Robert Santrock

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · 2025 This prospective, multicenter study assessed the radiographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes for hallux valgus (HV) correction performed with an instrumented 1st tarsometatarsal (TMT) system through a mini-open incision (≤4cm) with a biplanar pla ... Full text Link to item Cite

Four-year outcomes following triplanar tarsometatarsal arthrodesis with early weightbearing for Hallux Valgus: A multicenter prospective study

Journal Article Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery · January 1, 2025 Background: Traditional hallux valgus surgery has been focused on two-dimensional repair with high reported recurrence rates. Purpose: We report the 4-year interim analysis of a prospective, 5-year, multicenter study of radiographic, clinical, and patient- ... Full text Cite

The Triplanar Hallux Abducto Valgus Classification System: Is it Valid?

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · 2024 Historically, 2-dimensional radiographic study techniques have been used to classify deformity and guide treatment of hallux valgus deformities in the transverse plane. Recently, a triplanar hallux abducto valgus classification system was proposed. The key ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Simplified Preoperative Radiographic Assessment for Metatarsus Adductus Associated With Hallux Valgus

Journal Article Foot and Ankle Specialist · January 1, 2024 Radiographic measurements for the assessment of metatarsus adductus (MTA) have a broad range of interpretation without a consensus regarding surgical indications. The “Plumbline” (PL) radiographic assessment method helps identify MTA and determines if phys ... Full text Cite

One- and Two-Year Analysis of a Five-Year Prospective Multicenter Study Assessing Radiographic and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Triplanar First Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis With Early Weightbearing for Symptomatic Hallux Valgus.

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · 2022 We report one- and 2-year results of a prospective, 5-year, multicenter study of radiographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes following triplanar first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis with early weightbearing. One-hundred and seventeen patients were i ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Triplanar Hallux Abducto Valgus Classification System: Is it Valid?

Journal Article Foot and Ankle Orthopaedics · January 1, 2022 Full text Cite

INBONE 2 total ankle replacement system including prophecy specific alignment guides

Chapter · June 1, 2021 Treatment of degenerative joint disease of the ankle has experienced a renaissance in the past decade as total ankle replacement has become a predictable alternative to ankle fusion for end-stage disease. There are several total ankle replacement systems o ... Full text Cite

Triplanar Correction for First Metatarsophalangeal Fusion.

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · 2021 Successful deformity correction utilizing first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) fusion for hallux valgus with concomitant degenerative changes of the first MTP joint is well documented. Currently, there is limited discussion in the literature focusing on triplan ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Systematic Approach to the Surgical Correction of Combined Hallux Valgus and Metatarsus Adductus Deformities.

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · 2021 The presence of metatarsus adductus (MTA) adds complexity to the diagnosis and treatment of hallux valgus (HV). Identification and careful analysis of these combined deformities is of paramount importance. The inability to completely correct HV and an incr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of Shortening and Elevation of the First Ray With Instrumented Triplane First Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis

Journal Article Foot and Ankle Orthopaedics · January 1, 2020 Background: The Lapidus procedure using planar saw resection has often been criticized for complications related to excessive shortening and elevation of the first ray. The goal of this study was to assess the amount of shortening that occurs when using a ... Full text Cite

Effect on Foot Width With Triplanar Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis for Hallux Valgus

Journal Article Foot and Ankle Orthopaedics · January 1, 2020 Background: Foot width reduction is a desirable cosmetic and functional outcome for patients with hallux valgus. Triplanar first tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthrodesis could achieve this goal by 3-dimensional correction of the deformity. The aim of this study w ... Full text Cite

Unipolar Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Ankle for Posttraumatic Tibial Necrosis: A Case Report.

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · November 2019 We present the case of a 31-year-old male with debilitating post-traumatic arthritis of the ankle secondary to osteonecrosis of the tibial plafond. He was treated with a custom-cut tibial osteochondral allograft transplantation. At 1-year follow-up, radiog ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter Early Radiographic Outcomes of Triplanar Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis With Early Weightbearing.

Journal Article Foot Ankle Int · August 2019 BACKGROUND: Hallux valgus is a multiplanar deformity of the first ray. Traditional correction methods prioritize the transverse plane, a potential factor resulting in high recurrence rates. Triplanar first tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthrodesis uses a multiplan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Progression of Healing on Serial Radiographs Following First Ray Arthrodesis in the Foot Using a Biplanar Plating Technique Without Compression.

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · May 2019 A review of 195 first ray arthrodeses fixated with a twin-plate biplanar construct, without interfragmentary compression, is presented. This fixation construct was evaluated in a consecutive cohort of patients undergoing first metatarsophalangeal joint (MT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hallux Valgus

Journal Article Foot and Ankle Orthopaedics · January 1, 2019 Hallux valgus is a common condition that results from a complex positional deformity of the first ray. The bunion or medial prominence that results from the lateral deviation and pronation of the hallux is only one component of the 3-dimensional deformity. ... Full text Cite

Amputations

Chapter · January 1, 2019 The primary goal of amputation surgery is to preserve anatomy and maximize the function of the residual limb while minimizing potential future complications. This chapter will begin with the standard below-the-knee amputation (BKA) and follow through with ... Full text Cite

Preoperative Considerations, Surgical Planning, and Postoperative Protocols

Chapter · January 1, 2019 Surgery on the foot and ankle has tremendous potential benefits. However, there are great risks as well. As with any risk-benefit situation, the risks should be minimized where possible. In the elective foot and ankle practice, there are a few risks that n ... Full text Cite

Hallux Valgus Deformity and Treatment: A Three-Dimensional Approach: Modified Technique for Lapidus Procedure.

Journal Article Foot Ankle Clin · June 2018 In a hallux valgus deformity, the problem is deviation of the hallux at the metatarsophalangeal joint and of the first metatarsal at the tarsometatarsal joint. Although anterior-posterior radiograph findings have been prioritized, deviation in the other pl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Triplane Hallux Abducto Valgus Classification.

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · 2018 One of the most common procedures performed in the foot and ankle is correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity or "bunion surgery." Most foot and ankle surgeons recognize the challenges associated with defining each patient's individual deformity and s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomechanical Characteristics of Biplane Multiplanar Tension-Side Fixation for Lapidus Fusion.

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · 2018 Although plating on the plantar, tension-side of the metatarsocuneiform joint provides an inherent biomechanical advantage for Lapidus arthrodesis, it has not been widely adopted owing to the morbidity associated with plantar application. To overcome these ... Full text Link to item Cite

Understanding Frontal Plane Correction in Hallux Valgus Repair.

Journal Article Clin Podiatr Med Surg · January 2018 Hallux-abducto-valgus or "bunion" surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures for the foot and ankle specialist. As our understanding of the hallux-abducto-valgus deformity has grown, it is becoming clear that the anatomic CORA of the deformity m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Posterior Tibialis Tendon Rupture in a Closed Bimalleolar-Equivalent Ankle Fracture: Case Report.

Journal Article Foot Ankle Spec · December 2017 UNLABELLED: Ankle fractures with an associated posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) rupture are rare injuries and have only been described in a number of case reports. These prior reports include patients that had an open fracture and/or an associated medial ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tarsal-metatarsal joint arthrodesis

Chapter · September 7, 2017 Full text Cite

Acute Rupture Open Repair Techniques.

Journal Article Clin Podiatr Med Surg · April 2017 Achilles tendon injuries can be serious injuries requiring either operative or nonoperative management. For appropriate surgical candidates, operative intervention may provide lower rerupture rates and adequate end-to-end tendon healing. Our preference is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Accuracy and Reproducibility Using Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

Journal Article Foot Ankle Int · April 2017 BACKGROUND: Implant survivorship is dependent on accuracy of implantation and successful soft tissue balancing. System instrumentation for total ankle arthroplasty implantation has a key influence on surgeon accuracy and reproducibility. The purpose of thi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraoperative Mulitplanar Alignment System to Guide Triplanar Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity

Journal Article Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery · January 1, 2017 Hallux valgus surgery or "bunion surgery" is one of the most common surgical procedures for the foot and ankle surgeon. As we continue to gain understanding of this complex deformity, it has become clear that our understanding may be incomplete. The Lapidu ... Full text Cite

Plantar Fasciitis

Chapter · January 1, 2017 Plantar fasciitis is a painful and debilitating disease that accounts for 80% of patients with heel pain. As a degenerative process that involves the plantar fascia, it often results from chronic overuse and repetitive trauma. The diagnosis is typically ba ... Full text Cite

Comparison of the Mechanical Characteristics of a Universal Small Biplane Plating Technique Without Compression Screw and Single Anatomic Plate With Compression Screw.

Journal Article J Foot Ankle Surg · 2016 To better understand the mechanical characteristics of biplane locked plating in small bone fixation, the present study compared the stability under cyclic cantilever loading of a 2-plate locked biplane (BPP) construct without interfragmentary compression ... Full text Link to item Cite

Economic impact of syndesmosis hardware removal.

Journal Article Foot (Edinb) · September 2015 Ankle syndesmosis injuries are commonly seen with 5-10% of sprains and 10% of ankle fractures involving injury to the ankle syndesmosis. Anatomic reduction has been shown to be the most important predictor of clinical outcomes. Optimal surgical management ... Full text Link to item Cite

Topical Review: Use of Fetal Tissue in Foot and Ankle Surgery.

Journal Article Foot Ankle Spec · August 2015 UNLABELLED: Fetal tissues are well known for their therapeutic potential. They contain numerous growth factors, cytokines, and matrix components that promote regeneration of tissues while downregulating inflammation and scar formation. As a result, use of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Total ankle arthroplasty with severe preoperative varus deformity.

Journal Article Orthopedics · April 2015 Advancements in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) over the past several decades have led to improved patient outcomes and implant survivorship. Despite these innovations, many implant manufacturers still consider a preoperative coronal plane deformity greater ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cryopreserved human amniotic membrane injection for plantar fasciitis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study.

Journal Article Foot Ankle Int · February 2015 BACKGROUND: Treatment options for plantar fasciitis have resulted in varied patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare a novel treatment, cryopreserved human amniotic membrane (c-hAM), to a traditional treatment, corticosteroid. Our hypothesis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Dorsal Plate Positioning on Dorsiflexion Angle in Arthrodesis of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint: A Cadaveric Study.

Journal Article Foot Ankle Int · August 2014 BACKGROUND: The relationship between dorsal plate positioning and final dorsiflexion angle after first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint fusion has not been well established. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in dorsal plate p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Complete encasement of the peroneal tendons by the peroneal tubercle.

Journal Article Orthopedics · July 2014 The peroneal tubercle is an osseous structure on the lateral side of the calcaneus present in 90% of individuals. Hypertrophy of the peroneal tubercle resulting in stenosing peroneal tenosynovitis has been well described in the literature. Repair of this c ... Full text Link to item Cite

A historical review of common bone graft materials in foot and ankle surgery.

Journal Article Foot Ankle Spec · April 2014 Foot and ankle fusion is an important treatment for arthritis and deformities of the ankle and hindfoot. The literature has shown that there are improvements in fusion rates with the addition of bone graft and bone graft substitutes. Today autografts, spec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ankle fusion stability: a biomechanical comparison of external versus internal fixation.

Journal Article Orthopedics · April 11, 2011 This biomechanical study compares bimalleolar external fixation to conventional crossed-screw construct in terms of stability and compression for ankle arthrodesis. The goals of the study were to determine which construct is more stable with bending and to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis with bimalleolar external fixation

Journal Article Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery · September 1, 2010 Ankle arthrodesis has long been a respectable treatment option for end stage tibiotalar arthrosis in patients that have failed nonoperative treatment. A plethora of techniques for ankle fusion have been described, and arthroscopic ankle fusion has been pro ... Full text Cite

Osteochondral lesions of the talus.

Journal Article Foot Ankle Clin · March 2003 Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) are rare joint disorders. The talus is the third most common location of this disorder, following the knee and elbow joints. OLT represents 4% of all osteochondral lesions in the body. This article discusses the sur ... Full text Link to item Cite

The efficacy of direct current stimulation for lumbar intertransverse process fusions in an animal model.

Journal Article Spine (Phila Pa 1976) · May 1, 2001 STUDY DESIGN: Posterolateral lumbar intertransverse process fusion using a rabbit model with autologous bone graft and direct current stimulation was compared with fusion achieved by using autologous bone graft alone. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship between tympanic membrane perforations and retained ventilation tubes.

Journal Article Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · April 1998 OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of prolonged ventilation tube retention on tympanic membrane healing and the efficacy of patching procedures used concomitantly at the time of tube removal. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Tertiary referral ... Full text Link to item Cite