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Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions: differential risk factors in development?

Publication ,  Journal Article
Shanahan, L; Copeland, WE; Costello, EJ; Angold, A
Published in: Psychol Med
November 2011

BACKGROUND: Previous research reported that childhood adversity predicts juvenile- onset but not adult-onset depression, but studies confounded potentially genuine differences in adversity with differences in the recency with which adversity was experienced. The current study paper took into account the recency of risk when testing for differences among child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions. METHOD: Up to nine waves of data were used per subject from two cohorts of the Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS; n=1004), covering children in the community aged 9-16, 19 and 21 years. Youth and one of their parents were interviewed using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA) between ages 9 and 16; these same youth were interviewed using the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment (YAPA) at ages 19 and 21. The most common psychosocial risk factors for depression were assessed: poverty, life events, parental psychopathology, maltreatment, and family dysfunction. RESULTS: Consistent with previous research, most childhood psychosocial risk factors were more strongly associated with child-onset than with adolescent-/adult-onset depression. When potentially genuine risk differences among the depression-onset groups were disentangled from differences due to the recency of risk, child- and young adult-onset depression were no longer different from one another. Adolescent-onset depression was associated with few psychosocial risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in putative risk factors between child- and young adult-onset depression when the recency of risk was taken into account. Adolescent-onset depression was associated with few psychosocial risk factors. It is possible that some adolescent-onset depression cases differ in terms of risk from child- and young adult-onset depression.

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Published In

Psychol Med

DOI

EISSN

1469-8978

Publication Date

November 2011

Volume

41

Issue

11

Start / End Page

2265 / 2274

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Risk Factors
  • Psychosocial Deprivation
  • Psychiatry
  • Poverty
  • North Carolina
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Male
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Logistic Models
 

Citation

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ICMJE
MLA
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Shanahan, L., Copeland, W. E., Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (2011). Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions: differential risk factors in development? Psychol Med, 41(11), 2265–2274. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711000675
Shanahan, L., W. E. Copeland, E. J. Costello, and A. Angold. “Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions: differential risk factors in development?Psychol Med 41, no. 11 (November 2011): 2265–74. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711000675.
Shanahan L, Copeland WE, Costello EJ, Angold A. Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions: differential risk factors in development? Psychol Med. 2011 Nov;41(11):2265–74.
Shanahan, L., et al. “Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions: differential risk factors in development?Psychol Med, vol. 41, no. 11, Nov. 2011, pp. 2265–74. Pubmed, doi:10.1017/S0033291711000675.
Shanahan L, Copeland WE, Costello EJ, Angold A. Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions: differential risk factors in development? Psychol Med. 2011 Nov;41(11):2265–2274.
Journal cover image

Published In

Psychol Med

DOI

EISSN

1469-8978

Publication Date

November 2011

Volume

41

Issue

11

Start / End Page

2265 / 2274

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Risk Factors
  • Psychosocial Deprivation
  • Psychiatry
  • Poverty
  • North Carolina
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Male
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Logistic Models