos. “Limited hybridization across an edaphic disjunction between the gabbro-endemic shrub Ceanothus roderickii (Rhamnaceae) and the soil-generalist Ceanothus cuneatus..” American Journal of Botany 100, no. 9 (September 9, 2013): 1883–95. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200604.
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  - Kremer, A., A. G. Abbott, J. E. Carlson, P. S. Manos, C. Plomion, P. Sisco, M. E. Staton, S. Ueno, and G. G. Vendramin. “Genomics of Fagaceae.” Tree Genetics and Genomes 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 583–610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-012-0498-3.
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  - Burge, D. O., D. M. Erwin, M. B. Islam, J. Kellermann, S. W. Kembel, D. H. Wilken, and P. S. Manos. “Diversification of Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) in the California Floristic province.” International Journal of Plant Sciences 172, no. 9 (November 1, 2011): 1137–64. https://doi.org/10.1086/662028.
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  - Burge, D. O., and P. S. Manos. “Edaphic ecology and genetics of the gabbro-endemic shrub Ceanothus roderickii (Rhamnaceae)..” Madroño 58 (2011): 1–21.
  - Tsai, Yi-Hsin Erica, and Paul S. Manos. “Host density drives the postglacial migration of the tree parasite, Epifagus virginiana..” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, no. 39 (September 14, 2010): 17035–40. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006225107.
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  - Stone, D. E., S. H. Oh, E. A. Tripp, L. E. Ros G, and P. S. Manos. “Natural history, distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and conservation of Central American black walnuts (Juglans sect. Rhysocaryon).” Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 136, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3159/08-RA-036R.1.
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  - Gugger, P. F., J. S. McLachlan, P. S. Manos, and J. S. Clark. “Inferring long-distance dispersal and topographic barriers during post-glacial colonization from the genetic structure of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) in New England.” Journal of Biogeography 35, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1665–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01915.x.
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  - Tripp, Erin A., and Paul S. Manos. “Is floral specialization an evolutionary dead-end? Pollination system transitions in Ruellia (Acanthaceae)..” Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution 62, no. 7 (July 2008): 1712–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00398.x.
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  - Willson, Cynthia J., Paul S. Manos, and Robert B. Jackson. “Hydraulic traits are influenced by phylogenetic history in the drought-resistant, invasive genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae)..” American Journal of Botany 95, no. 3 (March 2008): 299–314. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.95.3.299.
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  - Manos, P. S., C. H. Cannon, and S. H. Oh. “Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the paleoendemic Fagaceae of western North America: recognition of a new genus Notholithocarpus..” Madroño 55 (2008): 181–90.
  - Oh, S-H, and Manos, PS. "Molecular phylogenetics and cupule evolution in Fagaceae as inferred from nuclear CRABS CLAW sequences." Taxon 57, no. 2 (2008): 434-451.
  - Manos, Paul S., Pamela S. Soltis, Douglas E. Soltis, Steven R. Manchester, Sang-Hun Oh, Charles D. Bell, David L. Dilcher, and Donald E. Stone. “Phylogeny of extant and fossil Juglandaceae inferred from the integration of molecular and morphological data sets..” Systematic Biology 56, no. 3 (June 2007): 412–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701408523.
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  - Douglas, Norman A., and Paul S. Manos. “Molecular phylogeny of Nyctaginaceae: taxonomy, biogeography, and characters associated with a radiation of xerophytic genera in North America..” American Journal of Botany 94, no. 5 (May 2007): 856–72. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.5.856.
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  - Douglas, N. A., and P. S. Manos. “Nyctaginaceae phylogeny, classification, and characters associated with a radiation of xerophytic genera in North America.” American Journal of Botany 94 (2007): 856–72.
  - Soltis, Douglas E., Ashley B. Morris, Jason S. McLachlan, Paul S. Manos, and Pamela S. Soltis. “Comparative phylogeography of unglaciated eastern North America..” Molecular Ecology 15, no. 14 (December 2006): 4261–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03061.x.
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  - Feng, Y., S. H. Oh, and P. S. Manos. “Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Platanus as inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA.” Systematic Botany 30, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 786–99. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364405775097851.
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  - Devos, Nicolas, Sang-Hun Oh, Olivier Raspé, Anne-Laure Jacquemart, and Paul S. Manos. “Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence variation and evolution of spotted marsh-orchids (Dactylorhiza maculata group)..” Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36, no. 3 (September 2005): 568–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.014.
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  - McLachlan, J. S., J. S. Clark, and P. S. Manos. “Molecular indicators of tree migration capacity under rapid climate change.” Ecology 86, no. 8 (January 1, 2005): 2088–98. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1036.
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  - Whitson, M., and P. S. Manos. “Untangling Physalis (Solanaceae) from the physaloids: A two-gene phylogeny of the physalinae.” Systematic Botany 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 216–30. https://doi.org/10.1600/0363644053661841.
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  - Miller, Richard E., J Andrew McDonald, and Paul S. Manos. “Systematics of Ipomoea subgenus Quamoclit (Convolvulaceae) based on ITS sequence data and a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis..” American Journal of Botany 91, no. 8 (August 2004): 1208–18. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.8.1208.
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  - Jaramillo, M. A., P. S. Manos, and E. A. Zimmer. “Phylogenetic relationships of the perianthless Piperales: Reconstructing the evolution of floral development.” International Journal of Plant Sciences 165, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 403–16. https://doi.org/10.1086/382803.
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  - Li, R. Q., Z. D. Chen, A. M. Lu, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis, and P. S. Manos. “Phylogenetic relationships in Fagales based on DNA sequences from three genomes.” International Journal of Plant Sciences 165, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 311–24. https://doi.org/10.1086/381920.
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  - Williams, K. J., W. J. Kress, and P. S. Manos. “Appendages do matter: the phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the genus Globba and tribe Globbeae (Zingiberaceae).” American Journal of Botany 91 (2004): 100–114.
  - Williams, Kyle J., W John Kress, and Paul S. Manos. “The phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the genus Globba and tribe Globbeae (Zingiberaceae): appendages do matter..” American Journal of Botany 91, no. 1 (January 2004): 100–114. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.1.100.
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  - McDowell, T., M. Volovsek, and P. Manos. “Biogeography of Exostema (Rubiaceae) in the Caribbean region in light of molecular phylogenetic analyses.” Systematic Botany 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 431–41.
  - Cannon, C. H., and P. S. Manos. “Phylogeography of the Southeast Asian stone oaks (Lithocarpus).” Journal of Biogeography 30, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 211–26. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00829.x.
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  - Miller, Richard E., Thomas R. Buckley, and Paul S. Manos. “An examination of the monophyly of morning glory taxa using Bayesian phylogenetic inference..” Systematic Biology 51, no. 5 (October 2002): 740–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150290102401.
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  - Miller, R. E., T. R. Buckley, and P. S. Manos. “Application of Baysian phylogenetic inference to the systematics of morning glories.” Systematic Biology 51 (2002): 740–53.
  - Cannon, C. H., and P. S. Manos. “Combining and comparing morphometric shape descriptors with a molecular phylogeny: the case of fruit type evolution in Bornean Lithocarpus (Fagaceae)..” Systematic Biology 50, no. 6 (November 2001): 860–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/106351501753462849.
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  - Manos, P. S., R. E. Miller, and P. Wilkin. “Phylogenetic analysis of Ipomoea, Argyreia, Stictocardia, and Turbina suggests a generalized model of morphological evolution in morning glories.” Systematic Botany 26, no. 3 (October 11, 2001): 585–602.
  - Jaramillo, M. A., and P. S. Manos. “Phylogeny and patterns of floral diversity in the genus Piper (Piperaceae)..” American Journal of Botany 88, no. 4 (April 2001): 706–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657072.
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  - Krellwltz, E. C., K. V. Kowallik, and P. S. Manos. “Molecular and morphological analyses of Bryopsis (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from the western North Atlantic and Caribbean.” Phycologia 40, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 330–39.
  - Manos, P. S., Z. K. Zhou, and C. H. Cannon. “Systematics of Fagaceae: Phylogenetic tests of reproductive trait evolution.” International Journal of Plant Sciences 162, no. 6 (January 1, 2001): 1361–79. https://doi.org/10.1086/322949.
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  - Manos, P. S., and A. M. Stanford. “The biogeography of Fagaceae: tracking the Tertiary history of temperate and subtropical forests of the Northern Hemisphere.” International Journal of Plant Sciences 162 (2001): S77–93.
  - Manos, P. S., and A. M. Stanford. “The historical biogeography of Fagaceae: Tracking the tertiary history of temperate and subtropical forests of the Northern Hemisphere.” International Journal of Plant Sciences 162, no. 6 SUPPL. (January 1, 2001).
  - Manos, P. S., and D. E. Stone. “Evolution, phylogeny, and systematics of the Juglandaceae.” Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 88, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 231–69. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666226.
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  - Manos, P. S., and M. J. Donoghue. “Progress in Northern Hemisphere phytogeography: An introduction.” International Journal of Plant Sciences 162, no. 6 SUPPL. (January 1, 2001).
  - Cannon, C. H., and P. S. Manos. “The Bornean Lithocarpus Bl. section Synaedrys (Lindl.) Barnett (Fagaceae): Its circumscription and description of a new species.” Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 343–57. https://doi.org/10.1006/bojl.1999.0325.
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  - Manos, P. S., J. J. Doyle, and K. C. Nixon. “Phylogeny, biogeography, and processes of molecular differentiation in Quercus subgenus Quercus (Fagaceae)..” Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 12, no. 3 (August 1999): 333–49. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0614.
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  - Miller, R. E., M. D. Rausher, and P. S. Manos. “Phylogenetic systematics of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) based on ITS and Waxy sequences.” Systematic Botany 24, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 209–27. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419549.
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  - Manos, P., and K. Steele. “Phylogenetic analyses of "higher" Hamamelididae based on plastid sequence data..” American Journal of Botany 84, no. 10 (October 1997). https://doi.org/10.2307/2446139.
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  - Manos, P. “Systematics of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) based on rDNA spacer sequences (ITS): taxonomic congruence with morphology and plastid sequences..” American Journal of Botany 84, no. 8 (August 1997). https://doi.org/10.2307/2446156.
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Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
- BIOLOGY 207: Organismal Evolution 2019
- BIOLOGY 341L: Plant Communities of North Carolina 2019
- BIOLOGY 712S: Plant Systematics Seminar 2019
- BIOLOGY 791T: Tutorial 2019
- BIOLOGY 293: Research Independent Study 2018
- BIOLOGY 493: Research Independent Study 2018
- BIOLOGY 792: Research 2017
Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
Presentations & Appearances
Outreach & Engaged Scholarship
Service to the Profession
- Board of Directors, Highlands Biological Station. 2013 2013

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Education, Training, & Certifications

Duke Appointment History

In the News

Global Scholarship

Teaching

Selected Grants

Selected Publications

Academic Articles

Recent Courses

Presentations & Appearances

Outreach & Engaged Scholarship

Service to the Profession