Scholars@Duke
William Edwards Bynum IV

William Edwards Bynum IV

Associate Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health
Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine

Selected Publications

In Reply to Li et al.

Journal Article Acad Med · December 1, 2024 Full text Link to item Cite

Correction to: The Room.

Journal Article J Med Humanit · November 5, 2024 Full text Link to item Cite

Development and Initial Validation of the Shame Frequency Questionnaire in Medical Students.

Journal Article Acad Med · July 1, 2024 PURPOSE: This study presents the steps taken to develop and collect initial validity evidence for the Shame Frequency Questionnaire in Medical Students. METHOD: The instrument was based on a 7-step survey design; validity evidence was collected from conten ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identity Work: A Qualitative Study of Residents' Experiences Navigating Identity Struggles.

Journal Article Perspectives on medical education · January 2024 IntroductionMedical training traditionally holds a deterministic view of professional socialization wherein many medical learners struggle to construct a professional identity. Previous research has demonstrated the dysfunctional norms and conflic ... Full text Cite

Professional identity struggle and ideology: A qualitative study of residents' experiences.

Journal Article Medical education · November 2023 IntroductionTo enter a profession is to take on a new identity. Professional identity formation can be difficult, with medical learners struggling to adopt professional norms. The role of ideology in medical socialisation may offer insight into th ... Full text Cite

Shame at the Gates of Medicine: A Hermeneutic Exploration of Premedical Students' Experiences of Shame.

Journal Article Acad Med · June 1, 2023 PURPOSE: Little is known about the nature of shame in students attempting to enter medical school, despite its potential to impact well-being and professional identity formation during training. In this study, the authors used hermeneutic phenomenology to ... Full text Link to item Cite

In Reply to Fujikawa and Eto.

Journal Article Acad Med · August 1, 2022 Full text Link to item Cite

Needlestick.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · April 28, 2022 Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a Community Hospital Medicine Affiliated Inpatient Rotation for Family Medicine Residents-A Collaborative Success.

Journal Article J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect · 2022 BACKGROUND: Hospitalists perform key roles as inpatient educators for family medicine residents. For the past decade, Duke University Family Medicine Residency Program had its inpatient family medicine resident rotation at non-Duke facilities. OBJECTIVE: T ... Full text Link to item Cite

In the "Shadow of Shame": A Phenomenological Exploration of the Nature of Shame Experiences in Medical Students.

Journal Article Acad Med · November 1, 2021 PURPOSE: Shame occurs when an individual blames a globally flawed self for a negative outcome. Much of the focus on shame in medical education has been directed toward graduate medical education with less recognition paid to shame occurring in medical scho ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mutual Rewards: Engaging the Field and Creating a Path Toward Academic Journal Editorship.

Journal Article Acad Med · October 1, 2021 In this commentary, the inaugural cohort of Academic Medicine assistant editors shares their experiences in this role and the value of creating a path toward academic journal editorship for early- and mid-career scholars. They are a group with diverse back ... Full text Link to item Cite

Professional development for facilitators of interprofessional education: Participation and outcomes of a pilot program

Journal Article Journal of Interprofessional Education and Practice · September 1, 2021 Clinician-educators often have limited opportunities to acquire the knowledge, skills and values to facilitate Interprofessional Education and Care (IPEC) in clinical settings. An interprofessional team of educators created a 4-part “lunch and learn” progr ... Full text Cite

Perfectionism, Power, and Process: What We Must Address to Dismantle Mental Health Stigma in Medical Education.

Journal Article Acad Med · May 1, 2021 In this commentary, the authors draw on 2 personal accounts of mental illness published by Kirk J. Brower, MD, and Darrell G. Kirch, MD, in this issue to consider how and why mental health stigma is maintained in medical education. In particular, they expl ... Full text Link to item Cite

When I Say…self-conscious emotions.

Journal Article Med Educ · March 2021 Full text Link to item Cite

'I'm unworthy of being in this space': The origins of shame in medical students.

Journal Article Med Educ · February 2021 OBJECTIVES: Shame results from a negative global self-evaluation and can have devastating effects. Shame research has focused primarily on graduate medical education, yet medical students are also susceptible to its occurrence and negative effects. This st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Why impaired wellness may be inevitable in medicine, and why that may not be a bad thing.

Journal Article Med Educ · January 2021 CONTEXT: A wellness crisis exists among physicians and medical trainees. High rates of burnout, depression, stress and other states of impaired wellness have driven a sense of urgency to create solutions, and the medical education community has mobilised i ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Psychology of Shame: A Resilience Seminar for Medical Students.

Journal Article MedEdPORTAL · December 24, 2020 INTRODUCTION: Shame is a powerful emotion that can cause emotional distress, impaired empathy, social isolation, and unprofessional behavior in medical learners. However, interventions to help learners constructively engage with shame are rare. This module ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

In Reply to Dyster.

Journal Article Acad Med · August 2020 Full text Link to item Cite

When will I get my paper back? A replication study of publication timelines for health professions education research.

Journal Article Perspect Med Educ · June 2020 INTRODUCTION: Biomedical researchers have lamented the lengthy timelines from manuscript submission to publication and highlighted potential detrimental effects on scientific progress and scientists' careers. In 2015, Himmelstein identified the mean time f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Addressing the Elephant in the Room: A Shame Resilience Seminar for Medical Students.

Journal Article Acad Med · August 2019 PROBLEM: Medical schools face the challenge of developing efficacious resources to promote well-being and foster resilience in students. The authors developed, implemented, and evaluated a shame resilience seminar for second-year clerkship medical students ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sentinel Emotional Events: The Nature, Triggers, and Effects of Shame Experiences in Medical Residents.

Journal Article Acad Med · January 2019 PURPOSE: This study explores an under-investigated topic, how medical residents experience shame within clinical learning environments, by asking residents to reflect on (1) the nature of their shame experiences; (2) the events that triggered, and factors ... Full text Link to item Cite

Who Am I, and Who Do I Strive to Be? Applying a Theory of Self-Conscious Emotions to Medical Education.

Journal Article Acad Med · June 2018 The self-conscious emotions of shame, guilt, and pride are a distinct set of cognitively complex, powerful, and ubiquitous emotions that arise when an individual engages in self-evaluation. Currently, little is known about the influence or outcomes of self ... Full text Link to item Cite

Special Operations Force Risk Reduction: Integration of Expeditionary Surgical and Resuscitation Teams.

Journal Article J Spec Oper Med · 2018 Hemorrhage in the presurgical setting has been the most significant cause of death on the battlefield. Damage control surgery (DCS) near the point of injury (POI) is not a new concept, but having conventional medical teams supporting Special Operations For ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Missing Link: Connection Is the Key to Resilience in Medical Education.

Journal Article Acad Med · September 2016 Awareness of the risks of burnout, depression, learner mistreatment, and suboptimal learning environments is increasing in academic medicine. A growing wellness and resilience movement has emerged in response to these disturbing trends; however, efforts to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Commentary on The Healer.

Journal Article Acad Med · August 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

See More, Do More, Teach More: Surgical Resident Autonomy and the Transition to Independent Practice.

Journal Article Acad Med · June 2016 The graduate medical education system is tasked with training competent and autonomous health care providers while also improving patient safety, delivering more efficient care, and cutting costs. Concerns about resident autonomy and preparation for indepe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Caught in the Middle: A Resident Perspective on Influences From the Learning Environment That Perpetuate Mistreatment.

Journal Article Acad Med · March 2016 Understanding and addressing the issue of learner mistreatment is among the most pressing challenges facing academic medicine today. Despite the fact that residents have a significant influence on the clinical learning environment and may be both recipient ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Beacon of Emotional Resilience in a Storm of Mistreatment?

Journal Article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · February 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Shame, guilt, and the medical learner: ignored connections and why we should care.

Journal Article Med Educ · November 2014 CONTEXT: Shame and guilt are subjective emotional responses that occur in response to negative events such as the making of mistakes or an experience of mistreatment, and have been studied extensively in the field of psychology. Despite their potentially d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Why physicians need to be more than automated medical kiosks.

Journal Article Acad Med · February 2014 The last 20 years have seen an unprecedented technological revolution, including the development of the personal computer. The new technologies that have emerged during this age of innovation have allowed human beings to connect widely with one another thr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tissue-specific expression patterns of Arabidopsis NF-Y transcription factors suggest potential for extensive combinatorial complexity.

Journal Article Plant Physiol · February 2009 All aspects of plant and animal development are controlled by complex networks of transcription factors. Transcription factors are essential for converting signaling inputs, such as changes in daylength, into complex gene regulatory outputs. While some tra ... Full text Link to item Cite