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James Jung

James Jung

Assistant Professor of Surgery
Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery

Selected Publications

Clinician interaction with artificial intelligence systems: a narrative review

Journal Article Journal of Medical Artificial Intelligence · September 30, 2025 Background and Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) has potential to significantly enhance healthcare systems by improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and operational efficiency. Despite these advantages, AI adoption in clinical practice re ... Full text Cite

The Obesity Paradox Revisited: Is Obesity Still a Protective Factor for Patients With High Comorbidity Burden or High-Complexity Procedures?

Journal Article Annals of Surgery Open · December 17, 2024 Objective:To investigate the relationship between obesity and postoperative mortality in the context of high procedural complexity and comorbidity burden. ... Full text Cite

Assessment of guidelines for bariatric and metabolic surgery: a systematic review and evaluation using appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation II (AGREE II).

Journal Article Int J Obes (Lond) · September 2024 BACKGROUND: In recent years, multiple guidelines on bariatric and metabolic surgery were published, however, their quality remains unknown, leaving providers with uncertainty when using them to make perioperative decisions. This study aims to evaluate the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does routine upper gastrointestinal swallow study after metabolic and bariatric surgery lead to earlier diagnosis of leak?

Journal Article Surg Obes Relat Dis · August 2024 BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether routine upper gastrointestinal swallow study (SS) in the immediate postoperative period is associated with earlier diagnosis of gastrointestinal leak after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship betw ... Full text Link to item Cite

Harnessing artificial intelligence in bariatric surgery: comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4, Bing, and Bard in generating clinician-level bariatric surgery recommendations.

Journal Article Surg Obes Relat Dis · July 2024 BACKGROUND: The formulation of clinical recommendations pertaining to bariatric surgery is essential in guiding healthcare professionals. However, the extensive and continuously evolving body of literature in bariatric surgery presents considerable challen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preoperative depression and outcomes after metabolic and bariatric surgery: A systematic narrative review.

Journal Article Obes Rev · July 2024 Preoperative depression is prevalent among patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) and is a potentially modifiable risk factor. However, the impact of preoperative depression on MBS outcomes has not been systematically reviewed. A search ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance of artificial intelligence in bariatric surgery: comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4, Bing, and Bard in the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery textbook of bariatric surgery questions.

Journal Article Surg Obes Relat Dis · July 2024 BACKGROUND: The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) textbook serves as a comprehensive resource for bariatric surgery, covering recent advancements and clinical questions. Testing artificial intelligence (AI) engines using this aut ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early Discharge after Uncomplicated Elective Colectomy and Risk of Postdischarge Complication.

Journal Article J Am Coll Surg · February 1, 2024 BACKGROUND: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing uncomplicated elective colectomy using the NSQIP database from January 2012 to December 2019. A colectomy is deemed uncomplicated if there are no complications reported during t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Severity Grading Systems for Intraoperative Adverse Events. A Systematic Review of the Literature and Citation Analysis.

Journal Article Ann Surg · November 1, 2023 INTRODUCTION: The accurate assessment and grading of adverse events (AE) is essential to ensure comparisons between surgical procedures and outcomes. The current lack of a standardized severity grading system may limit our understanding of the true morbidi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Black-versus-White racial disparities in 30-day outcomes at Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program-accredited centers: a needed quality indicator.

Journal Article Surg Obes Relat Dis · April 2023 BACKGROUND: Creating a metric in the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) to assess Black-versus-White disparities is critical if we are to ensure equitable care for all. OBJECTIVE: To investigate Black-ve ... Full text Link to item Cite

The United States Experience with One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass at MBSAQIP-Accredited Centers.

Journal Article Obes Surg · October 2022 PURPOSE: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has emerged as a potentially safe and effective weight-loss procedure. Worldwide, OAGB is the third most commonly performed primary bariatric procedure, comprising 4% of the annual volume. In the USA, OAGB has ... Full text Link to item Cite

The development and measurement properties of the trauma NOn-TECHnical skills (T-NOTECHS) scale: A scoping review.

Journal Article Am J Surg · October 2022 PURPOSE: Conduct a scoping review to critically appraise the development and summarize the evidence on the measurement properties of T-NOTECHS including sensibility, reliability, and validity. METHODS: A literature search was performed using Pubmed and Ovi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analyzing and Discussing Human Factors Affecting Surgical Patient Safety Using Innovative Technology: Creating a Safer Operating Culture.

Journal Article J Patient Saf · September 1, 2022 INTRODUCTION: Surgical errors often occur because of human factor-related issues. A medical data recorder (MDR) may be used to analyze human factors in the operating room. The aims of this study were to assess intraoperative safety threats and resilience s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of Short-term Safety of One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy in the United States: 341 cases from MBSAQIP-accredited Centers.

Journal Article Surg Obes Relat Dis · March 2022 BACKGROUND: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is the third most common (4%) primary bariatric procedure worldwide but is seldom performed in the United States and is currently under consideration for endorsement by the American Society for Metabolic an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraoperative leak test is associated with lower postoperative bleed rate in primary sleeve gastrectomy: a propensity matched analysis of primary and revision bariatric surgery using the MBSAQIP database.

Journal Article Surg Endosc · January 2022 BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal leaks after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) occur infrequently but lead to clinical and socioeconomic burden on patients. Surgeons perform intraoperative leak test (IOLT) via gastric tube or endoscop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contemporary uses of trauma video review: a scoping review.

Journal Article CJEM · November 2021 OBJECTIVES: Trauma resuscitations are sporadic, high-acuity situations and conducting observation in the trauma bay for the purpose of quality improvement is challenging. We aim to review contemporary uses of trauma video review. METHODS: Medline and Embas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-technical skills and device-related interruptions in minimally invasive surgery.

Journal Article Surg Endosc · August 2021 BACKGROUND: Device-related interruptions in the operating room (OR) may create stress among health care providers and delays. Although non-technical skills (NTS) of the OR teams, such as situational awareness and communication, are expected to influence de ... Full text Link to item Cite

System Factors Affecting Patient Safety in the OR: An Analysis of Safety Threats and Resiliency.

Journal Article Ann Surg · July 1, 2021 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the characteristics and frequency of intraoperative safety threats and resilience supports using a human factors measurement tool. BACKGROUND: Human factors analysis can provide insight into how system ... Full text Link to item Cite

Errors in adult trauma resuscitation: a systematic review.

Journal Article CJEM · July 2021 INTRODUCTION: Trauma resuscitation at dedicated trauma centers typically consist of ad-hoc teams performing critical tasks in a time-limited manner. This creates a high stakes environment apt or avoidable errors. Reporting of errors in trauma resuscitation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Measuring the teamwork performance of operating room teams: a systematic review of assessment tools and their measurement properties.

Journal Article J Interprof Care · 2021 Teamwork is fundamental to surgical patient safety but is inconsistently measured. While many tools have been developed for elective intraoperative situations, it is unclear which is the most robust. This systematic review aimed to identify tools to measur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nontechnical Skill Assessment of the Collective Surgical Team Using the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) System.

Journal Article Ann Surg · December 2020 OBJECTIVE: To validate the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) system for assessment of the collective surgical teams' nontechnical skills after observing recordings of actual OR environment. BACKGROUND: The NOTSS system is a widely accepted tool to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early operative management in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction: population-based cost analysis

Journal Article BJS Open · October 1, 2020 AbstractBackgroundAdhesive small bowel obstruction (aSBO) is a potentially recurrent disease. Although non-operative management is oft ... Full text Cite

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Instrument to Measure Severity of Intraoperative Events Using Video Data.

Journal Article Ann Surg · August 2020 OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a novel instrument to measure SEVERE processes using video data. BACKGROUND: Surgical video data can serve an important role in understanding the relationship between intraoperative events and postoperative outcomes. Howe ... Full text Link to item Cite

La définition des moments critiques et non critiques en salle d'opération : une étude de consensus Delphi modifiée.

Journal Article Can J Anaesth · August 2020 BACKGROUND: While the operating room (OR) has significantly benefited from aviation strategies to improve safety, the rate of avoidable human errors remains relatively high. One key aviation strategy that has yet to be formally established in the OR is the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pushing boundaries of video review in trauma: Using comprehensive data to improve the safety of trauma care

Journal Article Trauma Surgery and Acute Care Open · July 12, 2020 Adverse events and lapses in safety are identified after the fact and often discussed through postevent review. These rounds rely on personal recollection, information from patient charts and incident reports that are limited by retrospective data collecti ... Full text Cite

Factors associated with surgeon's perception of distraction in the operating room.

Journal Article Surg Endosc · July 2020 BACKGROUND: Distractions in the operating room (OR) can create stress among surgeons and lead to higher chances of errors and adverse events. The objective is to determine intraoperative factors that are associated with surgeons' perception of distraction. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of 3-Dimensional vs 2-Dimensional Imaging and Technical Performance Using a Multiport Intraoperative Data Capture and Analytic System for Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · January 3, 2020 IMPORTANCE: Errors and adverse events occur frequently in health care. Three-dimensional (3-D) laparoscopic systems claim to provide more realistic depth perception and better spatial orientation compared with their 2-D counterparts. OBJECTIVE: To compare ... Full text Link to item Cite

First-year Analysis of the Operating Room Black Box Study.

Journal Article Ann Surg · January 2020 OBJECTIVE: To characterize intraoperative errors, events, and distractions, and measure technical skills of surgeons in minimally invasive surgery practice. BACKGROUND: Adverse events in the operating room (OR) are common contributors of morbidity and mort ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adverse Events in the Operating Room: Definitions, Prevalence, and Characteristics. A Systematic Review.

Journal Article World J Surg · October 2019 BACKGROUND: Adverse events occur commonly in the operating room (OR) and often contribute to morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare spending. Validated frameworks to measure and report postoperative outcomes have long existed to facilitate exchange ... Full text Link to item Cite

Underreporting of Veress Needle Injuries: Comparing Direct Observation and Chart Review Methods.

Journal Article J Surg Res · April 2019 BACKGROUND: Adverse events in surgery occur frequently, increase likelihood of postoperative morbidity, and mostly take place in the operating rooms. Several surgeons have advocated for learning from adverse events and near misses to help improve patient s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Measuring the teamwork performance of teams in crisis situations: a systematic review of assessment tools and their measurement properties.

Journal Article BMJ Qual Saf · April 2019 BACKGROUND: Educational interventions to improve teamwork in crisis situations have proliferated in recent years with substantial variation in teamwork measurement. This systematic review aimed to synthesise available tools and their measurement properties ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of hawthorne effect on healthcare professionals: A systematic review

Journal Article University of Toronto Medical Journal · March 1, 2019 Background and Aims: The Hawthorne effect - the alteration of behavior by subjects due to their awareness of being observed - is evident in both research and clinical settings involving different forms of observation. However, the role of the Hawthorne eff ... Cite

Characterization of device-related interruptions in minimally invasive surgery: need for intraoperative data and effective mitigation strategies.

Journal Article Surg Endosc · March 2019 BACKGROUND: The burden of device-related interruptions is expected to increase as modern surgical practices adopt complex minimally invasive surgery devices. Currently, there is a paucity of empiric data that examined the nature of device-related interrupt ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS): Critical appraisal of its measurement properties.

Journal Article Am J Surg · November 2018 BACKGROUND: To critically appraise the development and measurement properties, including sensibility, reliability, and validity of the Non-Technical Skills of Surgeons (NOTSS) system. DATA SOURCES: Articles that described development process of the NOTSS s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Approach to asymptomatic paraesophageal hernia: watchful waiting or elective laparoscopic hernia repair?

Journal Article Surg Endosc · February 2018 BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on whether asymptomatic paraesophageal hernia (PEH) should be operated. Some argue that surgery is necessary prophylaxis against potentially catastrophic consequences of acute complications in untreated PEH. Others reason ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long‐term follow‐up of biliary complications after adult right‐lobe living donor liver transplantation

Journal Article Clinical Transplantation · May 2015 AbstractIntroductionLong‐term biliary complications after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are not well described in ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial D310 mutations in the early development of breast cancer

Journal Article British Journal of Cancer · April 2012 Full text Cite

Level of interest in surgery and perception of surgical education among the 2009-20 10 pre-clerkship medical students at the University of Toronto

Journal Article University of Toronto Medical Journal · May 1, 2011 Objective: To assess the level of interest in surgery as a career choice and perception of surgery curricula in 2009-2010 among pre-clerkship medical students at the University of Toronto. Methodology: A paper-based questionnaire was completed by pre-clerk ... Cite