Scholars@Duke
Andrew John Liu

Andrew John Liu

Associate Professor of Neurology
Neurology, Behavioral Neurology
932 Morreene Rd, Room 258, Durham, NC 27705
932 Morreene Rd., Rm 258, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

Development of Plasma Protein Classification Models for Alzheimer's Disease Using Multiple Machine Learning Approaches.

Journal Article Int J Mol Sci · December 2, 2025 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) management is challenging due to limitations in detection methods. Currently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers involve assessing β-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau proteins. The lumbar puncture procedure to obtain CSF is inv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations of adverse childhood experiences, inflammation, and cognition in older Black adults.

Journal Article Psychoneuroendocrinology · December 2025 BACKGROUND: Childhood adversity has profound implications for cognitive health, with particularly pronounced impacts in minoritized populations. We apply an intersectionality framework to explore how distinct overlapping patterns of adverse childhood exper ... Full text Link to item Cite

Toward Inclusive Screening of Cognitive Impairment: Validating the Visual Cognitive Assessment Test Among U.S.-Based Racially Diverse Older Adults.

Journal Article J Cross Cult Gerontol · December 2025 Black/African American and Latino populations are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet underrepresented in research due to biases in cognitive assessments like the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The Visual-based Cognitive Ass ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomarkers.

Journal Article Alzheimers Dement · December 2025 BACKGROUND: Psychosocial factors, including mood function and residential status (urban vs. rural), have been suggested to affect the risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Few studies, however, have attempted to examine the associations ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomarkers.

Journal Article Alzheimers Dement · December 2025 BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) have gained widespread usage in clinical diagnosis and treatment, but their utility among middle-aged individuals has yet to be fully elucidated. We exami ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomarkers.

Journal Article Alzheimers Dement · December 2025 BACKGROUND: Worse sensory and physical function measures associate with higher risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). To our knowledge, no studies have reported relationships between sensory and physical function, ADRD cerebrospinal flui ... Full text Link to item Cite

Public Health.

Journal Article Alzheimers Dement · December 2025 BACKGROUND: Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (lecanemab and donanemab) received full approval by the FDA to treat early Alzheimer's disease and entered routine clinical practice in July 2023 and July 2024 respectively. Uptake patterns and post-approval s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Severe Persistent Urinary Retention Following Treatment With Intravenous Lecanemab.

Journal Article Pharmacotherapy · October 2025 Lecanemab is an amyloid-targeted antibody indicated for treating patients with amyloid-confirmed early Alzheimer's Disease in mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment stages. We report here a case of a subject with early stage of Alzheimer's Disease deme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adverse childhood experiences influence markers of neurodegeneration risk in older adults.

Journal Article Alzheimers Dement · August 2025 INTRODUCTION: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) disrupt brain development and increase vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). We explored how ACEs impact neuroimaging, plasma biomarkers, and cognition in older adults. METHODS ... Full text Link to item Cite

AI-Assisted Detection of Amyloid-related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA): Promise and Pitfalls.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · July 30, 2025 The advent of anti-amyloid therapies (AATs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has elevated the importance of MRI surveillance for amyloidrelated imaging abnormalities (ARIA) such as microhemorrhages and siderosis (ARIA-H) and edema (ARIA-E). We report a literat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlating retinal and choroidal vascular parameters with volumetric MRI in Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Journal Article BMC Ophthalmol · July 1, 2025 BACKGROUND: We assess the relationships between retinal and choroidal structural and microvascular parameters and brain volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebrovascular Management Considerations in Patients on AATs.

Journal Article J Clin Med · May 14, 2025 The prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is increasing worldwide, with more emergency providers and neurologists expecting to encounter these patients. The paradigm of management of AD is expected to change given the recent approval of anti-amyloid thera ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effect of donepezil on bone metabolism among older adults with Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · January 2025 Older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD), in addition to significant cognitive disability, have twice the risk of fracture compared to those with normal cognition. Fractures among older adults with AD are associated with substantial morbidity, loss of ph ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pearls and Oy-sters: A Patient on Lecanemab Newly Diagnosed With Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal Article Neurology · December 24, 2024 A 77-year-old woman with a medical history of amnestic mild cognitive impairment on lecanemab presented to the hospital with new onset shortness of breath. ECG revealed new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Considering the p ... Full text Link to item Cite

DNA methylation of imprint control regions associated with Alzheimer's disease in non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites.

Journal Article Clin Epigenetics · April 25, 2024 Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence is twice as high in non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) as in non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). The objective of this study was to determine whether aberrant methylation at imprint control regions (ICRs) is associated with AD. Differen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Skin Biopsy Detection of Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in Patients With Synucleinopathies.

Journal Article JAMA · April 16, 2024 IMPORTANCE: Finding a reliable diagnostic biomarker for the disorders collectively known as synucleinopathies (Parkinson disease [PD], dementia with Lewy bodies [DLB], multiple system atrophy [MSA], and pure autonomic failure [PAF]) is an urgent unmet need ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between F2-isoprostanes and self-reported stressors in pregnant americans of African and European ancestry.

Journal Article Heliyon · February 15, 2024 BACKGROUND: Poor birth outcomes such as preterm birth/delivery disproportionately affect African Americans compared to White individuals. Reasons for this disparity are likely multifactorial, and include prenatal psychosocial stressors, and attendant incre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peripapillary Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Cognition.

Journal Article Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina · February 2024 OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify peripapillary microvascular changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 66 eyes of 36 subjects with AD, 119 eyes of 63 with MCI, and 513 e ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Convolutional Neural Network Using Multimodal Retinal Imaging for Differentiation of Mild Cognitive Impairment from Normal Cognition.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · 2024 PURPOSE: To develop a machine learning tool capable of differentiating eyes of subjects with normal cognition from those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA). DESIGN: Evaluation of a diagnostic technology. PARTICIPANTS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intrasession Repeatability of OCT Angiography Parameters in Neurodegenerative Disease.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · June 2023 PURPOSE: To assess the intrasession repeatability of macular OCT angiography (OCTA) parameters in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), and normal cognition (NC). DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SUBJECTS: Patie ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Retinal Vascular Changes in Alzheimer's Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study Using Ultra-Widefield Imaging.

Journal Article Transl Vis Sci Technol · January 3, 2023 PURPOSE: Retinal microvascular abnormalities measured on retinal images are a potential source of prognostic biomarkers of vascular changes in the neurodegenerating brain. We assessed the presence of these abnormalities in Alzheimer's dementia and mild cog ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease by Simoa p-tau181 measurements with matching plasma and CSF.

Journal Article Front Mol Neurosci · 2023 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a long preclinical phase. Although late-stage AD/dementia may be robustly differentiated from cognitively normal individuals by means of a clinical evaluation, PET imaging, and established biofluid biomarkers, d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomic map of candidate human imprint control regions: the imprintome.

Journal Article Epigenetics · December 2022 Imprinted genes - critical for growth, metabolism, and neuronal function - are expressed from one parental allele. Parent-of-origin-dependent CpG methylation regulates this expression at imprint control regions (ICRs). Since ICRs are established before tis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Racial disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD): Correlating a novel neuropsychological screening test to established AD fluid and imaging biomarkers in African Americans and Caucasians

Journal Article Alzheimer S and Dementia · December 1, 2022 Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a commonly used screening tool for the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The current cut-off threshold for detection of MCI on ... Full text Cite

ASSESSMENT OF RETINAL MICROVASCULAR ALTERATIONS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AMNESTIC AND NONAMNESTIC MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Journal Article Retina · July 1, 2022 PURPOSE: To assess retinal microvascular alterations in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and nonamnestic MCI. METHODS: One hundred twelve eyes of 59 amnestic MCI participants, 32 eyes of 17 nonamnestic MCI participants, and 111 eye ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a novel, amyloid-independent tauopathy associated with elevated phosphorylated 3R/4R tau aggregation.

Journal Article Acta Neuropathol Commun · March 3, 2022 Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes and autosomal dominantly inherited. These mutations cause hyperactivation of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, leading to the d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Convolutional neural network to identify symptomatic Alzheimer's disease using multimodal retinal imaging.

Journal Article Br J Ophthalmol · March 2022 BACKGROUND/AIMS: To develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a combination of multimodal retinal images and patient data. METHODS: Colour maps of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thicknes ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Retinal and Choroidal Changes in Men Compared with Women with Alzheimer's Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · March 2022 PURPOSE: To evaluate differences in the retinal microvasculature and structure and choroidal structure among men and women with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with age-matched cognitively normal male and female controls. DESIGN: Case-control study of pa ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A case of fatal familial insomnia: diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Journal Article Neurocase · February 2022 Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) is an uncommon but fatal genetic condition that is characterized by severe progressive insomnia, dysautonomia, neuropsychiatric changes, and gait instability. Diagnostic workup includes genetic testing, EEG, MRI imaging of the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-Term Sequelae in Young Convalescent COVID-19 Patients.

Journal Article Case Rep Neurol Med · 2022 As of March 2022, over 78 million cases of COVID-19 and 900,000 deaths have been reported in the United States. The consequences in the acute phase due to the SARS-COV-2 infection are well defined. Beyond the direct effects of severe acute respiratory synd ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing the Retinal Microvasculature in Individuals With Early and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.

Journal Article Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina · June 2021 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retinal microvascular changes in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six eyes of 50 late-onset AD participants, 27 eyes of 15 early onset AD participants, and 111 eyes of 57 cogn ... Full text Link to item Cite

Choroidal Structural Analysis in Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitively Healthy Controls.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · March 2021 PURPOSE: To assess choroidal structural parameters in symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively healthy control subjects. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study took place in an outpatient ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The application of optical coherence tomography angiography in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.

Journal Article Alzheimers Dement (Amst) · 2021 INTRODUCTION: Discovering non-invasive and easily acquired biomarkers that are conducive to the accurate diagnosis of dementia is an urgent area of ongoing clinical research. One promising approach is retinal imaging, as there is homology between retinal a ... Full text Link to item Cite

COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 IN OLDER ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY · 2021 Cite

Apolipoprotein E Induced Cognitive Dysfunction: Mediation Analysis of Lipids and Glucose Biomarkers in an Elderly Cohort Study.

Journal Article Front Aging Neurosci · 2021 INTRODUCTION: Prior evidence suggested Apolipoprotein E (APOE), lipids, and glucose metabolism may act through the same pathways on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: This prospective study used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Health ... Full text Link to item Cite

Progressive supranuclear palsy and primary lateral sclerosis secondary to globular glial tauopathy: a case report and a practical theoretical framework for the clinical prediction of this rare pathological entity.

Journal Article Neurocase · April 2020 Globular glial tauopathy (GGT) is a rare 4-repeat tauopathy characterized by the accumulation of tau globular inclusions in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Several clinical phenotypes have been associated with GGT, making the prediction of this rare patho ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Association of Cognitive and Behavioral Features Between Adults With Tuberous Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia.

Journal Article JAMA Neurol · March 1, 2020 Featured Publication IMPORTANCE: Individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex can develop a progressive neuropsychiatric syndrome known as tuberous sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. Tuberous sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders symptoms overlap with cl ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Negative Diffusion Weighted Imaging on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

Journal Article Case Rep Neurol Med · 2020 A 76-year-old Caucasian woman initially presented to the Duke Memory Disorders clinic with a 9-month history of a rapid decline in cognitive, motor, and neuropsychiatric function. On initial presentation, the patient required assistance with activities of ... Full text Link to item Cite