Journal ArticleRes Sq · March 18, 2024
BACKGROUND: Much effort and resources have been invested to control malaria transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa, but it remains a major public health problem. For the disease to be transmitted from one person to another, the female Anopheles vector must sur ...
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Journal ArticleMethods Ecol Evol · February 2024
Measuring vector-human contact in a natural setting can inform precise targeting of interventions to interrupt transmission of vector-borne diseases. One approach is to directly match human DNA in vector bloodmeals to the individuals who were bitten using ...
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Journal ArticlePLOS Glob Public Health · 2024
ACTs are responsible for a substantial proportion of the global reduction in malaria mortality over the last ten years, made possible by publicly-funded subsidies making these drugs accessible and affordable in the private sector. However, inexpensive ACTs ...
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Journal ArticlePLOS Glob Public Health · 2024
While many studies have characterized mobility patterns and disease dynamics of settled populations, few have focused on more mobile populations. Highly mobile groups are often at higher disease risk due to their regular movement that may increase the vari ...
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Journal ArticlemedRxiv · December 9, 2023
While many studies have characterized mobility patterns and disease dynamics of individuals from settled populations, few have focused on more mobile populations. Highly mobile groups are often at higher disease risk due to their regular movement that may ...
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Journal ArticleEmerg Infect Dis · December 2023
The Anopheles stephensi mosquito is an invasive malaria vector recently reported in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria, and Ghana. The World Health Organization has called on countries in Africa to increase surveillance efforts to detect and repor ...
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Journal ArticleEmerg Infect Dis · November 2023
In urban and rural areas of Turkana County, Kenya, we found that 2% of household members of patients with Plasmodium falciparum infections were infected with P. vivax. Enhanced surveillance of P. vivax and increased clinical resources are needed to inform ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · October 11, 2023
BACKGROUND: Malaria prevalence in Kenya is 6%, with a three-fold higher prevalence in western Kenya. Adherence to malaria treatment guidelines improves care for suspected malaria cases and can reduce unnecessary anti-malarial use. Data on adherence to guid ...
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Journal ArticlemedRxiv · September 15, 2023
ACTs are responsible for a substantial proportion of the global reduction in malaria mortality over the last ten years. These reductions would not have been possible without publicly-funded subsidies making these drugs accessible and affordable in the priv ...
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Journal ArticleBMJ Open · June 26, 2023
OBJECTIVES: Maximising the impact of community-based programmes requires understanding how supply of, and demand for, the intervention interact at the point of delivery. DESIGN: Post-hoc analysis from a large-scale community health worker (CHW) study desig ...
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Journal ArticleBMJ Open · December 6, 2022
OBJECTIVES: To examine how drug shop clients' expenditures are affected by subsidies for malaria diagnostic testing and for malaria treatment, and also to examine how expenditures vary by clients' malaria test result and by the number of medications they p ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Med · October 2022
BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in areas of Africa with endemic malaria transmission are commonly prescribed malaria chemoprevention. Chemoprevention regimens vary between countries, and the comparative efficacy of prevention regimens is ...
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Journal ArticleBMC Public Health · September 6, 2022
BACKGROUND: Low adoption of effective health technologies increases illness morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the case of malaria, effective tools such as malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and artemisinin-combination therapies (ACTs) are both under ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Public Health · 2022
Objective: The objective was to describe the relationship between the location of care, the malaria test result, and the type of medicine consumed for the fever, and to determine whether community-based access to malaria testing reduced polypharmacy. Metho ...
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Journal ArticlePLOS Glob Public Health · 2022
Human movement impacts the spread and transmission of infectious diseases. Recently, a large reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria was identified in a semi-arid region of northwestern Kenya historically considered unsuitable for malaria transmission. ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · October 5, 2021
BACKGROUND: Repeated exposure to malaria infections could protect against symptomatic progression as people develop adaptive immunity to infections acquired over time. METHODS: We investigated how new, recurrent, and persistent Plasmodium falciparum infect ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · September 17, 2021
BACKGROUND: Further reductions in malaria incidence as more countries approach malaria elimination require the identification and treatment of asymptomatic individuals who carry mosquito-infective Plasmodium gametocytes that are responsible for furthering ...
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Journal ArticleSci Rep · August 11, 2021
Each year, > 3 million children die in sub-Saharan Africa before their fifth birthday. Most deaths are preventable or avoidable through interventions delivered in the primary healthcare system. However, evidence regarding the impact of health system charac ...
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Journal ArticleRes Sq · March 18, 2024
BACKGROUND: Much effort and resources have been invested to control malaria transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa, but it remains a major public health problem. For the disease to be transmitted from one person to another, the female Anopheles vector must sur ...
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Journal ArticleMethods Ecol Evol · February 2024
Measuring vector-human contact in a natural setting can inform precise targeting of interventions to interrupt transmission of vector-borne diseases. One approach is to directly match human DNA in vector bloodmeals to the individuals who were bitten using ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticlePLOS Glob Public Health · 2024
ACTs are responsible for a substantial proportion of the global reduction in malaria mortality over the last ten years, made possible by publicly-funded subsidies making these drugs accessible and affordable in the private sector. However, inexpensive ACTs ...
Full textOpen AccessLink to itemCite
Journal ArticlePLOS Glob Public Health · 2024
While many studies have characterized mobility patterns and disease dynamics of settled populations, few have focused on more mobile populations. Highly mobile groups are often at higher disease risk due to their regular movement that may increase the vari ...
Full textOpen AccessLink to itemCite
Journal ArticlemedRxiv · December 9, 2023
While many studies have characterized mobility patterns and disease dynamics of individuals from settled populations, few have focused on more mobile populations. Highly mobile groups are often at higher disease risk due to their regular movement that may ...
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Journal ArticleEmerg Infect Dis · December 2023
The Anopheles stephensi mosquito is an invasive malaria vector recently reported in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria, and Ghana. The World Health Organization has called on countries in Africa to increase surveillance efforts to detect and repor ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleEmerg Infect Dis · November 2023
In urban and rural areas of Turkana County, Kenya, we found that 2% of household members of patients with Plasmodium falciparum infections were infected with P. vivax. Enhanced surveillance of P. vivax and increased clinical resources are needed to inform ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleMalar J · October 11, 2023
BACKGROUND: Malaria prevalence in Kenya is 6%, with a three-fold higher prevalence in western Kenya. Adherence to malaria treatment guidelines improves care for suspected malaria cases and can reduce unnecessary anti-malarial use. Data on adherence to guid ...
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Journal ArticlemedRxiv · September 15, 2023
ACTs are responsible for a substantial proportion of the global reduction in malaria mortality over the last ten years. These reductions would not have been possible without publicly-funded subsidies making these drugs accessible and affordable in the priv ...
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Journal ArticleBMJ Open · June 26, 2023
OBJECTIVES: Maximising the impact of community-based programmes requires understanding how supply of, and demand for, the intervention interact at the point of delivery. DESIGN: Post-hoc analysis from a large-scale community health worker (CHW) study desig ...
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Journal ArticleBMJ Open · December 6, 2022
OBJECTIVES: To examine how drug shop clients' expenditures are affected by subsidies for malaria diagnostic testing and for malaria treatment, and also to examine how expenditures vary by clients' malaria test result and by the number of medications they p ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Med · October 2022
BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in areas of Africa with endemic malaria transmission are commonly prescribed malaria chemoprevention. Chemoprevention regimens vary between countries, and the comparative efficacy of prevention regimens is ...
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Journal ArticleBMC Public Health · September 6, 2022
BACKGROUND: Low adoption of effective health technologies increases illness morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the case of malaria, effective tools such as malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and artemisinin-combination therapies (ACTs) are both under ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Public Health · 2022
Objective: The objective was to describe the relationship between the location of care, the malaria test result, and the type of medicine consumed for the fever, and to determine whether community-based access to malaria testing reduced polypharmacy. Metho ...
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Journal ArticlePLOS Glob Public Health · 2022
Human movement impacts the spread and transmission of infectious diseases. Recently, a large reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria was identified in a semi-arid region of northwestern Kenya historically considered unsuitable for malaria transmission. ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · October 5, 2021
BACKGROUND: Repeated exposure to malaria infections could protect against symptomatic progression as people develop adaptive immunity to infections acquired over time. METHODS: We investigated how new, recurrent, and persistent Plasmodium falciparum infect ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · September 17, 2021
BACKGROUND: Further reductions in malaria incidence as more countries approach malaria elimination require the identification and treatment of asymptomatic individuals who carry mosquito-infective Plasmodium gametocytes that are responsible for furthering ...
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Journal ArticleSci Rep · August 11, 2021
Each year, > 3 million children die in sub-Saharan Africa before their fifth birthday. Most deaths are preventable or avoidable through interventions delivered in the primary healthcare system. However, evidence regarding the impact of health system charac ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Trop Med Hyg · August 2, 2021
In northwestern Kenya, Turkana County has been historically considered unsuitable for stable malaria transmission because of its unfavorable climate and predominantly semi-nomadic population; consequently, it is overlooked during malaria control planning. ...
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Journal ArticleElife · July 23, 2021
BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections are common in sub-Saharan Africa, but their effect on subsequent symptomaticity is incompletely understood. METHODS: In a 29-month cohort of 268 people in Western Kenya, we investigated the associat ...
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Journal ArticleElife · July 14, 2021
BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2018, an estimated 228 million malaria cases occurred worldwide with most cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Scale-up of vector control tools coupled with increased access to diagnosis an ...
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Journal ArticleReview of Development Economics · February 1, 2021
In malaria-endemic countries about a quarter of test-negative individuals take antimalarials (artemisinin-based combination therapies [ACTs]). ACT overuse depletes scarce resources for subsidies and contributes to parasite resistance. As part of an experim ...
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Journal ArticleImplement Sci · January 20, 2021
BACKGROUND: A large proportion of artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) anti-malarial medicines is consumed by individuals that do not have malaria. The over-consumption of ACTs is largely driven by retail sales in high malaria-endemic countries to clients ...
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Journal ArticleBMJ Glob Health · November 2020
INTRODUCTION: In many malaria-endemic countries, the private retail sector is a major source of antimalarial drugs. However, the rarity of malaria diagnostic testing in the retail sector leads to overuse of the first-line class of antimalarial drugs known ...
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Journal ArticleHealth Policy Plan · June 1, 2020
A major puzzle in malaria treatment remains the dual problem of underuse and overuse of malaria medications, which deplete scarce public resources used for subsidies and lead to drug resistance. One explanation is that health behaviour, especially in the c ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · March 16, 2020
BACKGROUND: Malaria morbidity is highly overdispersed in the population. Fine-scale differences in mosquito exposure may partially explain this heterogeneity in individual malaria outcomes. METHODS: In 38 households we explored the effect of household-leve ...
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Journal ArticleSoc Sci Med · February 2020
Motivating community health workers (CHWs), many of whom are volunteers, is important for the sustainability of integrated community case management programs. Given the limited budgets of many of these programs, and the increasingly important role played b ...
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Journal ArticleNat Commun · December 9, 2019
Novel interventions that leverage the heterogeneity of parasite transmission are needed to achieve malaria elimination. To better understand spatial and temporal dynamics of transmission, we applied amplicon next-generation sequencing of two polymorphic ge ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Trop Med Hyg · December 2019
Community-based active case detection of malaria parasites with conventional rapid diagnostic tests (cRDTs) is a strategy used most commonly in low-transmission settings. We estimated the sensitivity of this approach in a high-transmission setting in Weste ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Med · July 2018
BACKGROUND: More than half of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) consumed globally are dispensed in the retail sector, where diagnostic testing is uncommon, leading to overconsumption and poor targeting. In many malaria-endemic countries, ACTs sold o ...
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Journal ArticleSci Rep · January 12, 2018
Malaria hotspots, defined as areas where transmission intensity exceeds the average level, become more pronounced as transmission declines. Targeting hotspots may accelerate reductions in transmission and could be pivotal for malaria elimination. Determina ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2018
BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) play an important role in improving access to services in areas with limited health infrastructure or workforce. Supervision of CHWs by qualified health professionals is the main link between this lay workforce a ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Med · November 2017
This paper summarises key advances in defining the infectious reservoir for malaria and the measurement of transmission for research and programmatic use since the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) publication in 2011. Rapid and effective progre ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · August 22, 2017
BACKGROUND: Although use of malaria diagnostic tests has increased in recent years, health workers often prescribe anti-malarial drugs to individuals who test negative for malaria. This study investigates how health worker adherence to malaria case managem ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · August 2, 2017
BACKGROUND: Measurements of anti-malarial antibodies are increasingly used as a proxy of transmission intensity. Most serological surveys are based on the use of cross-sectional data that, when age-stratified, approximates historical patterns of transmissi ...
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Journal ArticleBMC Public Health · May 18, 2017
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends parasitological confirmation of malaria prior to treatment. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) represent one diagnostic method that is used in a variety of contexts to overcome limitations of other di ...
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Journal ArticleBMJ Open · March 20, 2017
INTRODUCTION: There are concerns of inappropriate use of subsidised antimalarials due to the large number of fevers treated in the informal sector with minimal access to diagnostic testing. Targeting antimalarial subsidies to confirmed malaria cases can le ...
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Journal ArticleSci Rep · March 14, 2017
Globally, the majority of childhood deaths in the post-neonatal period are caused by infections that can be effectively treated or prevented with inexpensive interventions delivered through even very basic health facilities. To understand the role of inade ...
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Journal ArticleTrends Parasitol · February 2017
Although the burden of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is gradually declining in many parts of Africa, it is characterized by spatial and temporal variability that presents new and evolving challenges for malaria control programs. Reductions in the malaria b ...
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Journal ArticleSci Rep · January 24, 2017
Large-scale molecular epidemiologic studies of Plasmodium falciparum parasites have provided insights into parasite biology and transmission, can identify the spread of drug resistance, and are useful in assessing vaccine targets. The polyclonal nature inf ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 2017
The need to expand malaria diagnosis capabilities alongside policy requirements for mandatory testing before treatment motivates exploration of noninvasive rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). We report the outcome of the first cross-sectional, single-blind clin ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2017
INTRODUCTION: The clinical features of UTI in young children may not localize to the urinary tract and closely resemble other febrile illnesses. In malaria endemic areas, a child presenting with fever is often treated presumptively for malaria without inve ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Cardiol · November 15, 2016
INTRODUCTION: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying high risk populations and geographic patterns of disease is crucial to developing RHD prevention and screening strategies in ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · November 8, 2016
BACKGROUND: Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) have been shown to be efficacious in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality in many regions. Unfortunately in some areas, malaria has persisted despite the scale up of ITNs. Recent reports indicate that huma ...
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Journal ArticleEmerg Infect Dis · May 2016
To increase knowledge of undifferentiated fevers in Kenya, we tested paired serum samples from febrile children in western Kenya for antibodies against pathogens increasingly recognized to cause febrile illness in Africa. Of patients assessed, 8.9%, 22.4%, ...
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Journal ArticleBMJ Glob Health · 2016
OBJECTIVES: There is an urgent need to understand how to improve targeting of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) to patients with confirmed malaria infection, including subsidised ACTs sold over-the-counter. We hypothesised that offering an antimalarial ...
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Journal ArticleBMC Med · October 16, 2015
BACKGROUND: Inappropriate treatment of non-malaria fevers with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is a growing concern, particularly in light of emerging artemisinin resistance, but it is a behavior that has proven difficult to change. Pay for ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Comput Biol · July 2015
Simple spatial interaction models of human mobility based on physical laws have been used extensively in the social, biological, and physical sciences, and in the study of the human dynamics underlying the spread of disease. Recent analyses of commuting pa ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Trop Med Hyg · May 2015
In Kenya, more than 10 million episodes of acute febrile illness are treated annually among children under 5 years. Most are clinically managed as malaria without parasitological confirmation. There is an unmet need to describe pathogen-specific etiologies ...
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Journal ArticleEpidemiology · March 2015
BACKGROUND: Poor physical access to health facilities has been identified as an important contributor to reduced uptake of preventive health services and is likely to be most critical in low-income settings. However, the relation among physical access, tra ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2015
BACKGROUND: Insecticide-treated nets are the cornerstone of global malaria control and have been shown to reduce malaria morbidity by 50-60%. However, some areas are experiencing a resurgence in malaria following successful control. We describe an efficacy ...
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Journal ArticlePublic Health · November 2014
OBJECTIVES: The impact of effective, life-saving health interventions is limited by access to and use of health services. Health seeking behaviour is likely to vary geographically and by type of health concern. However, little is known about the extent of ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Trop Med Hyg · September 2014
Microscopic diagnosis of malaria is a well-established and inexpensive technique that has the potential to provide accurate diagnosis of malaria infection. However, it requires both training and experience. Although it is considered the gold standard in re ...
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Journal ArticleBMC Health Serv Res · May 10, 2014
BACKGROUND: Maternal health service coverage in Kenya remains low, especially in rural areas where 63% of women deliver at home, mainly because health facilities are too far away and/or they lack transport. The objectives of the present study were to (1) d ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Health Geogr · December 7, 2013
BACKGROUND: The majority of maternal deaths, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths are concentrated in a few countries, many of which have weak health systems, poor access to health services, and low coverage of key health interventions. Early and consistent an ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · June 5, 2013
BACKGROUND: Households in sub-Saharan Africa are highly reliant on the retail sector for obtaining treatment for malaria fevers and other illnesses. As donors and governments seek to promote the use of artemisinin combination therapy in malaria-endemic are ...
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Journal ArticleImplement Sci · May 8, 2013
BACKGROUND: In high-resource settings, 'pay-for-performance' (P4P) programs have generated interest as a potential mechanism to improve health service delivery and accountability. However, there has been little or no experimental evidence to guide the deve ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2013
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on malaria among hospitalized children in malaria endemic areas. We determined the prevalence, presentation and treatment outcomes of malaria and anemia among children in two hospitals in Rakai, Uganda. METHODS: Child ...
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Journal ArticleJ Trop Med · 2013
Background. The intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are globally endemic, and they constitute the greatest cause of illness and disease worldwide. Transmission of IPIs occurs as a result of inadequate sanitation, inaccessibility to potable water, and po ...
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Journal ArticleMalar Res Treat · 2013
Background. The common symptoms of malaria reduce the specificity of clinical diagnosis. Presumptive treatment is conventional but can lead to overdiagnosis of malaria, delay of appropriate treatment, overprescription of antimalarials, and drug resistance. ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · August 6, 2012
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Kenya, where it is the fifth leading cause of death in both children and adults. Effectively managing malaria is dependent upon appropriate treatment. In Kenya, between 17 to 83 percent of ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · March 6, 2012
WHO estimates that 80% of mortality due to malaria occurs among infants and young children. Though it has long been established that malaria disproportionately affects children under age five, our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms for t ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · October 26, 2011
BACKGROUND: Poor access to prompt and effective treatment for malaria contributes to high mortality and severe morbidity. In Kenya, it is estimated that only 12% of children receive anti-malarials for their fever within 24 hours. The first point of care fo ...
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Journal ArticleHealth Policy · March 2011
Health systems reform processes have increasingly recognized the essential contribution of communities to the success of health programs and development activities in general. Here we examine the experience from Kilifi district in Kenya of implementing ann ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2011
Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are one of the most important and cost-effective tools for malaria control. Maximizing individual and community benefit from ITNs requires high population-based coverage. Several mechanisms are used to distribute ITNs, inclu ...
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Journal ArticleLancet Infect Dis · August 2010
The burden of malaria in countries in sub-Saharan Africa has declined with scaling up of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. To assess the contribution of specific malaria interventions and other general factors in bringing about these changes, we review ...
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Journal ArticleParasite Immunol · September 2009
A recent working group convened by the World Health Organization recommended that time to first or only episode of clinical malaria should be used to evaluate vaccine efficacy in phase III trials. However, calculating vaccine efficacy based on this endpoin ...
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Journal ArticleTrop Med Int Health · January 2009
OBJECTIVES: Primary care facilities are increasingly becoming the focal point for distribution of malaria intervention strategies, but physical access to these facilities may limit the extent to which communities can be reached. To investigate the impact o ...
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Journal ArticleLancet · November 1, 2008
BACKGROUND: As efforts to control malaria are expanded across the world, understanding the role of transmission intensity in determining the burden of clinical malaria is crucial to the prediction and measurement of the effectiveness of interventions to re ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Trop Med Hyg · August 2008
The relationship between malaria transmission intensity and clinical disease is important for predicting the outcome of control measures that reduce transmission. Comparisons of hospital data between areas of differing transmission intensity suggest that t ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · January 28, 2008
BACKGROUND: Malaria microscopy remains the reference standard for malaria diagnosis in clinical trials (drug and vaccine), new diagnostic evaluation, as well as in clinical care in much of the world today. It is known that microscopy is an imperfect gold s ...
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Journal ArticleAdv Parasitol · 2008
From the 1920s to the 1970s, a large body of principles and evidence accumulated about the existence and character of 'strains' among the Plasmodium species responsible for human malaria. An extensive research literature examined the degree to which strain ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Trop Med Hyg · August 2007
The intensity of malaria transmission is often measured by looking at the fraction of individuals infected at a given point in time. However, malaria infections in individuals are dynamic, leading to uncertainty about whether a cross-sectional survey that ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · June 12, 2007
BACKGROUND: Malaria microscopy, while the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, has limitations. Efficacy estimates in drug and vaccine malaria trials are very sensitive to small errors in microscopy endpoints. This fact led to the establishment of a Malari ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · March 26, 2007
New sources of funding have revitalized efforts to control malaria. An effective vaccine would be a tremendous asset in the fight against this devastating disease and increasing financial and scientific resources are being invested to develop one. A few ca ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · December 12, 2006
BACKGROUND: Accurate identification and quantification of malaria parasites are critical for measuring clinical trial outcomes. Positive and negative diagnosis is usually sufficient for the assessment of therapeutic outcome, but vaccine or prophylactic dru ...
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Journal ArticleJ Parasitol · December 2006
Two expert research microscopists, each blinded to the other's reports, diagnosed single-species malaria infections in 2,141 adults presenting at outpatient malaria clinics in Tak Province, Thailand, and Iquitos, Peru, in May-August 1998, May-July 1999, an ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · October 25, 2006
BACKGROUND: Sets of Giemsa-stained, blood smear slides with systematically verified composite diagnoses would contribute substantially to development of externally validated quality assurance systems for the microscopic diagnosis of malaria. METHODS: whole ...
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Journal ArticleJ Med Libr Assoc · October 2006
OBJECTIVE: The paper identifies the relative amount of research devoted to non-communicable disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). DESIGN: A bibliometric analysis of a subset of journals published in LMICs was performed. MEASUREMENTS: Seventy ...
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Journal ArticleParasitol Res · September 2006
This study was designed to directly compare the accuracy, reproducibility, and efficiency of three methods commonly used to measure blood-stage malaria parasite density from Giemsa-stained blood films. Parasites and white blood cells (WBCs) were counted in ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · June 15, 2006
BACKGROUND: Clinical symptoms of mixed-species malaria infections have been variously reported as both less severe and more severe than those of single-species infections. METHODS: Oral temperatures were taken from and blood slides were prepared for 2308 a ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Med · May 2006
BACKGROUND: Treatment of asymptomatic individuals, regardless of their malaria infection status, with regularly spaced therapeutic doses of antimalarial drugs has been proposed as a method for reducing malaria morbidity and mortality. This strategy, called ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Trop Med Hyg · September 2005
Enumeration of parasites by microscopic examination of blood smears is the only method available for quantifying parasitemia in infected blood. However, the sources and scale of error inherent in this technique have not been systematically investigated. He ...
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Journal ArticleMalar J · July 20, 2005
Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) administers a full therapeutic course of an anti-malarial drug at predetermined intervals, regardless of infection or disease status. It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for protecting pregnant w ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · July 15, 2005
White blood cells (WBCs) were counted in 4697 individuals who presented to outpatient malaria clinics in Maesod, Tak Province, Thailand, and Iquitos, Peru, between 28 May and 28 August 1998 and between 17 May and 9 July 1999. At each site and in each year, ...
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Journal ArticleBioinformatics · March 2005
MOTIVATION: Signaling events that direct mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and differentiation are complex and accordingly difficult to understand in an integrated manner. We address this problem by adapting a Bayesian network learning algorithm ...
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Journal ArticleBiotechnol Bioeng · November 5, 2004
Stem cell self-renewal versus differentiation fate decisions are difficult to characterize and analyze due to multiple competing rate processes occurring simultaneously among heterogeneous cell subpopulations. To address this challenge, we describe a mathe ...
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Journal ArticleProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 2, 2004
A number of extracellular stimuli, including soluble cytokines and insoluble matrix factors, are known to influence murine embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation behavioral responses via intracellular signaling pathways, but their net effects ...
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