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Alpha 2-macroglobulin binds CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and enhances their immunostimulatory properties by a receptor-dependent mechanism.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Anderson, RB; Cianciolo, GJ; Kennedy, MN; Pizzo, SV
Published in: J Leukoc Biol
February 2008

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) stimulate the immune system and are under evaluation as treatments and vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases, cancer, and immune system disorders. Although they have shown promising results in numerous clinical trials, the ultimate use of CpG ODN-based therapeutics may hinge on improved pharmacokinetics and reduced systemic side-effects. CpG ODN efficacy and potency might be enhanced greatly by packaging them into particles that protect them from degradation and specifically target them for uptake by immune-competent cells. The plasma proteinase inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) binds numerous biologically active macromolecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, and can modulate their activity. Molecules bound to alpha 2M are protected from interactions with neighboring macromolecules and are targeted for receptor-mediated uptake by immune-competent cells. Here, we report that activated alpha 2M (alpha 2M*) binds CpG ODN and enhances their immunostimulatory properties significantly. Murine macrophages treated with alpha 2M*-ODN complexes respond more rapidly and produce a greater cytokine response than induced by free CpG ODN. Using human PBMC, alpha 2M*-ODN complexes exhibit fourfold enhanced potency and 15-fold greater efficacy for stimulating production of inflammatory cytokines. alpha 2M* targets delivery of CpG ODN specifically to immune-competent cells, which endocytose the complexes sixfold more rapidly than free CpG ODN. CpG ODN bound to alpha 2M* are also protected from degradation by nucleases. This novel targeting technology may improve CpG ODN-based therapeutics by increasing efficacy at reduced doses, thus reducing side-effects and cost.

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Published In

J Leukoc Biol

DOI

ISSN

0741-5400

Publication Date

February 2008

Volume

83

Issue

2

Start / End Page

381 / 392

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • alpha-Macroglobulins
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9
  • Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
  • Nickel
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice
  • Macrophages, Peritoneal
  • Macrophage Activation
 

Citation

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Anderson, R. B., Cianciolo, G. J., Kennedy, M. N., & Pizzo, S. V. (2008). Alpha 2-macroglobulin binds CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and enhances their immunostimulatory properties by a receptor-dependent mechanism. J Leukoc Biol, 83(2), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0407236
Anderson, Ryan B., George J. Cianciolo, Margaret N. Kennedy, and Salvatore V. Pizzo. “Alpha 2-macroglobulin binds CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and enhances their immunostimulatory properties by a receptor-dependent mechanism.J Leukoc Biol 83, no. 2 (February 2008): 381–92. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0407236.
Anderson, Ryan B., et al. “Alpha 2-macroglobulin binds CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and enhances their immunostimulatory properties by a receptor-dependent mechanism.J Leukoc Biol, vol. 83, no. 2, Feb. 2008, pp. 381–92. Pubmed, doi:10.1189/jlb.0407236.

Published In

J Leukoc Biol

DOI

ISSN

0741-5400

Publication Date

February 2008

Volume

83

Issue

2

Start / End Page

381 / 392

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • alpha-Macroglobulins
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9
  • Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
  • Nickel
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice
  • Macrophages, Peritoneal
  • Macrophage Activation