Scholars@Duke
Nikolai Petrovich Skiba

Nikolai Petrovich Skiba

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
Box 3802 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
Wadsworth Bldg, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Physiological activation of liver X receptor provides protection against ocular inflammation in uveitic glaucoma.

Journal Article Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis · January 2025 Virus-induced trabeculitis is considered a significant cause of uveitic glaucoma, being marked by a sudden increase in intraocular pressure and relatively mild inflammation in the anterior chamber of the eye. In previous proteome analyses of aqueous humor ... Full text Link to item Cite

ROM1 is redundant to PRPH2 as a molecular building block of photoreceptor disc rims.

Journal Article Elife · November 22, 2023 Visual signal transduction takes place within a stack of flattened membranous 'discs' enclosed within the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segment. The highly curved rims of these discs, formed in the process of disc enclosure, are fortified by large he ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polarized Desmosome and Hemidesmosome Shedding via Small Extracellular Vesicles is an Early Indicator of Outer Blood-Retina Barrier Dysfunction.

Journal Article J Extracell Biol · October 2023 The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) constitutes the outer blood-retinal barrier, enables photoreceptor function of the eye, and is constantly exposed to oxidative stress. As such, dysfunction of the RPE underlies pathology leading to development of age- ... Full text Link to item Cite

ROM1 is redundant to PRPH2 as a molecular building block of photoreceptor disc rims.

Journal Article bioRxiv · August 29, 2023 Visual signal transduction takes place within a stack of flattened membranous "discs" enclosed within the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segment. The highly curved rims of these discs, formed in the process of disc enclosure, are fortified by large he ... Full text Link to item Cite

Absolute Quantification of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Proteins.

Journal Article J Proteome Res · August 4, 2023 Photoreceptor cells generate neuronal signals in response to capturing light. This process, called phototransduction, takes place in a highly specialized outer segment organelle. There are significant discrepancies in the reported amounts of many proteins ... Full text Link to item Cite

Photoreceptor disc incisures form as an adaptive mechanism ensuring the completion of disc enclosure.

Journal Article Elife · July 14, 2023 The first steps of vision take place within a stack of tightly packed disc-shaped membranes, or 'discs', located in the outer segment compartment of photoreceptor cells. In rod photoreceptors, discs are enclosed inside the outer segment and contain deep in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polarized Desmosome and Hemidesmosome Shedding via Exosomes is an Early Indicator of Outer Blood-Retina Barrier Dysfunction.

Journal Article bioRxiv · June 13, 2023 The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) constitutes the outer blood-retinal barrier, enables photoreceptor function of the eye, and is constantly exposed to oxidative stress. As such, dysfunction of the RPE underlies pathology leading to development of age- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Absolute quantification of photoreceptor outer segment proteins.

Journal Article bioRxiv · June 11, 2023 Photoreceptor cells generate neuronal signals in response to capturing light. This process, called phototransduction, takes place in a highly specialized outer segment organelle. There are significant discrepancies in the reported amounts of many proteins ... Full text Link to item Cite

Photoreceptor disc incisures form as an adaptive mechanism ensuring the completion of disc enclosure.

Journal Article bioRxiv · April 7, 2023 The first steps of vision take place within a stack of tightly packed disc-shaped membranes, or "discs", located in the outer segment compartment of photoreceptor cells. In rod photoreceptors, discs are enclosed inside the outer segment and contain deep in ... Full text Link to item Cite

The WAVE complex drives the morphogenesis of the photoreceptor outer segment cilium.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 21, 2023 The photoreceptor outer segment is a modified cilium filled with hundreds of flattened "disc" membranes responsible for efficient light capture. To maintain photoreceptor health and functionality, outer segments are continuously renewed through the additio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disrupting the ciliary gradient of active Arl3 affects rod photoreceptor nuclear migration.

Journal Article Elife · January 4, 2023 The small GTPase Arl3 is important for the enrichment of lipidated proteins to primary cilia, including the outer segment of photoreceptors. Human mutations in the small GTPase Arl3 cause both autosomal recessive and dominant inherited retinal dystrophies. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of the extracellular vesicle proteome between glaucoma and non-glaucoma trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne) · 2023 INTRODUCTION: Extracellular matrix (ECM) materials accumulate in the trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue of patients with glaucoma, which is associated with a decrease in aqueous humor outflow and therefore an increase in intraocular pressure. To explore a pot ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased Complement-Associated Inflammation in Cytomegalovirus-Positive Hypertensive Anterior Uveitis Patients Based on the Aqueous Humor Proteomics Analysis.

Journal Article J Clin Med · April 22, 2022 Herpetic anterior uveitis-associated ocular inflammation is commonly manifested with ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Relative to other viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV) positive hypertensive anterior uveitis is associated with high recurrences of uveitis, a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of vasorin, an anti-apoptotic, anti-TGF-β and hypoxia-induced glycoprotein in the trabecular meshwork cells and glaucoma.

Journal Article J Cell Mol Med · April 2022 Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness, is commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure due to impaired aqueous humour (AH) drainage through the trabecular meshwork. The aetiological mechanisms contributing to impaired AH o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glucocorticoids Preferentially Influence Expression of Nucleoskeletal Actin Network and Cell Adhesive Proteins in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.

Journal Article Front Cell Dev Biol · 2022 Clinical use of glucocorticoids is associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor for glaucoma. Glucocorticoids have been reported to induce changes in actin cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, fibroge ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Role of Septins in Regulation of Actin Cytoskeletal Organization in Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · 2022 Cite

Trabecular meshwork exosomes and the extracellular matrix

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · 2022 Cite

Biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of dystrophin-deficient mdx3cv mouse lens.

Journal Article Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis · January 1, 2021 The molecular and cellular basis for cataract development in mice lacking dystrophin, a scaffolding protein that links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized lenses derived from the dystrophin-de ... Full text Link to item Cite

TMEM67, TMEM237, and Embigin in Complex With Monocarboxylate Transporter MCT1 Are Unique Components of the Photoreceptor Outer Segment Plasma Membrane.

Journal Article Mol Cell Proteomics · 2021 The outer segment (OS) organelle of vertebrate photoreceptors is a highly specialized cilium evolved to capture light and initiate light response. The plasma membrane which envelopes the OS plays vital and diverse roles in supporting photoreceptor function ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-density lipoproteins are a potential therapeutic target for age-related macular degeneration.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 25, 2020 Strong evidence suggests that dysregulated lipid metabolism involving dysfunction of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) underlies the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly. A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification and activity of the functional complex between hnRNPL and the pseudoexfoliation syndrome-associated lncRNA, LOXL1-AS1.

Journal Article Hum Mol Genet · July 29, 2020 Individuals with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome exhibit various connective tissue pathologies associated with dysregulated extracellular matrix homeostasis. PEX glaucoma is a common, aggressive form of open-angle glaucoma resulting from the deposition of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comprehensive identification of mRNA isoforms reveals the diversity of neural cell-surface molecules with roles in retinal development and disease.

Journal Article Nat Commun · July 3, 2020 Genes encoding cell-surface proteins control nervous system development and are implicated in neurological disorders. These genes produce alternative mRNA isoforms which remain poorly characterized, impeding understanding of how disease-associated mutation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Photoreceptor disc membranes are formed through an Arp2/3-dependent lamellipodium-like mechanism.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · December 26, 2019 The light-sensitive outer segment of the vertebrate photoreceptor is a highly modified primary cilium filled with disc-shaped membranes that provide a vast surface for efficient photon capture. The formation of each disc is initiated by a ciliary membrane ... Full text Link to item Cite

PRCD supports the organized structure of the photoreceptor outer segment

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · July 1, 2019 Link to item Cite

Isolation of Retinal Exosome Biomarkers from Blood by Targeted Immunocapture.

Journal Article Adv Exp Med Biol · 2019 The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retinal barrier, provides nutrients, recycles visual pigment, and removes spent discs from the photoreceptors, among many other functions. Because of these critical roles in visual homeostasis, t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Author Correction: Directional Exosome Proteomes Reflect Polarity-Specific Functions in Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Monolayers.

Journal Article Sci Rep · November 20, 2018 A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased proteasomal activity supports photoreceptor survival in inherited retinal degeneration.

Journal Article Nat Commun · April 30, 2018 Inherited retinal degenerations, affecting more than 2 million people worldwide, are caused by mutations in over 200 genes. This suggests that the most efficient therapeutic strategies would be mutation independent, i.e., targeting common pathological cond ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces ECM Production via Activation of the Mechanosensitive YAP/TAZ Transcriptional Pathway in Trabecular Meshwork Cells.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · April 1, 2018 PURPOSE: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid, has been shown to increase resistance to aqueous humor outflow (AH) through the trabecular meshwork (TM). The molecular basis for this response of the TM to LPA, however, is not completely understood ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Transducin β-Subunit Can Interact with Multiple G-Protein γ-Subunits to Enable Light Detection by Rod Photoreceptors.

Journal Article eNeuro · 2018 The heterotrimeric G-protein transducin mediates visual signaling in vertebrate photoreceptor cells. Many aspects of the function of transducin were learned from knock-out mice lacking its individual subunits. Of particular interest is the knockout of its ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Vertebrate Lonesome Kinase Regulated Extracellular Matrix Protein Phosphorylation, Cell Shape, and Adhesion in Trabecular Meshwork Cells.

Journal Article J Cell Physiol · September 2017 Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired aqueous humor (AH) drainage through the trabecular meshwork (TM). Although dysregulated production and organization of extr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Directional Exosome Proteomes Reflect Polarity-Specific Functions in Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Monolayers.

Journal Article Sci Rep · July 7, 2017 The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retinal barrier in the eye and its polarity is responsible for directional secretion and uptake of proteins, lipoprotein particles and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such a secretional division di ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Complement-Mediated Regulation of Apolipoprotein E in Cultured Human RPE Cells.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · June 1, 2017 PURPOSE: Complement activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and complement activation products such as membrane attack complex (MAC) are present in eyes of individuals with AMD. Herein ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Growth Differentiation Factor-15-Induced Contractile Activity and Extracellular Matrix Production in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · December 1, 2016 PURPOSE: To determine the role and regulation of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a TGF-β-related cytokine in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in the context of aqueous humor (AH) outflow and IOP. METHODS: Regulation of expression by external ... Full text Link to item Cite

Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration (PRCD) Protein Requires N-Terminal S-Acylation and Rhodopsin Binding for Photoreceptor Outer Segment Localization and Maintaining Intracellular Stability.

Journal Article Biochemistry · September 13, 2016 The light-sensing outer segments of photoreceptor cells harbor hundreds of flattened membranous discs containing the visual pigment, rhodopsin, and all the proteins necessary for visual signal transduction. PRCD (progressive rod-cone degeneration) protein ... Full text Link to item Cite

Complement-mediated Apolipoprotein E Accumulation in Cultured Human RPE Cell

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · June 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Studies of Protein Interaction of the Chaperonin CCT in Photoreceptors

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · April 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

Optimization of in vivo crosslinking technique for the study of AlpB-protein interactions in Lysobacter sp. XL1 cells

Journal Article Process Biochemistry · August 1, 2013 The bacterium Lysobacter species strain XL1 is known as a producer of extracellular lytic enzymes, which are capable of degrading cell wall components of other bacteria and simple eukaryotes. This ability determines the ecological, medical and agricultural ... Full text Cite

Proteasome overload is a common stress factor in multiple forms of inherited retinal degeneration.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · June 11, 2013 Inherited retinal degenerations, caused by mutations in over 100 individual genes, affect approximately 2 million people worldwide. Many of the underlying mutations cause protein misfolding or mistargeting in affected photoreceptors. This places an increas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proteomic identification of unique photoreceptor disc components reveals the presence of PRCD, a protein linked to retinal degeneration.

Journal Article J Proteome Res · June 7, 2013 Visual signal transduction takes place on the surface of flat membrane vesicles called photoreceptor discs, which reside inside the light-sensitive outer segment organelle of vertebrate photoreceptor cells. Although biochemical studies have indicated that ... Full text Link to item Cite

Periaxin is required for hexagonal geometry and membrane organization of mature lens fibers.

Journal Article Dev Biol · September 1, 2011 Transparency of the ocular lens depends on symmetric packing and membrane organization of highly elongated hexagonal fiber cells. These cells possess an extensive, well-ordered cortical cytoskeleton to maintain cell shape and to anchor membrane components. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proteomic profiling of a layered tissue reveals unique glycolytic specializations of photoreceptor cells.

Journal Article Mol Cell Proteomics · March 2011 The retina is a highly ordered tissue whose outermost layers are formed by subcellular compartments of photoreceptors generating light-evoked electrical responses. We studied protein distributions among individual photoreceptor compartments by separating t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of cytoskeleton-enriched protein fraction of the trabecular meshwork and ciliary muscle cells.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · December 2010 PURPOSE: To understand the molecular basis for the known distinct contractile characteristics of trabecular meshwork (TM) and ciliary muscle (CM) cells, the cytoskeleton-enriched protein fractions of the TM and CM cells were isolated and characterized. MET ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechanistic basis for the failure of cone transducin to translocate: why cones are never blinded by light.

Journal Article J Neurosci · May 19, 2010 The remarkable ability of our vision to function under ever-changing conditions of ambient illumination is mediated by multiple molecular mechanisms regulating the light sensitivity of rods and cones. One such mechanism involves massive translocation of si ... Full text Link to item Cite

Structural requirements of the photoreceptor phosphodiesterase gamma-subunit for inhibition of rod PDE6 holoenzyme and for its activation by transducin.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 12, 2010 The central enzyme of the visual transduction cascade, cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE6), is regulated by its gamma-subunit (Pgamma), whose inhibitory constraint is released upon binding of activated transducin. It is generally believed that the last four or f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid and sensitive method for detection of Y402, H402, I62, and V62 variants of complement factor H in human plasma samples using mass spectrometry.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · April 2009 PURPOSE: Variations in the complement factor H (CFH) gene are tightly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) across diverse populations. Of the many nonsynonymous coding variants in CFH, two are most strongly associated with increased risk ... Full text Link to item Cite

The outer segment serves as a default destination for the trafficking of membrane proteins in photoreceptors.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · November 3, 2008 Photoreceptors are compartmentalized neurons in which all proteins responsible for evoking visual signals are confined to the outer segment. Yet, the mechanisms responsible for establishing and maintaining photoreceptor compartmentalization are poorly unde ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of lens fiber cell triton insoluble fraction reveals ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) proteins as major cytoskeletal-associated proteins.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · April 11, 2008 To understand lens fiber cell elongation- and differentiation-associated cytoskeletal remodeling, here we identified and characterized the major protein components of lens fiber cell Triton X-100 insoluble fraction by mass spectrometry and immunoblot analy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide high-resolution mapping of exosome substrates reveals hidden features in the Arabidopsis transcriptome.

Journal Article Cell · December 28, 2007 The exosome complex plays a central and essential role in RNA metabolism. However, comprehensive studies of exosome substrates and functional analyses of its subunits are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that as opposed to yeast and metazoans the plant exosom ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lens fiber cell elongation and differentiation is associated with a robust increase in myosin light chain phosphorylation in the developing mouse.

Journal Article Differentiation · October 2007 Myosin II, a molecular motor, plays a critical role in cell migration, cell shape changes, cell adhesion, and cytokinesis. To understand the role of myosin II in lens fiber cell elongation and differentiation, we determined the distribution pattern of nonm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transducin translocation in rods is triggered by saturation of the GTPase-activating complex.

Journal Article J Neurosci · January 31, 2007 Light causes massive translocation of G-protein transducin from the light-sensitive outer segment compartment of the rod photoreceptor cell. Remarkably, significant translocation is observed only when the light intensity exceeds a critical threshold level. ... Full text Link to item Cite

R7BP, a novel neuronal protein interacting with RGS proteins of the R7 family.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 18, 2005 The R7 subfamily of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins is represented by four members broadly expressed in the mammalian nervous system. Here we report that in the brain all four R7 proteins form tight complexes with a previously unidenti ... Full text Link to item Cite

A specific domain of Gialpha required for the transactivation of Gialpha by tubulin is implicated in the organization of cellular microtubules.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · April 25, 2003 G(s)alpha, G(i)alpha(1), and G(q)alpha subunits bind tubulin with high affinity, whereas transducin (G(t)alpha) does not. The interaction between tubulin and Galpha, which also involves the direct transfer of GTP from tubulin to Galpha (transactivation), i ... Full text Link to item Cite

The betagamma subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins interacts with RACK1 and two other WD repeat proteins.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 20, 2002 A yeast two-hybrid approach was used to discern possible new effectors for the betagamma subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. Three of the clones isolated are structurally similar to Gbeta, each exhibiting the WD40 repeat motif. Two of these proteins, the ... Full text Link to item Cite

RGS9-G beta 5 substrate selectivity in photoreceptors. Opposing effects of constituent domains yield high affinity of RGS interaction with the G protein-effector complex.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · October 5, 2001 RGS proteins regulate the duration of G protein signaling by increasing the rate of GTP hydrolysis on G protein alpha subunits. The complex of RGS9 with type 5 G protein beta subunit (G beta 5) is abundant in photoreceptors, where it stimulates the GTPase ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effector enzyme regulates the duration of G protein signaling in vertebrate photoreceptors by increasing the affinity between transducin and RGS protein.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · October 20, 2000 The photoreceptor-specific G protein transducin acts as a molecular switch, stimulating the activity of its downstream effector in its GTP-bound form and inactivating the effector upon GTP hydrolysis. This activity makes the rate of transducin GTPase an es ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional roles of the two domains of phosducin and phosducin-like protein.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 29, 2000 Phosducin and phosducin-like protein regulate G protein signaling pathways by binding the betagamma subunit complex (Gbetagamma) and blocking Gbetagamma association with Galpha subunits, effector enzymes, or membranes. Both proteins are composed of two str ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of G protein beta 5 subunit in regulating transducin GTPase.

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · March 15, 2000 Link to item Cite

The alpha-helical domain of Galphat determines specific interaction with regulator of G protein signaling 9.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · March 26, 1999 RGS proteins (regulators of G protein signaling) are potent accelerators of the intrinsic GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits (GAPs), thus controlling the response kinetics of a variety of cell signaling processes. Most RGS domains that have been s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conformational changes at the carboxyl terminus of Galpha occur during G protein activation.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · January 22, 1999 To understand the dynamics of conformational changes during G protein activation, surface exposed cysteine residues on Galpha were fluorescently labeled. Limited trypsinolysis and mutational analysis of recombinant Galphat/Galphai1 determined that two cyst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular determinants of g protein signaling selectivity

Other FASEB Journal · December 1, 1998 The molecular basis of selectivity in receptor-(î protein coupling has been explored by comparing the abilities of G protein heterotrimers containing chimeric Go subunits, comprised of various regions of Ga,i, Gat and Gft?. to function ally interact with d ... Cite

Molecular basis for interactions of G protein betagamma subunits with effectors.

Journal Article Science · May 22, 1998 Both the alpha and betagamma subunits of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) communicate signals from receptors to effectors. Gbetagamma subunits can regulate a diverse array of effectors, including ion channels and enzymes. Gal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular determinants of selectivity in 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptor-G protein interactions.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 19, 1997 The recognition between G protein and cognate receptor plays a key role in specific cellular responses to environmental stimuli. Here we explore specificity in receptor-G protein coupling by taking advantage of the ability of the 5-hydroxytryptamine1B (5-H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular basis for gβγ-effector interaction: Structural correlation with ga binding site

Conference FASEB Journal · December 1, 1997 This work is a collaborative study by several laboratories directed at localizing sites of interaction between Gβγ, an important mediator of transmembrane signaling, and numerous downstream partners. To this end we have targeted residues on Gβγ that contac ... Cite

Molecular basis for Gβy-dependent interactions

Conference FASEB Journal · December 1, 1997 Gβy-dependent interactions have profound effects on diverse signaling pathways. In many instances, Ga-GDP disrupts interactions between Gβy and its binding partners. The molecular basis of Gβy-dependent interactions with cellular proteins was studied by us ... Cite

Molecular Determinants of Selectivity in Receptor-G protein Interaction

Conference FASEB Journal · January 1, 1997 Helerotrimeric G proteins provide a signal transduction coupling between surface receptors and the effectors that regulate the concentration of the intraccllular second messengers. The specific recognition between G protein and cognate receptor plays a key ... Cite

The 2.0 A crystal structure of a heterotrimeric G protein.

Journal Article Nature · January 25, 1996 The structure of a heterotrimeric G protein reveals the mechanism of the nucleotide-dependent engagement of the alpha and beta gamma subunits that regulates their interaction with receptor and effector molecules. The interaction involves two distinct inter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mapping of effector binding sites of transducin alpha-subunit using G alpha t/G alpha i1 chimeras.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · January 5, 1996 The G protein transducin has been an often-used model for biochemical, structural, and mechanistic studies of G protein function. Experimental studies have been limited, however, by the inability to express quantities of mutants in heterologous systems wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

The carboxyl terminus of the gamma-subunit of rod cGMP phosphodiesterase contains distinct sites of interaction with the enzyme catalytic subunits and the alpha-subunit of transducin.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · June 2, 1995 The interaction between the GTP-bound form of the transducin alpha-subunit (G alpha t) and the gamma-subunit (P gamma) of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a key event in effector activation during photon signal transduction. The carboxyl-terminal half of P ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of transducin GTPase activity in bovine rod outer segments.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · August 5, 1994 The photoreceptor G-protein, transducin, belongs to the class of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins that transfer information from activated seven-span membrane receptors to effector enzymes or ion channels. Like other G-proteins, transducin acts as a mol ... Link to item Cite

Rod cGMP-Phosphodiesterase γ-Subunit: Structure-Function Relationships

Journal Article Methods · January 1, 1993 Cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) is the effector enzyme of vertebrate photoreceptor cells that regulates the level of the second messenger, cyclic GMP. PDE consists of catalytic Pαβ subunits and two inhibitory Pγ subunits. The Pγ subunits keep the enzyme ... Full text Cite

Sites of interaction between rod G-protein alpha-subunit and cGMP-phosphodiesterase gamma-subunit. Implications for the phosphodiesterase activation mechanism.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 15, 1992 In photoreceptor cells of vertebrates light activates a series of protein-protein interactions resulting in activation of a cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE). Interaction between the GTP-bound form of rod G-protein alpha-subunit (alpha t) and PDE inhibitory gam ... Link to item Cite

Site-directed mutagenesis of the inhibitory subunit of retinal rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase.

Journal Article Biomed Sci · March 1990 In order to study the role of individual amino acids in the function of the inhibitory subunit, gamma, of retinal rod phosphodiesterase (PDE), the following substitutions were made: Arg-24----Gly, Lys-29----Thr, Arg-33----Gly, Lys-39----Thr, Lys-41----Thr, ... Link to item Cite

[Synthesis of human proinsulin in Escherichia coli cells].

Journal Article Bioorg Khim · August 1989 Expression of the synthetic gene for human proinsulin in E. coli has been investigated. The proinsulin gene has been expressed directly under the control of a synthetic promoter of phage fd DNA and a promoter of tryptophan operon, or using fusions with fra ... Link to item Cite

[Localization of binding sites of E. coli DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase with photosensitive template analogs].

Journal Article Bioorg Khim · August 1986 The photoinduced covalent binding of E. coli RNA polymerase with decathymidylic templates containing 5-bromouracil residue has been carried out. Peptides from beta and beta' subunits of the core-enzyme, situated in the DNA-template binding site of the RNA ... Link to item Cite

Synthesis of DNA coding for human proinsulin.

Journal Article Gene · November 1984 A chemical-enzymatic synthesis of 271- and 286-bp DNA duplexes, each of which contains the entire sequence coding for human proinsulin has been accomplished. In addition to the coding sequence, the 271-bp fragment carries translation initiation and termina ... Full text Link to item Cite