Scholars@Duke
Kamran Mahmood

Kamran Mahmood

Associate Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
k.mahmood@duke.edu
112 Hanes Hse, Box 102356, Durham, NC 27710
112 Hanes Hse, Box 102356, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Navigational Bronchoscopy vs CT Scan-Guided Transthoracic Needle Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Indeterminate Lung Nodules: Protocol and Rationale for the Navigation Endoscopy to Reach Indeterminate Lung Nodules vs Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, a Randomized Controlled Study Multicenter Randomized Trial

Journal Article CHEST Pulmonary · September 1, 2024 Background: Lung nodule incidence is increasing. Many nodules require biopsy to discriminate between benign and malignant causes. The gold standard for minimally invasive biopsy, CT scan-guided transthoracic needle biopsy (CT-TTNB), has not been compared d ... Full text Cite

Management of Central Airway Obstruction: An American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline.

Journal Article Chest · July 18, 2024 BACKGROUND: Central airway obstruction (CAO), seen in a variety of malignant and nonmalignant airway disorders, is associated with a poor prognosis. The management of CAO is dependent on provider training and local resources, which may make the clinical ap ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differences in microenvironment of lung cancer and pleural effusions by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Journal Article Lung Cancer · July 2024 BACKGROUND: Direct comparison of tumor microenvironment of matched lung cancer biopsies and pleural effusions (PE) from the same patients is critical in understanding tumor biology but has not been performed. This is the first study to compare the lung can ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inadequate (Ax) Transbronchial Lung Transplant Biopsies-Scope and the Potential Contributing Factors.

Journal Article Transplant Proc · 2024 BACKGROUND: Transbronchial biopsy is the cornerstone for the evaluation of graft function after lung transplant and a standard of care to diagnose acute cellular rejection. However, the yield from these biopsies is variable, with about 15% to 50% of sample ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevention of contamination after endotracheal intubation using a dedicated sleeve.

Journal Article J Thorac Dis · September 28, 2023 BACKGROUND: Contamination of work surfaces by used laryngoscopes after endotracheal intubation is a serious infection control concern but no strategies are available to address it. We assessed if contamination of the surfaces after endotracheal intubation ... Full text Link to item Cite

High Yield of Pleural Cell-Free DNA for Diagnosis of Oncogenic Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Journal Article Chest · July 2023 BACKGROUND: Pleural cytology is currently used to assess targetable mutations in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. However, it is fraught with low diagnostic yield. RESEARCH QUESTION: Can pleural cell-free DNA (cfDNA) be used to assess targetable ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of Forceps, Cryoprobe, and Thoracoscopic Lung Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease - The CHILL Study.

Journal Article Respiration · 2022 RATIONALE: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) has emerged as a less invasive method to obtain a tissue diagnosis in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The diagnostic yield of TBLC compared to surgical lung biopsy (SLB) remains uncertain. OBJ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tracheostomy for COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Multidisciplinary, Multicenter Data on Timing, Technique, and Outcomes.

Journal Article Ann Surg · August 1, 2021 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Tracheostomy has an essential role in managing COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure who require prolon ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Pilot Study of the Performance of 19-G Needle in Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Aspiration for the Diagnosis and Testing of Molecular Markers in Lung Cancer.

Journal Article J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol · July 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has become the standard for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Historically, 21- and 22-G needles have been paired with EBUS. We evaluated the performance of EBUS-T ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low utilisation of bronchoscopy to assess COVID-19 respiratory infection: a multicenter experience.

Journal Article BMJ Open Respir Res · July 2021 OBJECTIVE: For the diagnosis of COVID-19, the yield of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs is unclear, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is obtained to confirm the diagnosis. We assessed the utilisation of bronchoscopy for COVID-19 diagnosis in a multicenter study an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pleural effusions associated with squamous cell lung carcinoma have a low diagnostic yield and a poor prognosis.

Journal Article Transl Lung Cancer Res · June 2021 BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) portends a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the yield of pleural fluid cytology as well as survival of patients with MPE associated with squamous cell carcinoma versus adenocarcinom ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy to prevent central airway stenosis after lung transplantation.

Journal Article J Heart Lung Transplant · April 2021 BACKGROUND: Central airway stenosis (CAS) is a severe airway complication after lung transplantation associated with bronchial ischemia and necrosis. We sought to determine whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), an established treatment for tissue ische ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variable Learning Curve of Basic Rigid Bronchoscopy in Trainees.

Journal Article Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · January 2021 BackgroundDespite increased use of rigid bronchoscopy (RB) for therapeutic indications and recommendations from professional societies to use performance-based competency, an assessment tool has not been utilized to measure the competency of train ... Full text Cite

Operator Perception of a Single-Use Flexible Bronchoscope: Comparison With Current Standard Bronchoscopes.

Journal Article Respir Care · November 2020 BACKGROUND: Single-use flexible bronchoscopes have gained popularity in recent years for various advantages over the traditional reusable bronchoscope. There are several commercially available disposable bronchoscopes; however, all have limitations compare ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endobronchial coils for emphysema: Dual mechanism of action on lobar residual volume reduction.

Journal Article Respirology · November 2020 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The RENEW trial demonstrated that bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using endobronchial coils improves quality of life, pulmonary function and exercise performance. In this post hoc analysis of RENEW, we examine the mechanism of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Miniaturized Intracavitary Forward-Looking Ultrasound Transducer for Tissue Ablation.

Journal Article IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · July 2020 OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to develop a miniaturized forward-looking ultrasound transducer for intracavitary tissue ablation, which can be used through an endoscopic device. The internal ultrasound (US) delivery is capable of directly interacting with the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Zephyr Endobronchial Valves on Dyspnea, Activity Levels, and Quality of Life at One Year. Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · July 2020 Rationale: Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with Zephyr Valves improves lung function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life of patients with hyperinflated emphysema and little to no collateral ventilation.Objectives:Post hoc analysis of patient-repor ... Full text Link to item Cite

EBUS-FNA cytologic-histologic correlation of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer.

Journal Article J Am Soc Cytopathol · 2020 INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint pathway markers induce immune tolerance to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapeutic antibodies targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway have demonstrated efficacy in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical and radiographic predictors of successful therapeutic bronchoscopy for the relief of malignant central airway obstruction.

Journal Article BMC Pulm Med · November 21, 2019 BACKGROUND: Malignant central airway obstruction (CAO) occurs in approximately 20-30% of patients with lung cancer and is associated with debilitating symptoms and poor prognosis. Multimodality therapeutic bronchoscopy can relieve malignant CAO, though car ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Small Aperture Ultrasound Transducers for Intracavitary Tissue Ablation

Conference IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS · October 1, 2019 Catheter directed ultrasound (US) transducer is capable of delivering high, focused acoustic power to the target tissue inside a body. The direct interaction with the tissue enables to minimize the concern of unintended tissue damages. Despite the potentia ... Full text Cite

Predictors of Response to Endobronchial Coil Therapy in Patients With Advanced Emphysema.

Journal Article Chest · May 2019 BACKGROUND: The Lung Volume Reduction Coil Treatment in Patients With Emphysema (RENEW) trial reported improvements in quality of life, pulmonary function, and exercise performance following endobronchial coil treatment. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this pos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Yield of Malignant Pleural Effusion for Detection of Oncogenic Driver Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Journal Article J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol · April 2019 BACKGROUND: Pleural fluid can be used to assess targetable mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The primary objective of this study was to assess the yield of pleural fluid cytology for targetable oncogenic mutations (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ALK, and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Management of Lung Transplant Bronchial Stenosis With Mitomycin C.

Journal Article J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol · April 2019 BACKGROUND: Bronchial stenosis is a significant source of morbidity among lung transplant recipients, with etiologies including infection and ischemia of the airways. Current management with balloon bronchoplasty and stents is imperfect and a subset of pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: One-Year Results of the Prospective, Multicenter NAVIGATE Study.

Journal Article J Thorac Oncol · March 2019 INTRODUCTION: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is a minimally invasive technology that guides endoscopic tools to pulmonary lesions. ENB has been evaluated primarily in small, single-center studies; thus, the diagnostic yield in a generalizabl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Thoracic Metastases and Detection of Receptor Discordance.

Journal Article J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol · July 2018 BACKGROUND: Metastasis of breast cancer to mediastinal lymph nodes is common and biopsy of suspicious lesions can have important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications, particularly with respect to tumor receptor status. Our aim was to show t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Navigational Bronchoscopy with Airo CT Confirmation - Biopsy of a Cystic Lesion

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2018 Link to item Cite

Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Bronchial Stenosis in Lung Transplant Recipients.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · July 2017 Bronchial stenosis in lung transplant recipients is a common disorder that adversely affects clinical outcomes. It is evaluated by spirometry, CT scanning, and bronchoscopy with significant limitations. We hypothesize that MRI using both ultrashort echo ti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Randomized Trial of Pleural Fluid Drainage Frequency in Patients with Malignant Pleural Effusions. The ASAP Trial.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · April 15, 2017 RATIONALE: Patients with malignant pleural effusions have significant dyspnea and shortened life expectancy. Indwelling pleural catheters allow patients to drain pleural fluid at home and can lead to autopleurodesis. The optimal drainage frequency to achie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comprehensive Genetic Mutation Analysis On Pleural Effusions Related To Lung Adenocarcinoma

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

The Changing Role for Tracheostomy in Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation.

Journal Article Clin Chest Med · December 2016 Tracheostomy is performed in patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation or have upper airway instability. Percutaneous tracheostomy with Ciaglia technique is commonly used and rivals the surgical approach. Percutaneous technique is associated wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for management of central airway stenosis after lung transplant.

Journal Article Clin Transplant · September 2016 BACKGROUND: Central airway stenosis (CAS) is common after lung transplantation and causes significant post-transplant morbidity. It is often preceded by extensive airway necrosis, related to airway ischemia. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is useful for i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Endobronchial Coils vs Usual Care on Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Severe Emphysema: The RENEW Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA · May 24, 2016 IMPORTANCE: Preliminary clinical trials have demonstrated that endobronchial coils compress emphysematous lung tissue and may improve lung function, exercise tolerance, and symptoms in patients with emphysema and severe lung hyperinflation. OBJECTIVE: To d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a Tool to Assess Basic Competency in the Performance of Rigid Bronchoscopy.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · April 2016 RATIONALE: Rigid bronchoscopy is increasingly used by pulmonologists for the management of central airway disorders. However, an assessment tool to evaluate the competency of operators in the performance of this technique has not been developed. We created ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hypoxic Gene Expression of Donor Bronchi Linked to Airway Complications after Lung Transplantation.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · March 1, 2016 RATIONALE: Central airway stenosis (CAS) after lung transplantation has been attributed in part to chronic airway ischemia; however, little is known about the time course or significance of large airway hypoxia early after transplantation. OBJECTIVES: To e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role Of Mitomycin C Application In Lung Transplantation Related Airway Stenosis

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2016 Link to item Cite

Therapeutic bronchoscopy for malignant central airway obstruction: success rates and impact on dyspnea and quality of life.

Journal Article Chest · May 2015 BACKGROUND: There is significant variation between physicians in terms of how they perform therapeutic bronchoscopy, but there are few data on whether these differences impact effectiveness. METHODS: This was a multicenter registry study of patients underg ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bronchomediastinal fistula caused by endobronchial aspergilloma.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · January 2015 RATIONALE: Endobronchial aspergilloma is a rare condition affecting immunocompromised patients. We present three cases resulting in airway fistulae. CASE PRESENTATIONS: A 68-year-old male with orthotopic heart transplantation presented with fatigue, cough, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic bronchoscopy improves spirometry, quality of life, and survival in central airway obstruction.

Journal Article Respiration · 2015 BACKGROUND: Central airway obstruction (CAO) occurs in patients with primary or metastatic lung malignancy and nonmalignant pulmonary disorders and results in significant adverse effects on respiratory function and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: The objectiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

High Dose Brachytherapy For Bronchial Stenosis In Lung Transplant Recipients

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Ablative therapies for central airway obstruction.

Journal Article Semin Respir Crit Care Med · December 2014 Central airway obstruction (CAO) is seen in malignant and nonmalignant airway disorders and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Endobronchial ablative therapies are used in conjunction with mechanical debridement to achieve hemostasis and rest ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ventilation and anesthetic approaches for rigid bronchoscopy.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · May 2014 Due to growing interest in management of central airway obstruction, rigid bronchoscopy is undergoing a resurgence in popularity among pulmonologists. Performing rigid bronchoscopy requires use of deep sedation or general anesthesia to achieve adequate pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Learning experience of linear endobronchial ultrasound among pulmonary trainees.

Journal Article Chest · March 1, 2014 BACKGROUND: Linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) allows real-time guidance of transbronchial needle aspiration of thoracic structures and has become an increasingly important diagnostic tool for chest physicians. Little has been published about the learn ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hemorrhagic complications of thoracentesis and small-bore chest tube placement in patients taking clopidogrel.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · January 2014 RATIONALE: Clopidogrel is a commonly used antiplatelet medication. The risk of local hemorrhage associated with use of this drug during routine thoracentesis or small-bore chest tube placement is not well established. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a prospective ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endobronchial fiducial to guide stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Journal Article J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol · July 2013 Optimal treatment for unresectable central airway tumors is not well established. Stereotactic body radiation therapy has shown efficacy for both peripheral and central lung lesions. However, the treatment of central tumors has been limited because of asso ... Full text Link to item Cite

Straightening out chest tubes: what size, what type, and when.

Journal Article Clin Chest Med · March 2013 Although chest tube placement is one of the most common procedures in managing patients with pleural disease, it is not clear what size and type of chest tube is indicated for various conditions. Chest tubes can be divided into small- (≤14 French [Fr]) and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alendronate tracheobronchitis.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · February 2013 Full text Link to item Cite

Association of gender with outcomes in critically ill patients.

Journal Article Crit Care · May 22, 2012 INTRODUCTION: The influence of gender on mortality and other outcomes of critically ill patients is not clear. Different studies have been performed in various settings and patient populations often yielding conflicting results. We wanted to assess the rel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Re: Noninvasive repair of broken tunneled pleural catheters.

Journal Article J Vasc Interv Radiol · February 2011 Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment of infection associated with tunneled pleural catheters

Journal Article Journal of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology · January 1, 2010 Chronic indwelling tunneled pleural catheters are increasingly used for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. Some common complications of these catheters include empyema and local site infection. Empyema is generally treated with the removal of th ... Full text Cite

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea in a multi-ethnic sample.

Journal Article J Clin Sleep Med · June 15, 2009 STUDY OBJECTIVES: Relationship of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Caucasians has been studied, but this association has not been investigated in Hispanic and African-Americans. The objective of this study is to ... Link to item Cite

Effects of vitamin D insufficiency on bone mineral density in African American men.

Journal Article Osteoporos Int · May 2009 UNLABELLED: In African American men serum, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) was below 30 ng/ml in 89% of subjects. In overall group, there was no correlation between 25-OHD and bone mineral density (BMD). A subgroup analysis of subjects with 25-OHD Full text Link to item Cite

Oxaliplatin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia: A case report and review of the literature

Journal Article Community Oncology · January 1, 2009 Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based agent that is typically given with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in a combination known as FOLFOX to treat colorectal cancer. It has been associated with hypersensitivity reactions and pulmonary toxicity but is a rare cause ... Full text Cite

Thoracic splenosis: The scar is the clue

Journal Article Clinical Pulmonary Medicine · November 1, 2008 Thoracic splenosis is a rare condition resulting from autotransplantation of splenic tissue into the left hemithorax after remote splenic trauma. It is usually incidentally detected on chest radiography or thoracic computed tomography. A history of splenic ... Full text Cite

Audible implantable cardioverter defibrillator alarms detect intermittent conductor discontinuity.

Journal Article Can J Cardiol · April 2002 The lead conductor integrity of implantable cardioverter defibrillator devices is inferred from impedance measurements; however, intermittent discontinuity can be difficult to detect or confirm. Newer devices can perform daily lead impedance self-testing, ... Link to item Cite