Scholars@Duke
Gerda G. Fillenbaum

Gerda G. Fillenbaum

Professor Emeritus in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Adult Psychiatry & Psychology
gerda.fillenbaum@duke.edu
Box 3003 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
0506 Busse Bldg, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Machine learning functional impairment classification with electronic health record data.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · September 2023 BACKGROUND: Poor functional status is a key marker of morbidity, yet is not routinely captured in clinical encounters. We developed and evaluated the accuracy of a machine learning algorithm that leveraged electronic health record (EHR) data to provide a s ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) Neuropsychology Assessment Battery: 35 Years and Counting.

Journal Article J Alzheimers Dis · 2023 BACKGROUND: In 1986, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was mandated to develop a brief neuropsychological assessment battery (CERAD-NAB) for AD, for uniform neuropsychological assessment, and information aggregation. In ... Full text Link to item Cite

Causal analysis identifies small HDL particles and physical activity as key determinants of longevity of older adults.

Journal Article EBioMedicine · November 2022 BACKGROUND: The hard endpoint of death is one of the most significant outcomes in both clinical practice and research settings. Our goal was to discover direct causes of longevity from medically accessible data. METHODS: Using a framework that combines loc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of Blood Chemistry Quantifications of Biological Aging With Disability and Mortality in Older Adults.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · September 16, 2020 Quantification of biological aging has been proposed for population surveillance of age-related decline in system integrity and evaluation of geroprotective therapies. However, methods of quantifying biological aging have been little studied in geriatric p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Determinants of Maintenance and Recovery of Function in a Representative Older Community-Resident Biracial Sample.

Journal Article J Am Med Dir Assoc · August 2020 OBJECTIVES: Focus on decline in performance of activities of daily living (ADL) has not been matched by studies of recovery of function. Advised by a broad conceptual model of physical resilience, we ascertain characteristics that identify (1) maintenance, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of mental health services by community-resident adults with DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a violence-prone area: São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · May 1, 2019 BACKGROUND: While under-use of mental health services by adults with anxiety and/or depression is well established, use in a violence-prone area, and as a function of diagnosis and personality characteristics such resilience, is little known. We examine th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Racial Differences in Change in Physical Functioning in Older Male Veterans with HIV.

Journal Article AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · 2019 Little is known about longitudinal change in physical functioning of older African American/Black and White HIV-infected persons. We examined up to 10 years of data on African American (N = 1,157) and White (N = 400) men with HIV infection and comparable H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validity and reliability of OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire in Iranian elderly

Journal Article Iranian Rehabilitation Journal · June 1, 2018 Objectives: The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire (MFAQ/OARS) in Iranian elderly. Methods: This non-experimental psychometric study utilized the Persia ... Full text Cite

12-month prevalence and concomitants of DSM-IV depression and anxiety disorders in two violence-prone cities in Brazil.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · May 2018 BACKGROUND: Estimating 12-month prevalence of depression, anxiety, and comorbid anxiety/depression in noninstitutionalized adults (age 15-75) in two violence-prone cities. METHODS: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview v2.1 (Portuguese), adminis ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Cumulative Deficit Laboratory Test-based Frailty Index: Personal and Neighborhood Associations.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · September 2017 OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between a newly developed cumulative laboratory-based frailty index (FI) and intrinsic (personal) and extrinsic (social, environmental) characteristics. DESIGN: Cross-sectional longitudinal study. SETTING: The third a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physical Performance Across the Adult Life Span: Correlates With Age and Physical Activity.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · April 1, 2017 BACKGROUND: A number of large-scale population studies have provided valuable information about physical performance in aged individuals; however, there is little information about trajectories of function and associations with age across the adult life sp ... Full text Link to item Cite

A New Method of Identifying Characteristics of Needing Help to Take Medications in an Older Representative Community-Dwelling Population: The Older Adults Medication Assist Scale.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · June 2016 OBJECTIVES: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and cognitive and functional status associated with baseline prevalence and new need for help taking medication 3 years later and to construct a brief scale indicative of nee ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Oral Health and Cognitive Status: A Systematic Review.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · April 2016 OBJECTIVES: To systematically review longitudinal studies examining the association between oral health and cognitive decline. DESIGN: Studies published between January 1993 and March 2013 were identified by search of English language publications in PubMe ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Novel Analytic Technique to Measure Associations Between Circulating Biomarkers and Physical Performance Across the Adult Life Span.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · February 2016 Understanding associations between circulating biomarkers and physical performance across the adult life span could aid in better describing mechanistic pathways leading to disability. We hypothesized that high concentrations of circulating biomarkers woul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of Co-Existing Impairments in Cognition and Self-Rated Vision and Hearing With Health Outcomes in Older Adults.

Journal Article Gerontol Geriatr Med · 2016 OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship of disability (activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL)), self-rated health (SRH), and 6-year mortality with co-existing impairments in vision (self-rated), hearing (self-rated) and/or cognition (S ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential characteristics of young and midlife adult users of psychotherapy, psychotropic medications, or both: information from a population representative sample in São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal Article BMC Psychiatry · October 29, 2015 OBJECTIVE: While the personal characteristics of users of psychotherapy and/or psychotropic medications have been examined, direct user comparison of these treatment approaches appears to be rare. Our aim is to ascertain extent of receipt of these services ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and correlates of physical inactivity among older adults in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2015 BACKGROUND: Current information on the epidemiology of physical inactivity among older adults is lacking, making it difficult to target the inactive and to plan for interventions to ameliorate adverse effects. OBJECTIVES: To present statewide representativ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of psychotherapy in a representative adult community sample in São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal Article J Nerv Ment Dis · September 2014 Little is known about the use of psychotherapy to treat common mental disorders in a major city in a middle-income country. Our data come from in-home interviews with a stratified random sample of 2000 community residents aged 18 to 65 years in the city of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors associated with antidepressant, anxiolytic, and other psychotropic medication use to treat psychiatric symptoms in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal Article Int Clin Psychopharmacol · May 2014 The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of adult psychotropic medication use in São Paulo, Brazil. Information on lifetime and 12-month psychotropic medication use, and psychiatric status was obtained from a representa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Visual, Auditory and Cognitive Impairments on Health Outcomes in Older Adults

Conference JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY · March 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

Trajectory classes of body mass index in a representative elderly community sample.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · June 2013 BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether distinct weight-related trajectory classes, differing in course, demographics, and health characteristics, exist in the elderly population. METHODS: Data came from the 10-year (1986-1996) Duke Established Populations for E ... Full text Link to item Cite

Apolipoprotein E genotype, cardiovascular biomarkers and risk of stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of 14,015 stroke cases and pooled analysis of primary biomarker data from up to 60,883 individuals.

Journal Article Int J Epidemiol · April 2013 BACKGROUND: At the APOE gene, encoding apolipoprotein E, genotypes of the ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles associated with higher LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are also associated with higher coronary risk. However, the association of APOE genotype with other cardiovascu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Albert Heyman, MD (1916–2012)

Journal Article Neurology · March 26, 2013 Full text Cite

The association of health and income in the elderly: experience from a southern state of Brazil.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2013 OBJECTIVES: In high income, developed countries, health status tends to improve as income increases, but primarily through the 50(th)-66(th) percentile of income. It is unclear whether the same limitation holds in middle income countries, and for both gene ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trajectory classes of depressive symptoms in a community sample of older adults.

Journal Article Acta Psychiatr Scand · June 2012 OBJECTIVE: To identify trajectories of depressive symptoms in older community residents. METHOD: Depressive symptomatology, based on a modified Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale, was obtained at years 0, 3, 6, and 10, in the Duke Establis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and concomitants of arthritis in the elderly in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2012 OBJECTIVES: Information on the prevalence and concomitants of arthritis in developing countries is sparse. It is unclear whether they are comparable to findings in developed countries. To ascertain the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and health-re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trajectory classes of depression in a randomized depression trial of heart failure patients: a reanalysis of the SADHART-CHF trial.

Journal Article Am J Geriatr Pharmacother · December 2011 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article was to determine whether, in drug intervention trials, growth mixture modeling (GMM) is able to identify drug-responsive trajectory classes that are not evident in traditional growth modeling approaches. METHODS: We ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relations of a marker of endothelial activation (s-VCAM) to function and mortality in community-dwelling older adults.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · December 2011 BACKGROUND: We wished to determine if a marker of endothelial dysfunction/activation soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (s-VCAM)-was related to functional status and mortality in community-dwelling older adults independent of the known effects of mark ... Full text Link to item Cite

Norms for CERAD constructional praxis recall.

Journal Article Clin Neuropsychol · November 2011 Recall of the four-item constructional praxis measure was a later addition to the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery. Norms for this measure, based on cognitively intact African Americans age ≥70 ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased health burden associated with comorbid depression in older Brazilians with diabetes.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · November 2011 BACKGROUND: The health burden associated with comorbid depression and diabetes in older community residents in middle income countries is unclear. METHODS: Data came from a statewide representative sample (N = 6963, age ≥ 60) in Brazil. Controlled polytomo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Black-white disparity in disability: the role of medical conditions.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · May 2011 OBJECTIVES: To describe the independent contributions of selected medical conditions to the disparity between black and white people in disability rates, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of a community ... Full text Link to item Cite

What the CERAD battery can tell us about executive function as a higher-order cognitive faculty

Journal Article Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · November 22, 2010 Executive function (EF) is believed to control or influence the integration and application of cognitive functions such as attention and memory and is an important area of research in cognitive aging. Recent studies and reviews have concluded that there is ... Full text Cite

Accuracy of self-reported height and weight in a community-based sample of older African Americans and whites.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · October 2010 BACKGROUND: To ascertain accuracy of self-reported height, weight (and hence body mass index) in African American and white women and men older than 70 years of age. METHOD: The sample consisted of cognitively intact participants at the third in-person wav ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and correlates of functional status in an older community--representative sample in Brazil.

Journal Article J Aging Health · April 2010 OBJECTIVE: Information on dependency level of elderly in rapidly aging developing countries is limited, but this is needed to ascertain the extent of need for help with activities of daily living (ADLs). METHOD: In-person information was obtained in 1995 f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trajectories of mobility and IADL function in older patients diagnosed with major depression.

Journal Article Int J Geriatr Psychiatry · January 2010 OBJECTIVE: Research has shown an association between depression and functional limitations in older adults. Our aim was to explore the latent traits of trajectories of limitations in mobility and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) tasks in a sa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identifying a national death index match.

Journal Article Am J Epidemiol · August 15, 2009 Data from the National Death Index (NDI) are frequently used to determine survival status in epidemiologic or clinical studies. On the basis of selected information submitted by the investigator, NDI returns a file containing a set of candidate matches. Al ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlates of lifetime alcohol misuse among older community residents in Brazil.

Journal Article Int Psychogeriatr · April 2009 BACKGROUND: Little is known about the sociodemographic correlates and health effects associated with lifetime alcohol misuse in community dwelling elderly people in Brazil. METHOD: Data were obtained from a representative sample of 6961 residents aged 60+ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Equity of access to outpatient care and hospitalization among older community residents in Brazil.

Journal Article Med Care · September 2008 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, as mandated by Brazilian law, health care (outpatient care, hospitalization) among older community residents is based on health-related criteria and not on other characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population ... Full text Link to item Cite

Frequency and predictors of adverse health outcomes in older Medicare beneficiaries discharged from the emergency department.

Journal Article Med Care · August 2008 BACKGROUND: Older adults who are discharged from the emergency department (ED) may be at risk for subsequent adverse outcomes; however, this has not been fully investigated in national, population-based samples. The goal of this study was to determine the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does lack of social support lead to more ED visits for older adults?

Journal Article Am J Emerg Med · May 2008 OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to (1) determine whether level of social support and living situation predicted emergency department (ED) use among older adults and (2) identify correlates of ED visits according to whether the patient was admitted ... Full text Link to item Cite

Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD): the first twenty years.

Journal Article Alzheimers Dement · March 2008 The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was funded by the National Institute on Aging in 1986 to develop standardized, validated measures for the assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present report describes the measur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Profiles of Functional Impairment in Older Patients Treated for Major Depression

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY · March 1, 2008 Link to item Cite

Home or nursing home: does place of residence affect longevity in patients with Alzheimer's disease? The experience of CERAD patients.

Journal Article Public Health Nurs · 2008 There is concern that life is curtailed when patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are institutionalized. To determine whether placement in a nursing home reduces their remaining years of life, we examined the experience of White patients with AD (n=890) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Geographical segregation and IL-6: a marker of chronic inflammation in older adults.

Journal Article Biomark Med · 2008 AIM: To examine environmental sociodemographic risks of high IL-6, a marker of chronic inflammation in older adults. METHODS: We spatially linked 1990 USA Census tract demographic and economic measures to a prospective cohort study of representative commun ... Full text Link to item Cite

Once validated, always validated?

Journal Article J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci · November 2007 Full text Link to item Cite

Depression morbidity in later life: prevalence and correlates in a developing country.

Journal Article Am J Geriatr Psychiatry · September 2007 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the one-month prevalence of depression morbidity and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, health and functional status, and use of health services in community residents aged 60 years and over in Brazil. METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Response to Dr. Denkinger et al. [12]

Journal Article Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · June 1, 2007 Full text Cite

Comparison of performance on the CERAD neuropsychological battery of hispanic patients and cognitively normal controls at two sites

Journal Article Clinical Gerontologist · April 12, 2007 Based on 88 non-demented controls and 140 AD patients enrolled at the University of Southern California, and 102 Spanish-speaking dementia patients at the University of Pennsylvania, we developed norms, stratified by disease severity, for the Spanish-langu ... Full text Cite

Health service use and outcome: comparison of low charge, integrated, comprehensive services with usual health care.

Journal Article Aging Ment Health · March 2007 We examined the effects of use of low charge, integrated and comprehensive health care services (Veterans Administration (VA) health care system) on health care service use and health-related outcomes. Data came from the 10-year (1986/87-1996/97) Duke Esta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of cancer screening and desirable health behaviors on functional status, self-rated health, health service use and mortality.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · January 2007 OBJECTIVES: To determine whether some health behaviors of older people (e.g., obtaining cancer screens) have a limited and others (e.g., exercise) have a broad association with population-level health status 4 to 6 years later. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Response letter to Dr. Cheng [2]

Journal Article Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · January 1, 2007 Full text Cite

Identifying frailty in hospitalized older adults with significant coronary artery disease.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · November 2006 OBJECTIVES: To characterize physiological variation in hospitalized older adults with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) and evaluate the prevalence of frailty in this sample, to determine whether single-item performance measures are good indicators of m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Provider characteristics related to antidepressant use in older people.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · June 2006 OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the characteristics of the usual medical care providers of older antidepressant users changed between 1986 and 1997 with the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Five ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sociodemographic characteristics of the neighborhood and depressive symptoms in older adults: using multilevel modeling in geriatric psychiatry.

Journal Article Am J Geriatr Psychiatry · June 2006 OBJECTIVE: Neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics may be important to the mental health of older adults who have decreased mobility and fewer resources. Our objective was to examine the association between neighborhood context and level of depressiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does social support predict emergency department utilization in older adults?

Conference JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY · April 1, 2006 Link to item Cite

Metabolic syndrome predicts mobility decline in a community-based sample of older adults.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · March 2006 OBJECTIVES: To determine whether metabolic syndrome is an independent predictor of decline in mobility in an elderly community sample. DESIGN: Biracial community-based prospective cohort study. SETTING: Urban and rural areas of central North Carolina. PART ... Full text Link to item Cite

Memory complaint is not necessary for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and does not predict 10-year trajectories of functional disability, word recall, or short portable mental status questionnaire limitations.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · February 2006 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and utility of memory complaint in a geographically representative cohort and, in cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to determine whether memory complaint alters 10-year trajectories of disability in activiti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dementia and Alzheimer's disease in community-dwelling elders taking vitamin C and/or vitamin E.

Journal Article Ann Pharmacother · December 2005 BACKGROUND: Since increased oxidative stress may impair cognition and be a risk factor for dementia, there has been interest in determining whether use of antioxidants could protect against such events. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether supplement use of vit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mild cognitive impairment and 10-year trajectories of disability in the Iowa Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly cohort.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · November 2005 OBJECTIVES: To apply diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to a geographically representative sample, to estimate the prevalence of MCI, and to estimate 10-year trajectories of incident disability for cognitively intact participants and s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medication use and control of urination among community-dwelling older adults.

Journal Article J Aging Health · October 2005 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the use of medications with urological activity (UA) is associated with self-reported difficulty in control of urination. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Duke Establis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modeling association in longitudinal binary outcomes: a brief review.

Journal Article Aging Ment Health · May 2005 In order to better understand aging, longitudinal studies are run in which participants are evaluated repeatedly and selected end-points (e.g., score on a cognitive screen, falls, occurrence/reoccurrence of a condition) are examined. The objective of the p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of antidepressant use among older adults: have they changed over time?

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · April 2005 OBJECTIVE: Antidepressant use increased substantially among older adults with the introduction of the new-generation medications such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The authors analyzed data from two follow-up intervals-1986-1987 to 1989-1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance on the CERAD neuropsychology battery of two samples of Japanese-American elders: norms for persons with and without dementia.

Journal Article J Int Neuropsychol Soc · March 2005 Norms for cognitive measures used to assess dementia are scant for minority groups, in particular for older Japanese Americans. Using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Neuropsychology Battery, we compared the baseline p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Asking family about memory loss. Is it helpful?

Journal Article J Gen Intern Med · January 2005 OBJECTIVE: To compare a family informant's report of memory loss in an older family member to standardized clinical diagnoses of cognitive impairment. SETTING: Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE), a 10-year longitu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Histamine2 receptor antagonist use and decline in cognitive function among community dwelling elderly.

Journal Article Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf · November 2004 PURPOSE: Previous studies have reported mixed results regarding the use of histamine(2) receptor antagonist use and cognitive function. This study evaluated the relationship between the use of histamine(2) receptor antagonists and cognitive decline among c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is the APOE ε4 allele a risk to person-environment fit?

Journal Article Journal of Applied Gerontology · September 1, 2004 This study uses Lawton's model of "the good life " to examine whether the Apolipoprotein E-ε4 genotype functions as a risk factor not only for specific diseases but also for a misfit between elders' personal needs and their physical and social environments ... Full text Cite

Impact of inappropriate drug use on health services utilization among representative older community-dwelling residents.

Journal Article Am J Geriatr Pharmacother · June 2004 BACKGROUND: There is limited objective information regarding the impact of drugs identified as inappropriate by drug utilization review (DUR) or the Beers drugs-to-avoid criteria on health service use. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine the p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Black-white differences in antidepressant use in an elderly community sample.

Conference JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY · April 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Antidiabetic drug therapy of African-American and white community-dwelling elderly over a 10-year period.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · December 2003 OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and predictors of antidiabetic medication use over a 10-year period in a general population of African-American and white community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Five adjacent counties (one urban and fou ... Full text Link to item Cite

APOE epsilon4 as a predictor of subjective quality of life in a biracial older person community sample.

Journal Article J Aging Health · November 2003 UNLABELLED: The epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been associated with health-related outcomes that may adversely affect quality of life (QOL) in older adults. In the absence of published information, we sought to determine whether the epsilon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of methods for analyzing longitudinal binary outcomes: cognitive status as an example.

Journal Article Aging Ment Health · November 2003 Longitudinal data generate correlated observations. Ignoring correlation can lead to incorrect estimation of standard errors, resulting in incorrect inferences of parameters. In the example used here, standard logistic regression, a population-averaged (PA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alternative statistical approaches to identifying dementia in a community-dwelling sample.

Journal Article Aging Ment Health · September 2003 Little attention has been paid to examining the extent to which alternative statistical models may facilitate identification of persons with dementia. Using a sub-sample of the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, two anal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laxative use in the community-dwelling elderly.

Journal Article Am J Geriatr Pharmacother · September 2003 BACKGROUND: Constipation, a common and sometimes severe problem in the elderly, is often treated with laxatives. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of laxative use and identify determinants of such use among representative ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is antioxidant use protective of cognitive function in the community-dwelling elderly?

Journal Article Am J Geriatr Pharmacother · September 2003 BACKGROUND: The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diseases such as macular degeneration, certain types of cancer, and Alzheimer's disease has received much attention. Thus, there is considerable interest in the potential contribution of antio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mortality and apolipoprotein E in African-American, and White elders: an attempted replication.

Journal Article Am J Med Genet A · June 1, 2003 We have tried, with only partial success, to confirm findings in a recently reported study in this journal on the relationship of APOE genotype to mortality in community representative Hispanics (n = 659), Whites (n = 272), and African-Americans (n = 450), ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is the APOE epsilon4 genotype associated with higher hospital costs among elderly patients?

Journal Article Am J Geriatr Psychiatry · 2003 OBJECTIVE: The apolipoprotein epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) genotype is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. The authors assessed whether the epsilon4 genotype was associated with higher hospital costs on the basis of data from 1,999 white or bl ... Link to item Cite

Assessing risk factors for mortality in elderly White and African American people: implications of alternative analyses.

Journal Article Gerontologist · December 2002 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the determinants of death differ as a function of type of analysis in a representative sample of older African American and White people with comparable mortality rates. DESIGN AND METHODS: Participan ... Full text Link to item Cite

The accuracy of medicare claims data in identifying Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article J Clin Epidemiol · September 2002 We linked Medicare claims data to information on 417 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) to determine what proportion of them were identified as having Alzheime ... Full text Link to item Cite

Falls in African American and white community-dwelling elderly residents.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · July 2002 BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship of race to falls. This study evaluated the association between potential risk factors and falls in a representative sample of 1049 African American and 1947 white participants of the second in-person w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and risk of mortality in African American and white older community residents.

Journal Article Gerontologist · June 2002 PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine whether the epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E is predictive of mortality in a community-based sample. DESIGN AND METHODS: Of the stratified random household sample of 4,162 participants age 65 years and ol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is antioxidant use protective for cognitive function among community dwelling elderly?

Conference JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY · April 1, 2002 Link to item Cite

Relationship of race/ethnicity and blood pressure to change in cognitive function.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · March 2002 OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences regarding the relationship of level of blood pressure to change in cognitive function in older people. DESIGN: Longitudinal data 1986 to 1989 on representative, older, community-residing ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensitivity and specificity of cognitive and functional screening instruments for dementia: the Indo-U.S. Dementia Epidemiology Study.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · March 2002 There is a shortage of adequate screening instruments for dementia in poorly educated populations and non-English-speaking groups. An epidemiological survey was conducted in a population-based, largely illiterate, sample of 5,126 individuals aged 55 and ol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of inappropriate drug use on mortality and functional status in representative community dwelling elders.

Journal Article Med Care · February 2002 BACKGROUND: The predictive validity of Drug Utilization Review (DUR) and drugs-to-avoid criteria in elders is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between use of inappropriate drugs as determined by these explicit criteria and mortality and de ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of inappropriate prescription drugs by older people.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · January 2002 OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and predictors of inappropriate drug prescribing defined by expert national consensus panel drug utilization review criteria for community-dwelling older people. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Five adjacent urban and rural ... Full text Link to item Cite

APOE epsilon4 and low cholesterol as risks for depression in a biracial elderly community sample.

Journal Article Am J Geriatr Psychiatry · 2002 OBJECTIVE: The epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein (APOE) is known to be associated with a number of adverse health outcomes, yet the association of the allele with depression has not been conclusively determined. The authors explored the hypothesis that the ... Link to item Cite

The APOE-E4 allele and the risk of functional decline in a community sample of African American and white older adults.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · December 2001 BACKGROUND: Given previous findings of adverse health outcomes associated with the E4 allele, data from a biracial community sample of older adults were used to determine whether functional decline is associated with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 allele. ... Full text Link to item Cite

The relationship of APOE genotype to cognitive functioning in older African-American and Caucasian community residents.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · September 2001 OBJECTIVES: To determine whether cognitive decline associated with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele is different in older African Americans than it is in Caucasians. DESIGN: Performance on a brief screen of cognitive functioning was examined at ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use and cost of outpatient visits of AD patients: CERAD XXII.

Journal Article Neurology · June 26, 2001 OBJECTIVE: To determine the probability, frequency, and cost of outpatient visits of patients with AD in the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) as a function of stage of dementia and institutional status. METHODS: Clinical i ... Full text Link to item Cite

In-home assessment of dementia by nurses: experience using the CERAD evaluations. Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease.

Journal Article Gerontologist · June 2001 PURPOSE OF STUDY: To maximize respondent participation in a study of the prevalence, incidence, and natural history of dementia. DESIGN AND METHODS: Clinical research nurses were trained to carry out evaluations for dementia in the home. We describe the as ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance of elderly African American and White community residents on the CERAD Neuropsychological Battery.

Journal Article J Int Neuropsychol Soc · May 2001 The CERAD Neuropsychological Battery, includes 7 measures: Verbal Fluency; Modified Boston Naming; Mini-Mental State: Word List Learning, Recall and Recognition; Constructional Praxis. It was originally developed to evaluate patients with a clinical diagno ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inappropriate drug prescribing, mortality and functional status decline in community dwelling elders.

Journal Article JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY · April 1, 2001 Link to item Cite

Use and cost of hospitalization of patients with AD by stage and living arrangement: CERAD XXI.

Journal Article Neurology · January 23, 2001 OBJECTIVE: To determine the probability, frequency, length of stay, and Medicare costs of hospitalization of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized patients with AD at various stages of dementia. METHODS: The authors analyzed the 1991 to 1995 Medicare ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of estrogen use on decline in cognitive function in a representative sample of older community-resident women.

Journal Article Am J Epidemiol · January 15, 2001 The authors investigated whether postmenopausal estrogen use helps to maintain cognitive function; a brief screen, the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), was used. Information was gathered from a stratified, random sample of 1,907 African- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology of over-the-counter drug use in community dwelling elderly: United States perspective.

Journal Article Drugs Aging · 2001 Among US community dwelling individuals aged > or = 65 years, about as many persons take nonprescription drugs as take prescription drugs. A review of US data from the last 2 decades indicates that the average number of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs taken d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inappropriate drug use among community-dwelling elderly.

Journal Article Pharmacotherapy · May 2000 This study examined inappropriate drug use defined by updated criteria among respondents in the second and third in-person waves of the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Information about sociodemographics, health statu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Frequency and duration of hospitalization of patients with AD based on Medicare data: CERAD XX.

Journal Article Neurology · February 8, 2000 Medicare records on 477 Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease patients with AD for 1991 through 1995 showed a hospitalization rate of 0.37/person-year with a length of stay of 3.7 days/ person-year (average of 10 days/hospitalization). ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of race and health-related factors on naming and memory. The MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging.

Journal Article J Aging Health · February 2000 OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the analyses was to examine the impact of health-related variables on race differences in neuropsychological functioning (Boston Naming Task). METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from the MacArthur Successful Aging Study, the aut ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comorbidity of five chronic health conditions in elderly community residents: determinants and impact on mortality.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · February 2000 BACKGROUND: Comorbidity is common in elderly persons. Its extent, correlates, and life-threatening impact in representative community residents are unclear. METHODS: Self-reported information of physician-diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variability in annual Mini-Mental State Examination score in patients with probable Alzheimer disease: a clinical perspective of data from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · July 1999 OBJECTIVE: To determine the variability in annual Mini-Mental State Examination scores of patients with Alzheimer disease enrolled in the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). PATIENTS: A total of 372 patients with probable Al ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease with pure Alzheimer's disease: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, Part XIX.

Journal Article Neurology · June 10, 1999 OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical, neuropsychological, and neuropathologic findings in patients with AD alone with those in patients with the Lewy body variant of AD (LBV). BACKGROUND: Prior studies indicate that patients with LBV not only have distinct c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of an activities of daily living scale to screen for dementia in an illiterate rural older population in India.

Journal Article Age Ageing · March 1999 OBJECTIVE: to develop a measure of activities of daily living appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in illiterate rural elderly people in India. DESIGN: identification of relevant items, pre-testing of items and refinement of administra ... Full text Link to item Cite

Determinants of attrition in a natural history study of Alzheimer disease.

Journal Article Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord · 1999 The aim of the present study was to identify determinants of attrition in a natural history study of a tertiary care sample of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and control subjects. A longitudinal study was performed with 978 patients with AD and 466 c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Equivalence of two screens of cognitive functioning: the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and the Orientation-Memory-Concentration test.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · December 1998 OBJECTIVE: To determine the equivalence of two screens of cognitive functioning: the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) and the Orientation-Memory-Concentration (OMC) test. DESIGN: The design was cross-sectional and longitudinal. SETTING: F ... Full text Link to item Cite

Benzodiazepine use and cognitive function among community-dwelling elderly.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacol Ther · December 1998 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between benzodiazepine use and cognitive function among community-dwelling elderly. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 2765 self-reporting subjects from the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Stu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developing a summary measure of medical status.

Journal Article Aging (Milano) · October 1998 Health status surveys and assessments typically obtain detailed information on specific physical health conditions. While such specific details are important, it is frequently also valuable to have a summarized evaluation of medical conditions which can be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Private health insurance coverage and disability among older Americans.

Journal Article J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci · September 1998 OBJECTIVES: This study examines the relationship between the lack of private supplemental health insurance coverage and the development of disability among adults aged 65 and older. METHODS: Data are from the baseline and six follow-up waves of the Duke Es ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inappropriate medication use among community dwelling elderly residents.

Journal Article JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY · September 1, 1998 Link to item Cite

Cerebral infarcts in patients with autopsy-proven Alzheimer's disease: CERAD, part XVIII. Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease.

Journal Article Neurology · July 1998 OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between cerebral infarction and clinical and neuropsychologic manifestations in patients with autopsy-proven Alzheimer's disease (AD) enrolled in the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). BACKG ... Full text Link to item Cite

The prevalence and 3-year incidence of dementia in older Black and White community residents.

Journal Article J Clin Epidemiol · July 1998 OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and 3-year incidence of dementia in Blacks and Whites age 65 and older in a five-county Piedmont area of North Carolina. DESIGN: Stratified random sample of members of the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medication use patterns among demented, cognitively impaired and cognitively intact community-dwelling elderly people.

Journal Article Age Ageing · July 1998 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether medication use patterns in community-dwelling elderly people vary with level of cognitive function-dementia, cognitive impairment (but not dementia) and intact cognition. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: A five-count ... Full text Link to item Cite

Progression of Alzheimer's disease in black and white patients: the CERAD experience, part XVI. Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease.

Journal Article Neurology · July 1998 We compared the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in CERAD-enrolled black and white patients, as indicated by changes in selected clinical and neuropsychology measures, over a 1-year time interval. Of 225 black and 935 white AD patients who were enro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Typology of Alzheimer's disease: Findings from CERAD data

Journal Article Aging and Mental Health · January 1, 1998 To identify heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) we analyzed clinical and neuropsychological data obtained from the first 718 AD patients submitted to the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). These patients, who met stri ... Full text Cite

Inappropriate medication use among community dwelling elderly residents.

Journal Article JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY · 1998 Cite

Gender and risk of disability among older persons: a longitudinal study in four US communities.

Conference JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY · September 1, 1997 Link to item Cite

Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease: development, database structure, and selected findings.

Journal Article Top Health Inf Manage · August 1997 The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was funded in 1986 by the National Institute on Aging to develop standardized assessments for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since that time, CERAD has developed and evaluated ... Link to item Cite

The relationship between extrapyramidal signs and cognitive performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease enrolled in the CERAD Study. Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease.

Journal Article Neurology · July 1997 The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of extrapyramidal signs and the severity of cognitive and functional impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Eleven university medical centers in the United St ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential relationships of risk factors to alternative measures of disability.

Journal Article J Aging Health · May 1997 The purpose of this article was to determine whether risk factors for four dimensions of disability differ and whether it is legitimate to use aggregated disability measures in risk factor analyses. Using data from the baseline Duke Established Populations ... Full text Link to item Cite

Memory complaint as a predictor of cognitive decline: a comparison of African American and White elders.

Journal Article J Aging Health · May 1997 Of a representative, racially mixed community sample of older adults in North Carolina, 59% of Whites and 49% of African Americans reported worsening memory. The complaint about memory was positively correlated with age, depressive symptomatology, and phys ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of time to institutionalization of patients with Alzheimer's disease: the CERAD experience, part XVII.

Journal Article Neurology · May 1997 We studied the time to institutionalization (or death as the first event) in 727 white patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) enrolled in the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). At the time of analysis, 417 patients had been ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance of elderly White and African American community residents on the abbreviated CERAD Boston Naming Test.

Journal Article J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · April 1997 Differences in the responses of an elderly biracial group of cognitively normal subjects to a 15-item short version of the Boston Naming Test developed for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) were examined. The subjects c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Black-white differences in risk of becoming disabled and recovering from disability in old age: a longitudinal analysis of two EPESE populations.

Journal Article Am J Epidemiol · March 15, 1997 This study compared the odds of becoming disabled and recovering from disability among blacks and whites aged 65 years and over in two sites of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) project. The authors examined the i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relation of prescription nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use to cognitive function among community-dwelling elderly.

Journal Article Ann Epidemiol · February 1997 PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use to level of cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly persons. METHODS: The prospective cohort study included 2765 nonproxy subjects from the Duke University Est ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estimating the validity of the clinical Dementia Rating Scale: the CERAD experience. Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease.

Journal Article Aging (Milano) · December 1996 The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale is broadly accepted by clinicians as a staging measure for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extensive assessment of its validity is, however, lacking. We examined the concurrent and predictive validity of both summary CDR ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychometric characteristics of the Mini-Mental State Examination in patients with Alzheimer's disease - A grade of membership analysis of CERAD data: Part II

Journal Article International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · June 1, 1996 In order to determine whether the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assesses multiple areas of cognitive functioning, a grade of membership analysis, carried out initially on data from a representative sample of community residents, was repeated on data ... Full text Cite

Factors predicting change in prescription and nonprescription drug use in a community-residing black and white elderly population.

Journal Article J Clin Epidemiol · May 1996 The current study identifies characteristics that predict change in use of prescription and nonprescription drugs over a period of 3 years. A modified health care services use model was applied to information obtained from a probability-based sample of bla ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is medication use by community-dwelling elderly people influenced by cognitive function?

Journal Article Age Ageing · May 1996 To determine whether medication use differs by cognitive status among community dwelling elderly, a survey was made of a stratified random sample of 4110 black and white participants, aged 65 or older from the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychometric characteristics of the Mini-Mental State Examination in a community population - A grade of membership analysis: Part I

Journal Article International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · May 1, 1996 The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a brief, widely used measure of cognitive status, was designed to assess functioning in five areas (orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall and language). Using a grade of membership analysis, ... Full text Cite

Analysis of change in self-reported physical function among older persons in four population studies.

Journal Article Am J Epidemiol · April 15, 1996 Change in self-reported physical function was examined using baseline and 5 years of follow-up data between 1982 and 1991 from the four Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly studies. In East Boston, Massachusetts (n = 3,809), Iow ... Full text Link to item Cite

The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). Part XIV: Demographic and clinical predictors of survival in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article Neurology · March 1996 We made follow-up observations on 1,036 Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) enrolled in 21 university medical centers in the United States. Evaluations were scheduled annually for as lon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Weight change in Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · March 1996 PURPOSE: To determine the natural history of weight change and the occurrence of clinically significant weight loss in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Subjects with AD and cognitively normal older controls were recruited from ... Full text Link to item Cite

The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part XIII. Obtaining autopsy in Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article Neurology · January 1996 Although autopsy rates in the United States have been decreasing steadily, the necessity for brain autopsy to confirm Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains. Of 308 consecutively deceased AD patients at 24 CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer' ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of nutritional supplement use by the elderly.

Journal Article Pharmacotherapy · 1996 We conducted a population survey to describe patterns and determine predictors of the use of nutritional supplements and single-ingredient vitamins and minerals among elderly living in five adjacent urban and rural counties in the Piedmont area of North Ca ... Link to item Cite

Factors associated with suboptimal analgesic use in community-dwelling elderly.

Journal Article Ann Pharmacother · 1996 OBJECTIVE: To examine patterns and factors associated with overall and suboptimal analgesic use among community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Five-county urban and rural region in Piedmont, NC. PARTICIPANTS: A stratified random ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical and neuropsychological differences between patients with earlier and later onset of Alzheimer's disease: A CERAD analysis, Part XII.

Journal Article Neurology · January 1996 To determine whether the age of the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to the expression and rate of decline of this disorder, we examined the clinical and neuropsychological performance of 421 patients entered into the Consortium to Establish a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuropsychological test performance in African-American and white patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article Neurology · December 1995 Little information exists on the performance of black versus white patients with Alzheimer's disease on neuropsychological tests for dementia. In this study, we compared performance on the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part IX. A prospective cliniconeuropathologic study of Parkinson's features in Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article Neurology · November 1995 Although extrapyramidal signs such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural impairment frequently occur in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the correlation of these parkinsonian manifestations with the neuropathologic changes of Parkinson's disease ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Health services access and use among older adults in North Carolina: urban vs rural residents.

Journal Article Am J Public Health · October 1995 OBJECTIVES: This study compared health service use and satisfaction with health care among older adults living in urban vs rural counties in North Carolina. METHODS: A stratified random sample of 4162 residents of one urban and four rural counties of North ... Full text Link to item Cite

Black-white and urban-rural differences in stability of household composition among elderly persons.

Journal Article J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci · September 1995 The dynamic nature of household composition in a population of elderly persons, with particular focus on Black-White and urban-rural differences, is described in this study. The Duke EPESE is a stratified, random household sample (N = 4,162) of elderly per ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease. The Behavioral Pathology Committee of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · September 1995 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to develop a standardized instrument, the Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia, for rating psychopathology in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and to conduct a multicenter pilot study of this instrument. METH ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional disability among elderly blacks and whites in two diverse areas: the New Haven and North Carolina EPESE. Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly.

Journal Article Am J Public Health · July 1995 This study examines the prevalence of functional disability (limitation in at least one basic activity of daily living) among elderly Black and White community residents in the New Haven (n = 2812) and North Carolina (n = 4162) sites of the Established Pop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Translation of clinical and neuropsychological instruments into French: the CERAD experience.

Journal Article Age Ageing · November 1994 The increasing number of international and epidemiological studies of Alzheimer's disease points to the need for linguistically equivalent translations of measures for identifying the presence, types, and severity of dementia in cross-cultural populations. ... Full text Link to item Cite

The comprehensive assessment of community dwelling elderly: why functional status is not enough.

Journal Article Aging (Milano) · October 1994 The present study attempts to determine empirically the relationship of measures of functional status to other domains common to geriatric assessment, and to ascertain whether functional status can substitute for other domains of clinical assessment. A com ... Full text Link to item Cite

Discrimination between stages of Alzheimer's disease with subsets of Mini-Mental State Examination items. An analysis of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease data.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · September 1994 OBJECTIVE: To identify minimal sets of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) items that can distinguish normal control subjects from patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with mild from those with moderate AD, and those with moderate from th ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part VI. Family history assessment: a multicenter study of first-degree relatives of Alzheimer's disease probands and nondemented spouse controls.

Journal Article Neurology · July 1994 Although familial factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are well established, uniform family-history assessment in genetic and epidemiologic studies of AD is needed to reconcile the divergent estimates of the cumulative risk of this illness among relatives o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of spouse and nonkin controls: the experience of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD).

Journal Article Aging (Milano) · June 1994 Normal spouses may be an excellent source of control subjects in research on noninstitutionalized Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. To determine to what extent spouses might differ from nonkin controls, we compared information on 145 spouses of AD patients w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nutrition and function: is there a relationship between body mass index and the functional capabilities of community-dwelling elderly?

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · April 1994 OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a relationship between body mass index and the ability to perform the usual activities of living in a sample of community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of The National Health and Nutrition Examination ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part V. A normative study of the neuropsychological battery.

Journal Article Neurology · April 1994 The neuropsychological tests developed for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) are currently used to measure cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical investigations of this disorder. This report prese ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of education with incidence of cognitive impairment in three established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly.

Journal Article J Clin Epidemiol · April 1994 We analyzed the association of education, occupation, and sex with incidence of cognitive impairment using data from three communities in the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) projects (New Haven, East Boston, and Iow ... Full text Link to item Cite

The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). Part IV. Rates of cognitive change in the longitudinal assessment of probable Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article Neurology · December 1993 Reliable information on rate of progression of cognitive impairment in probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for evaluating possible beneficial effects of therapeutic agents and in planning long-term care for patients with this chronic illness. Ho ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prescription and nonprescription drug use among black and white community-residing elderly.

Journal Article Am J Public Health · November 1993 OBJECTIVES: To examine and compare concomitants of prescription and nonprescription drug use of Black and White community-dwelling elderly. METHODS: Information on prescription and nonprescription drug use, demographic and health characteristics, and use o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk due to inactivity in physically capable older adults.

Journal Article Am J Public Health · October 1993 OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between recreational physical activity among physically capable older adults and functional status, incidence of selected chronic conditions, and mortality over 3 and 6 years. METHODS: Data are from three sit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Educational status and active life expectancy among older blacks and whites.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · July 8, 1993 BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Persons of low socioeconomic status are known to have reduced life expectancy. In a study of the relation of socioeconomic status to disability-free or active life expectancy among older persons, we analyzed prospectively gathered d ... Full text Link to item Cite

PREDICTING CHANGE IN HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION FROM FUNCTIONAL STATUS

Conference RECENT ADVANCES IN AGING SCIENCE, VOLS I AND II · January 1, 1993 Link to item Cite

Drug-use patterns among black and nonblack community-dwelling elderly.

Journal Article Ann Pharmacother · May 1992 OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare drug-use patterns among black and nonblack community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Five-county urban and rural region in Piedmont, NC. PARTICIPANTS: Stratified probability household sample of 4164 community r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Drug Use Patterns in Black and Non-black Community Dwelling Elderly.

Journal Article The Annals of Pharmacotherapy · 1992 Cite

Estimated prevalence of dementia among elderly black and white community residents.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · June 1991 A stratified random sample of 83 black and 81 white community residents aged 65 years and older in a five-county area in the Piedmont region of North Carolina was evaluated for dementia, using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Thir ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ratings of personality change in patients being evaluated for memory disorders.

Journal Article Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord · 1991 Caregivers of 35 mildly to moderately memory-impaired patients rated current and premorbid personalities with the NEO Personality Inventory. We then examined changes in the five domains of personality tapped by the NEO. There were significant changes in fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensitivity and specificity of standardized screens of cognitive impairment and dementia among elderly black and white community residents.

Journal Article J Clin Epidemiol · 1990 Six standardized published measures of cognitive function were evaluated as screens of dementia in a sample of 164 (83 black, 81 white) community residents aged 65 and over selected from the Duke University EPESE (Established Populations for Epidemiologic ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article Neurology · September 1989 The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) has developed brief, comprehensive, and reliable batteries of clinical and neuropsychological tests for assessment of patients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). W ... Full text Link to item Cite

REALISTIC EXPECTATIONS FOR LONG LIFE - LESSNOFFCARAVAGLIA,G

Journal Article EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY · January 1, 1989 Link to item Cite

Scoring nonresponse on the Mini-Mental State Examination.

Journal Article Psychol Med · November 1988 Alternative procedures for coding nonresponse on the Mini-Mental State Examination as error or as correct) results in different classification of 13% of a random sample of 1931 subjects aged 60 and over. Comparison of responders' and nonresponders' ability ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of health and demographic characteristics to Mini-Mental State examination score among community residents.

Journal Article Psychol Med · August 1988 Mini-Mental State findings from an age 60+ random community sample (N = 1681) indicate that score is related to education, age and race (but not sex) and to functional status, but not to selected aspects of physical or mental health. Adjustment for demogra ... Full text Link to item Cite

Scoring Nonresponse on the Mini Mental State Examination

Journal Article Psychological Medicine · 1988 Cite

Comparison of two screening tests in Alzheimer's disease. The correlation and reliability of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the modified Blessed test.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · September 1987 The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Blessed Orientation-Memory-Concentration test (BOMC), a six-item derivative of the Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration Test, were each administered to 36 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer' ... Full text Link to item Cite

Screening the elderly. A brief instrumental activities of daily living measure.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · October 1985 Although multidimensional functional assessment may be the route of choice in determining the personal status of the elderly and the services they need, the majority of the elderly are well and competent, making it hard to justify routine extensive assessm ... Full text Link to item Cite

OARS methodology. A decade of experience in geriatric assessment.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · September 1985 The Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) methodology was designed to assess functional capacity in five dimensions (social resources, economic resources, mental health, physical health, and activities of daily living) and to measure use of and nee ... Full text Link to item Cite

The OARS Methodology: A Decade of Experience in Geriatric Assessment

Journal Article Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1985 Cite

Determinants and consequences of retirement among men of different races and economic levels.

Journal Article J Gerontol · January 1985 Data from two national longitudinal studies of older workers were examined in order to compare the determinants and consequences of retirement for white and black men, and for poverty, marginal, and upper economic level men. The number of categories import ... Full text Link to item Cite

FUNCTIONAL IMPACT OF LIVING IN A LIFECARE FACILITY

Conference GERONTOLOGIST · January 1, 1985 Link to item Cite

Sex differences in the antecedents and consequences of retirement.

Journal Article J Gerontol · May 1984 The purpose of this paper was to compare the antecedents and consequences of retirement among men and women. Data were analyzed from two surveys: the Retirement History Study (N for analysis = 1845) and the Duke Second Longitudinal Study (N = 235). The pre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Change in household composition of the elderly: a preliminary investigation.

Journal Article J Gerontol · May 1984 Selected environmental and life-cycle determinants of change in household composition were examined using longitudinal data. Although cross-sectional analysis would suggest that 12% of a random sample of 276 older community residents had experienced a chan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Consequences of retirement.

Journal Article J Gerontol · January 1984 Six longitudinal data sets were used to examine the consequences of retirement controlling for preretirement characteristics. Results show (a) about one-half to three-fourths of income differences between retired and working men was caused by retirement; ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

The wellbeing of the elderly. Approaches to multidipensional assessment

Journal Article World Health Organization Offset Publication · January 1, 1984 Cite

WOMENS RETIREMENT - POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF RECENT RESEARCH - SZINOVACZ,M

Journal Article JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY · January 1, 1984 Link to item Cite

THE AGING NETWORK - PROGRAMS AND SERVICES, 2ND EDITION - GELFAND,DE

Journal Article EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY · January 1, 1984 Link to item Cite

Predictors of retirement.

Journal Article J Gerontol · November 1982 Predictors of retirement among men were analyzed using data from seven longitudinal studies, multiple definitions of retirement, multivariate analyses, and unbiased statistical techniques. Results show that the predictors of retirement vary depending on ho ... Full text Link to item Cite

The development, validity, and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire.

Journal Article J Gerontol · July 1981 This report outlines the development, validity, and reliability of Part A of the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire. Part A permits assessment of individuals' functioning on each of five dimensions (social, economic, mental health, p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Change in functional disability of geriatric patients in a family medicine program: implications for patient care.

Journal Article J Fam Pract · January 1981 Multi-dimensional functional impairments of a sample of 130 new patients, aged 60 years and older, at a family medicine center were previously described. Of these, 48 persons representing the combinations of impairment originally present were selected by m ... Link to item Cite

Extending the Uses of the LRHS Data Set

Journal Article Public Use Data · 1979 Cite

HELP YOURSELF TO A JOB - GUIDE FOR RETIREES - WINTER,D

Journal Article EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY · January 1, 1979 Link to item Cite

The longitudinal retirement history study: Methodological and substantive issues

Journal Article Gerontologist · January 1, 1979 The Social Security Administration's Longitudinal Retirement History Study, which is designed to study the process and impact of retirement in the U.S., is described briefly. Particular attention is paid to the sample, the information obtained and its reli ... Full text Cite

An examination of the vulnerability hypothesis.

Journal Article Int J Aging Hum Dev · 1977 Follow-up information from three groups of older persons (community residents, clinic clients, the institutionalized) confirms and extends data presented by Yolmans and Yarrow [1] indicating that increasing interdependence among different areas of function ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Mini-Mult: a cautionary note.

Journal Article J Consult Clin Psychol · October 1976 Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of a training program: older persons caring for the elderly

Journal Article Industrial Gerontology · January 1, 1976 Older persons trained to care for the fragile elderly later had more employment at higher pay than similar persons who had not yet been trained. Though graduates of the program had to curtail their social lives and their health problems became more evident ... Cite

The working retired.

Journal Article J Gerontol · January 1971 Full text Link to item Cite

Heider's Theory of Balance: Internal Distinctions and Populational Generality

Journal Article Human Relations · January 1, 1968 Heider's theory of balance was examined in order to determine whether the differ- entiations of entities and of relations made in this theory are necessary, and whether preference for the balanced state (PB) is general over different classes of subjects. 2 ... Full text Cite