Scholars@Duke
Xi Chen

Xi Chen

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery
xi2.chen@duke.edu
2351 Erwin Road AERI3000, Durham, NC 27705
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Selected Publications

A pilot optical coherence tomography angiography classification of retinal neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity.

Journal Article Sci Rep · January 4, 2024 Extraretinal neovascularization is a hallmark of treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers vascular flow and depth information not available from indirect ophthalmoscopy and structural OCT, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Macular OCT Characteristics at 36 Weeks' Postmenstrual Age in Infants Examined for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · June 2021 PURPOSE: To report our ability to capture,-grade reliably, and analyze bedside macular OCT images from preterm infants and relate OCT findings to biological factors and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) status at a single time window in the Study of Eye Ima ... Full text Link to item Cite

Choroidal neovascularization in a child with infantile primary hyperoxaluria treated with bevacizumab.

Journal Article J AAPOS · April 2021 Fundus manifestations of primary hyperoxaluria include crystalline deposits, focal or diffuse macular hyperpigmentation, and subretinal fibrosis. Choroidal neovascularization has been hypothesized to underlie the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis, yet it ... Full text Link to item Cite

Morphological characteristics of early- versus late-onset macular edema in preterm infants.

Journal Article J AAPOS · October 2020 Macular images of infants with early-onset edema (occurring at or before 33 weeks' postmenstrual age [PMA]) and infants with late-onset edema (at or after 36 weeks' PMA) were compared. At first appearance, early-onset edema has a more severe morphology, wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Slow progressive perifoveal vascular formation in an infant with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity.

Journal Article Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · October 2020 Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP) is a severe form of ROP occurring in preterm infants that is characterized by rapid progression and prominent vascularity. We report the use of investigational bedside noninvasive optical coherence t ... Full text Cite

Subclinical Retinal versus Brain Findings in Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Journal Article Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol · September 2020 PURPOSE: To detect retinal features and abnormalities on optical coherence tomography (OCT) without pupil dilation and relate these to brain injury in infants with a clinical diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS: Under an institution ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differentiating Retinal Detachment and Retinoschisis Using Handheld Optical Coherence Tomography in Stage 4 Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Conference JAMA Ophthalmol · January 1, 2020 IMPORTANCE: Progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to stage 4 may require surgical intervention. The partial retinal detachment of stage 4 ROP may involve the fovea (stage 4B ROP) or may not (stage 4A ROP). This determination has heretofore been b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of Macular Microvasculature in Healthy Eyes of Infants and Children Using OCT Angiography.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · December 2019 PURPOSE: To assess macular vasculature in healthy infants and children using OCT angiography (OCTA). DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-five normal maculae of 89 healthy infants and children (mean age, 8.5±5.3 years ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Ergonomic handheld OCT angiography probe optimized for pediatric and supine imaging.

Journal Article Biomed Opt Express · May 1, 2019 OCT angiography is a functional extension of OCT that allows for non-invasive imaging of retinal microvasculature. However, most current OCT angiography systems are tabletop systems that are typically used for imaging compliant, seated subjects. These syst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Macular Microvascular Findings in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Journal Article Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina · May 1, 2019 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe depth-resolved macular microvasculature abnormalities in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two eyes (11 eyes o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three-dimensional pattern of extraretinal neovascular development in retinopathy of prematurity.

Journal Article Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol · April 2019 BACKGROUND: The application of three-dimensional (3D) visualization techniques to evaluate the earliest visible onset of abnormal retinal vascular development in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), using bedside non-contact optical coher ... Full text Link to item Cite

Understanding the variability of handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements in supine infants.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2019 PURPOSE: Central foveal thickness (CFT) measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans provide a precise measure of severity of pathologic changes in the fovea, progress of disease and response to treatment. Although these measures are addition ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retinopathy of prematurity

Chapter · January 1, 2019 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is identified clinically by a pattern of incomplete and abnormal retinal vessel development in preterm infants. Assessment is centered on determining whether retinal findings indicate a course of disease that requires treat ... Full text Cite

Identifying artifacts and outliers in structural optical coherence tomography

Chapter · January 1, 2019 We reviewed common artifacts and outliers in pediatric structural optical coherence tomography (OCT). ... Full text Cite

Introduction to research in pediatric OCT imaging

Chapter · January 1, 2019 This chapter provides an introduction to research in pediatric optical coherence tomography (OCT). ... Full text Cite

A pilot optical coherence tomography angiography classification of retinal neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity.

Journal Article Sci Rep · January 4, 2024 Extraretinal neovascularization is a hallmark of treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers vascular flow and depth information not available from indirect ophthalmoscopy and structural OCT, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Macular OCT Characteristics at 36 Weeks' Postmenstrual Age in Infants Examined for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · June 2021 PURPOSE: To report our ability to capture,-grade reliably, and analyze bedside macular OCT images from preterm infants and relate OCT findings to biological factors and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) status at a single time window in the Study of Eye Ima ... Full text Link to item Cite

Choroidal neovascularization in a child with infantile primary hyperoxaluria treated with bevacizumab.

Journal Article J AAPOS · April 2021 Fundus manifestations of primary hyperoxaluria include crystalline deposits, focal or diffuse macular hyperpigmentation, and subretinal fibrosis. Choroidal neovascularization has been hypothesized to underlie the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis, yet it ... Full text Link to item Cite

Morphological characteristics of early- versus late-onset macular edema in preterm infants.

Journal Article J AAPOS · October 2020 Macular images of infants with early-onset edema (occurring at or before 33 weeks' postmenstrual age [PMA]) and infants with late-onset edema (at or after 36 weeks' PMA) were compared. At first appearance, early-onset edema has a more severe morphology, wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Slow progressive perifoveal vascular formation in an infant with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity.

Journal Article Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · October 2020 Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP) is a severe form of ROP occurring in preterm infants that is characterized by rapid progression and prominent vascularity. We report the use of investigational bedside noninvasive optical coherence t ... Full text Cite

Subclinical Retinal versus Brain Findings in Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Journal Article Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol · September 2020 PURPOSE: To detect retinal features and abnormalities on optical coherence tomography (OCT) without pupil dilation and relate these to brain injury in infants with a clinical diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS: Under an institution ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differentiating Retinal Detachment and Retinoschisis Using Handheld Optical Coherence Tomography in Stage 4 Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Conference JAMA Ophthalmol · January 1, 2020 IMPORTANCE: Progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to stage 4 may require surgical intervention. The partial retinal detachment of stage 4 ROP may involve the fovea (stage 4B ROP) or may not (stage 4A ROP). This determination has heretofore been b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of Macular Microvasculature in Healthy Eyes of Infants and Children Using OCT Angiography.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · December 2019 PURPOSE: To assess macular vasculature in healthy infants and children using OCT angiography (OCTA). DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-five normal maculae of 89 healthy infants and children (mean age, 8.5±5.3 years ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Ergonomic handheld OCT angiography probe optimized for pediatric and supine imaging.

Journal Article Biomed Opt Express · May 1, 2019 OCT angiography is a functional extension of OCT that allows for non-invasive imaging of retinal microvasculature. However, most current OCT angiography systems are tabletop systems that are typically used for imaging compliant, seated subjects. These syst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Macular Microvascular Findings in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Journal Article Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina · May 1, 2019 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe depth-resolved macular microvasculature abnormalities in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two eyes (11 eyes o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three-dimensional pattern of extraretinal neovascular development in retinopathy of prematurity.

Journal Article Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol · April 2019 BACKGROUND: The application of three-dimensional (3D) visualization techniques to evaluate the earliest visible onset of abnormal retinal vascular development in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), using bedside non-contact optical coher ... Full text Link to item Cite

Understanding the variability of handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements in supine infants.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2019 PURPOSE: Central foveal thickness (CFT) measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans provide a precise measure of severity of pathologic changes in the fovea, progress of disease and response to treatment. Although these measures are addition ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retinopathy of prematurity

Chapter · January 1, 2019 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is identified clinically by a pattern of incomplete and abnormal retinal vessel development in preterm infants. Assessment is centered on determining whether retinal findings indicate a course of disease that requires treat ... Full text Cite

Identifying artifacts and outliers in structural optical coherence tomography

Chapter · January 1, 2019 We reviewed common artifacts and outliers in pediatric structural optical coherence tomography (OCT). ... Full text Cite

Introduction to research in pediatric OCT imaging

Chapter · January 1, 2019 This chapter provides an introduction to research in pediatric optical coherence tomography (OCT). ... Full text Cite

VISUALIZATION FROM INTRAOPERATIVE SWEPT-SOURCE MICROSCOPE-INTEGRATED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN VITRECTOMY FOR COMPLICATIONS OF PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY.

Journal Article Retina · September 2018 PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of live volumetric (4D) intraoperative swept-source microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography in vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy complications. METHODS: In this prospective study, we analyzed a subgro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spectral-Domain OCT Findings of Retinal Vascular-Avascular Junction in Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · September 2018 PURPOSE: Bedside examination of premature infants at risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is predominantly performed with ophthalmoscopic en face viewing of the retina. While postmortem retinal microstructures have been studied at the vascular-avascul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fluorescein Angiographic Characteristics of Macular Edema During Infancy.

Journal Article JAMA Ophthalmol · May 1, 2018 IMPORTANCE: Macular edema during infancy, a subclinical feature identified in premature infants by handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), has been associated with poorer visual acuity and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Features of ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Case of Progressive Dimming Vision.

Journal Article JAMA Ophthalmol · April 1, 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

ASSESSMENT OF THE RETINAL STRUCTURE IN CHILDREN WITH INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI.

Journal Article Retina · August 2017 PURPOSE: This report aims at expanding the current knowledge of retinal microanatomy in children with incontinentia pigmenti using hand-held spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). METHODS: We reviewed OCT scans from 7 children (4 weeks-13 ye ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microscope-Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Operating Room in Young Children With Retinal Vascular Disease.

Journal Article JAMA Ophthalmol · May 1, 2017 IMPORTANCE: Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained traction as an important adjunct for clinical decision making during vitreoretinal surgery, and OCT angiography (OCTA) has provided novel insights in clinical evaluation of retinal di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ocular Surface Epithelial Atypia Mimicking Squamous Neoplasia in Association With Ulcerative Colitis.

Journal Article Cornea · April 2017 PURPOSE: Inflammatory bowel disease may be associated with extraintestinal manifestations. We report a case of severe reactive epithelial atypia resembling ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Case re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optical coherence tomography of the preterm eye: from retinopathy of prematurity to brain development.

Journal Article Eye Brain · 2016 Preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity are at increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Because the neurosensory retina is an extension of the central nervous system, anatomic abnormalities in the anterior visual pathway often relate to ... Full text Link to item Cite