William Edwards Bynum IV
Associate Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health
I currently have the privilege of 1) providing outpatient primary care to patients from the Durham region, 2) educating Duke family medicine residents, medical students, and physician assistant students, 3) serving as the Associate Program Director of the Duke Family Medicine Residency, and 4) researching self-conscious emotion (shame, guilt, & pride) in medical learners. In addition to ongoing empiric research, I have given numerous seminars, grand rounds, and workshops on shame in medical education, both here at Duke and in other organizations and national meetings. I am excited by Duke's commitment to building supportive, psychologically safe learning environments and very much look forward to contributing to these ongoing efforts.
Current Research Interests
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine, Family Medicine and Community Health 2019
Contact Information
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
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Medical Licensure
- 228968. North Carolina. 2018
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Duke Appointment History
- Assistant Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine, Family Medicine and Community Health 2017 - 2019
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Leadership & Clinical Positions at Duke
- Associate Program Director, Duke Family Medicine Residency Program
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Academic Positions Outside Duke
- Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University. 2013 - 2017
- Recognition
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In the News
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SEP 1, 2016 AAMC News -
MAY 1, 2016 AAMC Reporter -
JUN 1, 2015 AAMC Reporter -
MAY 29, 2015 Belvoir Eagle
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- Expertise
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Subject Headings
- Research
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Selected Grants
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Fellowships, Supported Research, & Other Grants
- Group on Educational Affairs (GEA) National Grant awarded by Association of American Medical Colleges 2016
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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Nguyen, Linh N., and William E. Bynum. “When I Say…self-conscious emotions.” Med Educ, vol. 55, no. 3, Mar. 2021, pp. 291–92. Pubmed, doi:10.1111/medu.14425.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., et al. “'I'm unworthy of being in this space': The origins of shame in medical students.” Med Educ, vol. 55, no. 2, Feb. 2021, pp. 185–97. Pubmed, doi:10.1111/medu.14354.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., et al. “Why impaired wellness may be inevitable in medicine, and why that may not be a bad thing.” Med Educ, vol. 55, no. 1, Jan. 2021, pp. 16–22. Pubmed, doi:10.1111/medu.14284.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., et al. “The Psychology of Shame: A Resilience Seminar for Medical Students.” Mededportal, vol. 16, Dec. 2020, p. 11052. Pubmed, doi:10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11052.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., et al. “In Reply to Dyster.” Acad Med, vol. 95, no. 8, Aug. 2020, pp. 1127–28. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000003510.Full Text Link to Item
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Maggio, Lauren A., et al. “When will I get my paper back? A replication study of publication timelines for health professions education research.” Perspect Med Educ, vol. 9, no. 3, June 2020, pp. 139–46. Pubmed, doi:10.1007/s40037-020-00576-2.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., et al. “Addressing the Elephant in the Room: A Shame Resilience Seminar for Medical Students.” Acad Med, vol. 94, no. 8, Aug. 2019, pp. 1132–36. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002646.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., and Anthony R. Artino. “Why we should strive for emotional candour in medical education, too.” Med Educ, vol. 53, no. 7, July 2019, pp. 745–46. Pubmed, doi:10.1111/medu.13815.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., et al. “Sentinel Emotional Events: The Nature, Triggers, and Effects of Shame Experiences in Medical Residents.” Acad Med, vol. 94, no. 1, Jan. 2019, pp. 85–93. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002479.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., and Anthony R. Artino. “Who Am I, and Who Do I Strive to Be? Applying a Theory of Self-Conscious Emotions to Medical Education.” Acad Med, vol. 93, no. 6, June 2018, pp. 874–80. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001970.Full Text Link to Item
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Simard, Maxwell R., et al. “Promoting resilience through social connection: an intern workshop.” Med Educ, vol. 52, no. 5, May 2018, pp. 563–64. Pubmed, doi:10.1111/medu.13536.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William, and Lara Varpio. “When I say … hermeneutic phenomenology.” Med Educ, vol. 52, no. 3, Mar. 2018, pp. 252–53. Pubmed, doi:10.1111/medu.13414.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E. “Hardly Full Metal Jacket: What We Can Learn From a Military Learning Environment.” J Grad Med Educ, vol. 9, no. 5, Oct. 2017, pp. 657–58. Pubmed, doi:10.4300/JGME-D-17-00009.1.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E. “Assessing for Learner Shame Should Be a Routine Part of Remediation for Unprofessional Behavior.” Acad Med, vol. 92, no. 4, Apr. 2017, p. 424. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001585.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., and Taha M. Haque. “Risky Business: Psychological Safety and the Risks of Learning Medicine.” J Grad Med Educ, vol. 8, no. 5, Dec. 2016, pp. 780–82. Pubmed, doi:10.4300/JGME-D-16-00549.1.Full Text Link to Item
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McKenna, Kathleen M., et al. “The Missing Link: Connection Is the Key to Resilience in Medical Education.” Acad Med, vol. 91, no. 9, Sept. 2016, pp. 1197–99. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001311.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E. “Commentary on The Healer.” Acad Med, vol. 91, no. 8, Aug. 2016, p. 1067. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001257.Full Text Link to Item
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Hashimoto, Daniel A., et al. “See More, Do More, Teach More: Surgical Resident Autonomy and the Transition to Independent Practice.” Acad Med, vol. 91, no. 6, June 2016, pp. 757–60. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001142.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., and Brenessa Lindeman. “Caught in the Middle: A Resident Perspective on Influences From the Learning Environment That Perpetuate Mistreatment.” Acad Med, vol. 91, no. 3, Mar. 2016, pp. 301–04. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001058.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E., and Steven J. Durning. “A Beacon of Emotional Resilience in a Storm of Mistreatment?” Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, vol. 154, no. 2, Feb. 2016, pp. 397–98. Pubmed, doi:10.1177/0194599815621528.Full Text Link to Item
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Bynum, William E. “Filling the feedback gap: the unrecognised roles of shame and guilt in the feedback cycle.” Medical Education, vol. 49, no. 7, July 2015, pp. 644–47. Epmc, doi:10.1111/medu.12754.Full Text
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Bynum, William E., and Jeffrey L. Goodie. “Shame, guilt, and the medical learner: ignored connections and why we should care.” Medical Education, vol. 48, no. 11, Nov. 2014, pp. 1045–54. Epmc, doi:10.1111/medu.12521.Full Text
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Bynum, William. “Why physicians need to be more than automated medical kiosks.” Acad Med, vol. 89, no. 2, Feb. 2014, pp. 212–14. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000092.Full Text Link to Item
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Siefers, Nicholas, et al. “Tissue-specific expression patterns of Arabidopsis NF-Y transcription factors suggest potential for extensive combinatorial complexity.” Plant Physiol, vol. 149, no. 2, Feb. 2009, pp. 625–41. Pubmed, doi:10.1104/pp.108.130591.Full Text Link to Item
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Satterly, Steven, et al. “Special Operations Force Risk Reduction: Integration of Expeditionary Surgical and Resuscitation Teams.” J Spec Oper Med, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 49–52.Link to Item
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Conference Papers
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Breslin, A., et al. “80 Confronting Sentinel Emotional Events: An Innovative Seminar to Build Shame Resilience After Medical Error.” Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 74, no. 4, Elsevier BV, 2019, pp. S31–S31. Crossref, doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.084.Full Text
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- Teaching & Mentoring
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Advising & Mentoring
- Mentorship provided to two Duke medical students who co-authored a paper with me entitled "Addressing the elephant in the room: a shame resilience seminar for medical students." The paper is currently under review.
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Teaching Activities
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Regular Teaching Activities
- I provide clinical teaching and supervision to family medicine residents, medical students, and PA students in the Duke Family Medicine Clinic on a near-daily basis.
- I am routinely involved in competence assessments, formative evaluation, and summative evaluation of Duke family medicine residents through my job as residency Associate Program Director
- I teach MD, PA, APN, and PT students in the Duke Interprofessional Education clinic approximately 2-3 times per month.
- I provide lectures, workshops, and board review sessions to family medicine residents, medical students, and PA students approximately once per month
Selected, Specific Teaching Activities:
Bynum WE Namba A. (2018, June). New Intern Resilience Workshop (8-hour workshop). DukeFamily Medicine Residency Program, Durham, NC.
Bynum WE, Giordano S. (2018, April). Recognizing and constructively engaging with shame: aresilience seminar for MS-I students (2-hour workshop). Duke University School of Medicine,
Durham, NC.
Bynum WE, Fox J. (2018, March). Confronting sentinel emotional events: Shame resilient
approaches to medical error (90-minute workshop for MS-IV students). Duke University
School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
Bynum WE, Edelman C, Adams A. (2018, February). Recognizing and constructively engaging withshame: a resilience seminar for MS-II students (2-hour workshop). Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC.
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Regular Teaching Activities
- Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
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Presentations & Appearances
- Feedback and the self-conscious emotions: Giving difficult feedback while enhancing resilience. Chief Resident Retreat. Duke University School of Medicine. May 2018 2018
- Second victims and sentinel emotional events: How to help health Professionals constructively engage with feelings of shame. Duke AHEAD noon conference series. March 28, 2018 2018
- Shame and the medical learner: What it is, why it matters, and what to do about it. Grand Rounds. Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine. July 2017 2017
- Interrupting Cycles of Negativity in the Clinical Learning Environment. 2016 Annual Meeting. Association of American Medical Colleges. November 2016 2016
- Navigating the waters: Avoiding hidden cycles of negativity in the learning environment. CFAS/GDI/ORR Professional Development Conference. Association of American Medical Colleges. March 2016 2016
- Peeling back the mask: the unrecognized influence of self-conscious emotions in the medical learning experience. Annual Meeting and Exposition. Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians. March 2016 2016
- To DXA or not to DXA: Simple answers to complex questions about the management of osteoporosis in the elderly. Annual Meeting and Exposition. Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians. March 2016 2016
- Quality over quantity: Using quality improvement projects as a platform for ethical global health engagement. Global Health Workshop. American Academy of Family Physicians. October 2015 2015
- Building resilience: Helping learners adopt a shame-free approach to making an error. Annual Meeting and Exposition. Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians. March 2015 2015
- Flying without instruments: Treating hypertension in the elderly. Annual Meeting and Exposition. Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians. March 2015 2015
- Moving beyond learner mistreatment in medical education: Examining influences on the learning climate and guidance for potential solutions. Annual Meeting. Association of American Medical Colleges. November 2014 2014
- Positive Deviance: A strategy for cultivating solutions from within communities. Global Health Workshop. American Academy of Family Physicians. September 2014 2014
- Pre-medical students seeking hands-on patient care in LMICs: Advocacy efforts to curb unethical global health experiences. Global Health Workshop. American Academy of Family Physicians. September 2014 2014
- Joint plenary on learner mistreatment: Acculturation of professional values and the culture of medicine. Annual Meeting. Association of American Medical Colleges. November 2013 2013
- Advancing family medicine through global health: mentoring of medical students and beyond. Global Health Workshop. American Academy of Family Physicians. October 2013 2013
- Global health through the lens: the ethics of using photography to capture and publicize human suffering. Global Health Workshop. American Academy of Family Physicians. October 2013 2013
- Sustaining a globally oriented, medical student-founded non-profit organization in the residency years: simple solutions to common challenges and the role of curriculum development in navigating this transition period. Global Health Workshop. American Academy of Family Physicians. September 2012 2012
- Construction of a non-profit 101: simple steps to establish and manage a successful medical student-run non-profit organization without sacrificing academic or personal well-being. Global Health Workshop. American Academy of Family Physicians. October 2011 2011
- A model for a medical student run non-profit organization that supports international burn care. Southern Region Burn Conference. November 2009 2009
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Service to the Profession
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Service to Duke
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Academic & Administrative Activities
- Regular peer reviewer for Academic Medicine, Medical Education, Perspectives on Medical Education. Past peer reviews done for PLOS One, Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, Journal of General Internal Medicine, Military medicine
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Clinical Activities
- As a board-certified family medicine physician practicing at Duke Family Medicine, I provide outpatient chronic, acute, preventive, and procedural care to patients of all ages. I have six years of experience as a clinical provider post-residency. Prior to my current role, I provide full-spectrum care, including inpatient, outpatient, and obstetrical care, to US military members, retirees, and their families.
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