Charles Mason Maxfield

Professor of Radiology

Radiology, Pediatric Radiology

charles.maxfield@duke.edu

AT A GLANCE

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1. Selected Publications

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Selected Publications

Adjectives in the Summary Paragraph of the MSPE: Are They Telling Us Something?

Journal Article Acad Radiol · July 19, 2024 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Many US medical schools do not provide a summative, comparative assessment of students (class rank), instead utilizing descriptive adjectives in the summary paragraph of the Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE). The objec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Women in leadership matters: Achieving diversity in radiology residency recruitment.

Journal Article Clin Imaging · July 2024 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To assess whether academic radiology departments and residency programs with efforts toward supporting and augmenting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) are associated with a higher proportion of residents from diverse backgro ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Influence of Extracurricular Activities on Radiology Resident Selection Decisions.

Conference J Am Coll Radiol · June 2024 PURPOSE: Extracurricular activities (EAs) listed on radiology residency applications can signal traits and characteristics desired in holistic reviews. The authors conducted an objective analysis to determine the influence of EAs on resident selection deci ... Full text Link to item Cite

Subventricular zone stem cell niche injury is associated with intestinal perforation in preterm infants and predicts future motor impairment.

Journal Article Cell Stem Cell · April 4, 2024 Brain injury is highly associated with preterm birth. Complications of prematurity, including spontaneous or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-associated intestinal perforations, are linked to lifelong neurologic impairment, yet the mechanisms are poorly und ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medical student perspectives on radiology subspecialties prior to core clerkship.

Journal Article Current problems in diagnostic radiology · March 2024 Rationale and objectivesRadiology remains underrepresented in U.S. medical school clinical curricula, and preconceived opinions about the field may impact whether students pursue elective exposure. A core radiology clerkship at one academic instit ... Full text Cite

The Impact of the Dobbs Decision on Diagnostic Radiology Applicants, Residents, and Program Directors.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · November 2023 In the Dobbs decision the United States Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, returning the issue of abortion to the states. To date, there is little published data on the impact this might have on where future residents choose to pursue graduate medical e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unintended Consequence: Diversity as a Casualty of Eliminating United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Scores.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · November 2023 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use a discrete-choice experiment to model the trade-offs evaluators make between academic attributes and demographics when the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 switches to pass/fail. METHO ... Full text Link to item Cite

Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Education in Radiology: Multi-institutional Survey of Radiology Residents in the United States.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · July 2023 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate radiology residents' perspectives regarding inclusion of artificial intelligence/ machine learning (AI/ML) education in the residency curriculum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online anonymous survey was sent to 759 reside ... Full text Link to item Cite

An Elite Privilege: Top-Ranked Medical Schools Provide Fewer Comparative Performance Data on Their Students.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · April 2023 PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine differences in the reporting of performance data on medical student performance evaluations (MSPEs) by medical school ranking. METHODS: MSPEs from all US allopathic and osteopathic medical schools recei ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hidden Curriculum and the Demographic Stoicism That Keeps Women and Minorities Away From Radiology: A Mixed-Methods Study of Medical Students.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · February 2023 OBJECTIVE: To understand how women and historically underrepresented minority medical students perceive radiology as a potential career choice. METHODS: Medical students representing a broad spectrum of radiology exposure from a single institution were inv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Promotion in academic radiology: context and considerations.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · January 2023 Full text Link to item Cite

Proceedings of the 14th International Newborn Brain Conference: Fetal and/or neonatal brain development, both normal and abnormal.

Journal Article J Neonatal Perinatal Med · 2023 Full text Link to item Cite

Should Radiology Residency Interviews Remain Virtual? Results of a Multi-institutional Survey Inform the Debate.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · October 2022 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The recent completion of the inaugural virtual interview season has triggered calls for the permanency of virtual interviews in the radiology resident selection process. We designed a study to assess the inaugural 2020-2021 virtua ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient and Radiologist Demographics Influence Perceptions of Screening Mammography Reports.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · October 2022 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test whether patient and radiologist demographics influence perceptions of screening mammography reports and the interpreting radiologist. METHODS: Patients presenting for breast imaging were surveyed. Demographics wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

A harder road travelled.

Journal Article Med Educ · September 2022 Full text Link to item Cite

Can the use of deception be justified in medical education research? A point/counterpoint and case study.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · July 2022 Deception is a common feature of behavioral research design, although not commonly employed in the medical literature. It can promote scientific validity but is ethically controversial because it compromises subject autonomy and incurs additional costs. I ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiology Stereotypes, Application Barriers, and Hospital Integration: A Mixed-methods Study of Medical Student Perceptions of Radiology.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · July 2022 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Limited exposure to radiology by medical students can perpetuate negative stereotypes and hamper recruitment efforts. The purpose of this study is to understand medical students' perceptions of radiology and how they change based ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Radiology Resident Education Research Alliance: The Evolution of a Multi-Institutional Research Cooperative.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · April 2022 Full text Link to item Cite

Factors Influential in the Selection of Radiology Residents in the Post-Step 1 World: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · November 2021 OBJECTIVES: Reporting of United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 results will transition from a numerical score to a pass or fail result. We sought an objective analysis to determine changes in the relative importance of resident application att ... Full text Link to item Cite

Asymptomatic Skeletal Cystic Angiomatosis May Be Managed Conservatively With Close Observation.

Journal Article J Pediatr Hematol Oncol · March 1, 2021 Cystic angiomatosis (CA) is a rare disease characterized by the proliferation of vascular and lymphatic channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells. CA may present with isolated skeletal or visceral disease. There is no consensus for the standard ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adjectives in the Summary Paragraph of the MSPE: Are They Telling Us Something?

Women in leadership matters: Achieving diversity in radiology residency recruitment.

The Influence of Extracurricular Activities on Radiology Resident Selection Decisions.

Subventricular zone stem cell niche injury is associated with intestinal perforation in preterm infants and predicts future motor impairment.

Medical student perspectives on radiology subspecialties prior to core clerkship.

The Impact of the Dobbs Decision on Diagnostic Radiology Applicants, Residents, and Program Directors.

Unintended Consequence: Diversity as a Casualty of Eliminating United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Scores.

Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Education in Radiology: Multi-institutional Survey of Radiology Residents in the United States.

An Elite Privilege: Top-Ranked Medical Schools Provide Fewer Comparative Performance Data on Their Students.

Hidden Curriculum and the Demographic Stoicism That Keeps Women and Minorities Away From Radiology: A Mixed-Methods Study of Medical Students.

Promotion in academic radiology: context and considerations.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · January 2023 Full text Link to item Cite

Proceedings of the 14th International Newborn Brain Conference: Fetal and/or neonatal brain development, both normal and abnormal.

Journal Article J Neonatal Perinatal Med · 2023 Full text Link to item Cite

Should Radiology Residency Interviews Remain Virtual? Results of a Multi-institutional Survey Inform the Debate.

Patient and Radiologist Demographics Influence Perceptions of Screening Mammography Reports.

A harder road travelled.

Journal Article Med Educ · September 2022 Full text Link to item Cite

Can the use of deception be justified in medical education research? A point/counterpoint and case study.

Radiology Stereotypes, Application Barriers, and Hospital Integration: A Mixed-methods Study of Medical Student Perceptions of Radiology.

The Radiology Resident Education Research Alliance: The Evolution of a Multi-Institutional Research Cooperative.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · April 2022 Full text Link to item Cite

Factors Influential in the Selection of Radiology Residents in the Post-Step 1 World: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Asymptomatic Skeletal Cystic Angiomatosis May Be Managed Conservatively With Close Observation.

Knowledge Retention in Radiology Residents for Audience Response System Versus Traditional Hot-Seat Conference.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · February 2021 Full text Link to item Cite

You're Biased! Deal With It.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · January 2021 Widespread implementation of the Implicit Association Test has revealed that most doctors, and many radiologists, hold implicit racial bias. Because implicit bias is thought to drive discrimination, it has emerged as a primary explanation for radiology's o ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Value of Numerical USMLE Step 1 Scores in Radiology Resident Selection.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · October 2020 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: In response to a recent proposal to change scoring on the United States Medical Licensing (USMLE) Step 1 exam to pass/fail, we sought to determine the value of numerical Step 1 scores in predicting success in our radiology residen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Awareness of implicit bias mitigates discrimination in radiology resident selection.

Journal Article Med Educ · July 2020 OBJECTIVES: Implicit bias is common and is thought to drive discriminatory behaviour. Having previously demonstrated discrimination against specific applicant demographics by academic radiology departments in a simulated resident selection process, the aut ... Full text Link to item Cite

ACGME Case Log Values Correlate with Performance on ABR Core Exam.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · February 2020 Full text Link to item Cite

Bias in Radiology Resident Selection: Do We Discriminate Against the Obese and Unattractive?

Journal Article Acad Med · November 2019 PURPOSE: To evaluate for appearance-based discrimination in the selection of radiology residents. METHOD: A deception study simulating the resident selection process examined the impact of attractiveness and obesity on resident selection. Seventy-four core ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hybrid Interactive and Didactic Teaching Format Improves Resident Retention and Attention Compared to Traditional Lectures.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · September 2019 PURPOSE: To compare the traditional lecture to a hybrid interactive and didactic teaching format with regards to radiology resident short- and long-term retention, as well as attention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The tested hybrid format consists of a 30-minut ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Simulation Paradigm for Evaluation of Subtle Liver Lesions at Pediatric CT: Performance and Confidence.

Journal Article Radiol Imaging Cancer · September 2019 PURPOSE: To create and validate a systematic observer performance platform for evaluation of simulated liver lesions at pediatric CT and to test this paradigm to measure the effect of radiation dose reduction on detection performance and reader confidence. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Common Resident Errors When Interpreting Computed Tomography of the Abdomen and Pelvis: A Review of Types, Pitfalls, and Strategies for Improvement.

Journal Article Curr Probl Diagn Radiol · January 2019 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify common errors that radiology residents make when interpreting abdominopelvic (AP) computed tomography (CT) while on call, to review the typical imaging findings of these cases, and to discuss strategies ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric imaging in global health radiology

Chapter · December 31, 2018 Full text Cite

Evaluating Resident On-Call Performance: Does Volume Affect Discrepancy Rate?

Journal Article Curr Probl Diagn Radiol · November 2018 OBJECTIVE: To examinehow study volume affects discrepancy rates for on-call radiology residents. Inparticular, we studied how both total shift volume and volume at a particularpoint in time might effect performance. MATERIALS/METHODS: Weretrospectively ana ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolated Central Nervous System Chloroma as a Presenting Sign of Relapsed Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Journal Article J Pediatr Hematol Oncol · October 2018 Central nervous system (CNS) chloromas are an exceedingly rare presentation of CNS relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We report a relapsed ALL patient who presented with 2 separate chloromas and cerebrospinal fluid lymphoblastocytosis, and outl ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Current State of Radiology Call Assistant Triage Programs Among US Radiology Residency Programs.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · February 2018 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Given increasing volume and workflow interruptions in radiology, we sought to identify and characterize radiology call assistant triage (RCAT) programs among US radiology residency programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was cre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric providers and radiology examinations: knowledge and comfort levels regarding ionizing radiation and potential complications of imaging.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · December 2017 BACKGROUND: Pediatric providers should understand the basic risks of the diagnostic imaging tests they order and comfortably discuss those risks with parents. Appreciating providers' level of understanding is important to guide discussions and enhance rela ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric Chest CT Diagnostic Reference Ranges: Development and Application.

Journal Article Radiology · July 2017 Purpose To determine diagnostic reference ranges on the basis of the size of a pediatric patient's chest and to develop a method to estimate computed tomographic (CT) scanner-specific mean size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs) as a function of patient size ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recommendations to Reduce Diagnostic Radiology Resident Misrepresentation in Postinterview Communications.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · August 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Congenital duodenal obstruction: causes and imaging approach.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · July 2016 Bilious emesis is a common cause for evaluation in pediatric radiology departments. There are several causes of congenital duodenal obstruction, most of which require elective surgical correction, but the potential of malrotation with midgut volvulus deman ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ready or Not: Are Medical Students Prepared to Decide between Diagnostic Radiology and IR?

Journal Article J Vasc Interv Radiol · February 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Residency Postinterview Communications: More Harm Than Good?

Journal Article J Grad Med Educ · February 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Applicant to Residency Program Translation Guide.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · June 2015 Full text Link to item Cite

Survey of the incidence and effect of major life events on graduate medical education trainees.

Journal Article Med Educ Online · 2015 PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the incidence of major life events during graduate medical education (GME) training and to establish any associations with modifiable activities and career planning. METHODS: The authors surveyed graduating GME trainees f ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Survey of the incidence and effect of major life events on graduate medical education trainees.

Journal Article Med Educ Online · January 2015 Purpose This study aims to assess the incidence of major life events during graduate medical education (GME) training and to establish any associations with modifiable activities and career planning. Methods The authors surveyed graduating GME trainees fro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric imaging in global health radiology

Journal Article · October 1, 2014 The practice of pediatric radiology involves the imaging of infants, children, and adolescents. In addition to common disease processes that affect children in the developed and developing world alike, there are a myriad of disease processes that are speci ... Full text Cite

A proposal to reduce misrepresentation of medical student research activities in ERAS.

Journal Article Acad Med · June 2014 Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of an academic career on radiology residency applications.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · May 2014 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate radiology residency applications to determine if any variables are predictive of a future academic radiology career. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Application materials from 336 radiology residency graduates between 1993 and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ultimate publication rate of unpublished manuscripts listed on radiology residency applications at one institution.

Journal Article Acad Med · November 2013 PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the ultimate publication rate of unpublished manuscripts listed on radiology residency applications. METHOD: A retrospective review was performed on all 628 Electronic Residency Application Service applications su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of conventional and simulated reduced-tube current MDCT for evaluation of suspected appendicitis in the pediatric population.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · September 2013 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare CT with conventional and simulated reduced-tube current in the evaluation for acute appendicitis in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Validated noise-addition (tube current-reduction) software was used to ... Full text Link to item Cite

A pattern-based approach to bowel obstruction in the newborn.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · March 2013 Intestinal obstruction is common in newborns, and the radiologist plays a critical role in the care of these children. Diagnosing and managing the potentially obstructed newborn can be challenging, especially given the myriad underlying pathologies that ra ... Full text Link to item Cite