Scholars@Duke
Kai Huang

Kai Huang

Professor of Physics at Duke Kunshan University
DKU Faculty

Selected Publications

Granular dynamics in auger sampling

Journal Article Journal of Fluid Mechanics · March 25, 2022 From geotechnical applications to space exploration, auger drilling is often used as a standard tool for soil sample collection, instrument installation and others. Focusing on granular flow associated with the rotary drilling process, we investigate the p ... Full text Cite

Role of cohesion in the formation of kink wave fronts in vibrofluidized granular materials

Journal Article Mechanics Research Communications · March 1, 2022 The formation of kink wave fronts (KWFs) in a quasi-two-dimensional granular system is investigated numerically with a focus on the role of cohesive interactions between individual particles. The cohesive particle–particle interaction is achieved through t ... Full text Cite

Challenges of ‘imaging’ particulate materials in three dimensions

Journal Article Papers in Physics · January 1, 2022 In this perspective article, we discuss the challenges of imaging assemblies of particles in three dimensions. Starting from a brief motivation for the investigation of particulate ma-terials, we provide an overview of experimental approaches developed for ... Full text Cite

A Modeling and Measuring Method for Armature Muzzle Velocity Based on Railgun Current

Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · July 2021 Full text Cite

Coupling between rotational and translational motions of a vibrated polygonal disk

Journal Article New Journal of Physics · December 1, 2020 We investigate experimentally the dynamics of a single polygonal disk (regular n-gon with 3 n 8) confined in a closed container under vertical vibrations against gravity. The disks tend to precess continuously upon vibrations, transferring mechanical energ ... Full text Cite

Radar for projectile impact on granular media

Journal Article International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies · November 1, 2020 From the prevention of natural disasters such as landslide and avalanches, to the enhancement of energy efficiencies in chemical and civil engineering industries, understanding the collective dynamics of granular materials is a fundamental question that ar ... Full text Cite

The role of initial speed in projectile impacts into light granular media.

Journal Article Scientific reports · February 2020 Projectile impact into a light granular material composed of expanded polypropylene (EPP) particles is investigated systematically with various impact velocities. Experimentally, the trajectory of an intruder moving inside the granular material is monitore ... Full text Cite

Set Voronoi Tessellation for Particulate Systems in Two Dimensions

Journal Article Springer Proceedings in Physics · January 1, 2020 Given a countable set of points in a continuous space, Voronoi tessellation is an intuitive way of partitioning the space according to the distance to the individual points. As a powerful approach to obtain structural information, it has a long history and ... Full text Cite

Acoustics of Margravial Opera House Bayreuth

Journal Article Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2019 · May 31, 2019 The Margravial Opera House Bayreuth, built between 1745 and 1750, is a well preserved Baroque court theatre designed by Giuseppe Galli Bibiena [1]. It provides an opportunity to experience not only the visual but also the acoustic design of opera theatres ... Link to item Cite

Internal and surface waves in vibrofluidized granular materials: Role of cohesion.

Journal Article Physical review. E · May 2018 Wave phenomena in vibrofluidized dry and partially wet granular materials confined in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry are investigated with numerical simulations considering individual particles as hard spheres. Short-ranged cohesive interactions arising ... Full text Cite

A hard-sphere model for wet granular dynamics

Conference Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering · January 1, 2018 Due to the large number of particles in geo-physical or engineering applications, simplified physical models for liquid mediated particle-particle interactions are desirable for predicting wet granular dynamics with numerical simulations. Based on an analy ... Full text Cite

Research on the Temperature Field of Multistage Synchronous Induction Coilgun

Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · July 2017 Full text Cite

Clustering and melting in a wet granular monolayer

Journal Article EPJ Web of Conferences · June 30, 2017 We investigate experimentally the collective behavior of a wet granular monolayer under vertical vibrations. The spherical particles are partially wet such that there are short-ranged attractive interactions between adjacent particles. As the vibration str ... Full text Cite

Dynamics of wetting explored with inkjet printing

Journal Article EPJ Web of Conferences · June 30, 2017 An inkjet printer head, which is capable of depositing liquid droplets with a resolution of 22 picoliters and high repeatability, is employed to investigate the wetting dynamics of drops printed on a horizontal plane as well as on a granular monolayer. For ... Full text Cite

Density-wave fronts on the brink of wet granular condensation.

Journal Article Scientific reports · June 2017 Density-wave fronts in a vibrofluidized wet granular layer undergoing a gas-liquid-like transition are investigated experimentally. The threshold of the instability is governed by the amplitude of the vertical vibrations. Fronts, which are curved into a sp ... Full text Cite

Radar for tracer particles.

Journal Article The Review of scientific instruments · May 2017 We introduce a radar system capable of tracking a 5 mm spherical target continuously in three dimensions. The 10 GHz (X-band) radar system has a transmission power of 1 W and operates in the near field of the horn antennae. By comparing the phase shift of ... Full text Cite

Preface: Focus on imaging methods in granular physics.

Journal Article The Review of scientific instruments · May 2017 Full text Cite

Impulse response of the Bayreuth Festspielhaus

Journal Article Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2017 · March 21, 2017 The Bayreuth Festspielhaus is well known for its architecture because its design is heavily influenced by composer Richard Wagner. Due to the special acoustic design, the reverberation time (i.e., time scale for the sound pressure level to decay $60$~dB) i ... Link to item Cite

Dynamics of wet granular hexagons.

Journal Article Physical review. E · March 2017 The collective behavior of vibrated hexagonal disks confined in a monolayer is investigated experimentally. Due to the broken circular symmetry, hexagons prefer to rotate upon sufficiently strong driving. Due to the formation of liquid bridges, short-range ... Full text Cite

Influence of the liquid film thickness on the coefficient of restitution for wet particles.

Journal Article Physical review. E · April 2016 The normal coefficient of restitution (COR) for a spherical particle bouncing on a wet plane is investigated experimentally and compared with a model characterizing the energy loss at impact. For fixed ratios of liquid film thickness δ to particle diameter ... Full text Cite

The Algorithm Reseach of Detecting Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault Line on Distribution Network with Distributed Generation

Conference 2015 International Conference on Computer Science and Applications (CSA) · November 2015 Full text Cite

1/f noise on the brink of wet granular melting

Journal Article New Journal of Physics · August 27, 2015 The collective behavior of a two-dimensional wet granular cluster under horizontal swirling motions is investigated experimentally. Depending on the balance between the energy injection and dissipation, the cluster evolves into various nonequilibrium stati ... Full text Cite

Pattern formation in wet granular matter under vertical vibrations.

Journal Article Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · July 2015 Experiments on a thin layer of cohesive wet granular matter under vertical vibrations reveal kink-separated domains that collide with the container at different phases. Due to the strong cohesion arising from the formation of liquid bridges between adjacen ... Full text Cite

Ordering in granular-rod monolayers driven far from thermodynamic equilibrium.

Journal Article Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · June 2015 The orientational order in vertically agitated granular-rod monolayers is investigated experimentally and compared quantitatively with equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations and density functional theory. At sufficiently high number density, short rods form a ... Full text Cite

Investigation of Armature Capture Effect on Synchronous Induction Coilgun

Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · May 2015 Full text Cite

Role of defects in the onset of wall-induced granular convection.

Journal Article Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · March 2015 We investigate the onset of wall-induced convection in vertically vibrated granular matter by means of experiments and two-dimensional computer simulations. In both simulations and experiments we find that the wall-induced convection occurs inside the boun ... Full text Cite

Analysis of the Asymmetry of Railgun System

Conference 2014 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY (EML) · 2014 Cite

Analog of surface melting in a macroscopic nonequilibrium system.

Journal Article Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · December 2013 Agitated wet granular matter can be considered as a nonequilibrium model system for phase transitions, where the macroscopic particles replace the molecules and the capillary bridges replace molecular bonds. It is demonstrated experimentally that a two-dim ... Full text Cite

Scaling of the normal coefficient of restitution for wet impacts

Journal Article AIP Conference Proceedings · August 1, 2013 A thorough understanding of the energy dissipation in the dynamics of wet granular matter is essential for a continuum description of natural phenomena such as debris flow, and the development of various industrial applications such as the granulation proc ... Full text Cite

Dynamics of rotating spirals in agitated wet granular matter

Journal Article AIP Conference Proceedings · August 1, 2013 Pattern formation of a thin layer of vertically agitated wet granular matter is investigated experimentally. Due to the strong cohesion arising from the capillary bridges formed between adjacent particles, agitated wet granular matter exhibits a different ... Full text Cite

Experimental Results From a 4-Stage Synchronous Induction Coilgun

Conference IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · May 2013 Full text Cite

Wet granular rafts: Aggregation in two dimensions under shear flow

Journal Article Soft Matter · December 21, 2012 The aggregation and fragmentation of cohesive granular particles trapped at an air-liquid interface under shear flow are investigated by experiments and compared with numerical simulations. The cohesion owing to the formation of capillary bridges from a th ... Full text Cite

Coefficient of restitution for wet particles.

Journal Article Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · July 2012 The influence of a liquid film on the coefficient of restitution (COR) is investigated experimentally by tracing freely falling particles bouncing on a wet surface. The dependence of the COR on the impact velocity and various properties of the particle and ... Full text Cite

Design and Testing of a 15-Stage Synchronous Induction Coilgun

Conference 2012 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY (EML) · 2012 Cite

The Study of the Simple Breech-fed Railgun Recoil Force

Conference 2012 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY (EML) · 2012 Cite

Period tripling causes rotating spirals in agitated wet granular layers.

Journal Article Physical review letters · July 2011 Pattern formation of a thin layer of vertically agitated wet granular matter is investigated experimentally. Rotating spirals with three arms, which correspond to the kinks between regions with different colliding phases, are the dominating pattern. This p ... Full text Cite

Snooping in the sand

Journal Article ZAMM Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik · December 1, 2010 Because of the energy dissipation through friction and inelastic collisions between particles, agitated granular matter is generally speaking in a state far from thermal equilibrium. It can be considered as being a complex state of matter, which combines p ... Full text Cite

The rotation-reptation transition under broken rotational symmetry

Journal Article European Physical Journal: Special Topics · December 1, 2009 In a swirled circular container, granular particles can change their sense of rotation when the packing density is increased, exhibiting a transition from rotational to reptational motion. In addition, here we report a 'snake mode' that arises at a lower p ... Full text Cite

Universal and non-universal aspects of wet granular matter under vertical vibrations

Journal Article European Physical Journal: Special Topics · December 1, 2009 The phase diagram of vertically vibrated wet granular matter is investigated by both experiments and molecular dynamics type simulations, with a focus on the coexistence regime of the fluid and gas phases. Phase diagrams measured at various parameters incl ... Full text Cite

Fluidization of granular media wetted by liquid 4He.

Journal Article Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · January 2009 We explore experimentally the fluidization of vertically agitated polymethylmethacrylate spheres wetted by liquid 4He . By controlling the temperature around the lambda point, we change the properties of the wetting liquid from a normal fluid (helium I) to ... Full text Cite

Scalably distributed SystemC simulation for embedded applications

Conference 2008 International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems · June 2008 Full text Cite

Phase transitions far from equilibrium in wet granular matter

Journal Article New Journal of Physics · May 15, 2008 The phase diagram of vertically agitated wet granular matter is presented, both experimentally and by simulation. We observe two phase transitions, one of which is driven by the applied force (acceleration), the other by injected energy (velocity of contai ... Full text Cite

Photoluminescence and magnetism in Co-doped ZnO powder

Journal Article Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics · November 7, 2007 Full text Cite

Synthesis and field-emission properties of the tungsten oxide nanowire arrays

Journal Article Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures · September 2007 Full text Cite

Mapping Applications to Tiled Multiprocessor Embedded Systems

Conference Seventh International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD 2007) · July 2007 Full text Cite

Leaching Kinetics of Cadmium from Scallop Waste by Dilute Sulfuric Acid Solution

Journal Article JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN · 2007 Full text Cite

Windowed FIFOs for FPGA-based multiprocessor systems

Conference 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATION-SPECIFIC SYSTEMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND PROCESSORS · 2007 Cite

A H.264 video decoder with scheme of efficient bandwidth optimization for motion compensation

Conference 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1-3 · 2007 Cite

Agent solutions for Navy shipboard power systems

Conference 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 · 2007 Cite

Efficient training of RBF networks via the BYY automated model selection learning algorithms

Conference ADVANCES IN NEURAL NETWORKS - ISNN 2007, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS · 2007 Cite

Dynamic behaviors of supersonic granular media under vertical vibration.

Journal Article Ultrasonics · December 2006 We present experimental study of vibrofluidized granular materials by high speed photography. Statistical results present the averaged dynamic behaviors of granular materials in one cycle, including the variations of height, velocity and mechanical energy ... Full text Cite

Interior dynamics of subharmonious surface wave in an idealized bidimensional granular layer.

Conference Ultrasonics · December 2006 In this paper, high-speed photography was used to investigate the intrinsic dynamics of subharmonious surface wave in a vertical vibrated and idealized bidimensional granular layer. Using the high-speed photography, velocity fields of the granular layer at ... Full text Cite

Phase transition from the ferromagnetic to superparamagnetic with a loop shift in 5-nm nickel particles

Journal Article Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · October 2006 Full text Cite

Qualitative Bayesian Networks Based Multiagent System - Application in E-marketplace

Conference 2006 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering · October 2006 Full text Cite

Formation and transport of a sand heap in an inclined and vertically vibrated container.

Journal Article Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · August 2006 We investigate experimentally the formation and the transportation of a heap formed by granular materials in an inclined and vertically vibrated container. We observe how the transport velocity of heap up the container is related to the driving acceleratio ... Full text Cite

Shock wave propagation in vibrofluidized granular materials.

Journal Article Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · April 2006 Shock wave formation and propagation in vertically vibrated quasi-two-dimensional granular materials are studied by digital high speed photography. Steep density and temperature wave fronts form at the bottom of the granular layer when the layer collides w ... Full text Cite

Monodispersed Ni sphere observation and Ni/NiO magnetic properties

Journal Article RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING · 2006 Cite

The performance analysis of double-SVPWM in AC-DC-AC bidirectional converter for AC excited doubly fed generation system

Conference 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY: POWERCON, VOLS 1- 6 · 2006 Cite

Simulation Study of Internal and Surface waves of Vertically Vibrated Granular Materials

Journal Article · November 29, 2005 Molecular dynamical (MD) simulations are performed to simulate two dimensional vibrofluidized granular materials in this work. Statistics on simulation results indicate that there exist shocks propagating upward in each vibrating cycle. Under certain drivi ... Link to item Cite

Nonlinear acoustic wave propagating in one-dimensional layered system

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics · August 15, 2005 The propagation of finite-amplitude plane sound in one-dimensional layered media is studied by the extended method of transfer matrix formalism. For the periodic layered system consisting of two alternate types of liquid, the energy distribution and the ph ... Full text Cite

Experimental observation of kink in a perfect bidimensional granular system

Journal Article Chinese Physics Letters · August 1, 2005 The kink formation in a vertical vibrated granular layer has been widely studied in three-dimensional systems, but there are few if any experimental reports on bidimensional granular layers. We report the kink formation newly found in a perfect bidimension ... Full text Cite

Active thermal convection in vibrofluidized granular systems

Journal Article European Physical Journal B · August 1, 2004 We present a granular-hydrodynamic model that captures the essence of convection in a fully vibrofluidized granular system. The steady temperature distribution is solved analytically. Numerical simulation shows that the convection always develops through a ... Full text Cite

Transport of heap formed by granular materials on an inclined surface

Conference International Journal of Modern Physics B · September 30, 2003 We study experimentally the transport of heap formed by granular materials vertically vibrated on an inclined surface. A relationship is presented of how the velocity of heap changing with driving acceleration and frequency. The shape of the heap bottom is ... Full text Cite

Embedded inertial sensor for tracking projectile impact on granular media

Conference EPJ Web of Conferences Due to the opacity of most granular materials, it is often desirable to have three dimensional (3D) particle tracking techniques beyond optical imaging to explore granular dynamics. Using inertial measurement units (IMU) embedded in a projectile, we obtain ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite