Scholars@Duke
Stuart L. Pimm

Stuart L. Pimm

Doris Duke Distinguished Professor of Conservation Ecology in the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences
Environmental Sciences and Policy
stuart.pimm@duke.edu
Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708-0328
A301 LSRC, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

When deforestation happens and should not

Journal Article Nature Sustainability · January 1, 2025 Advanced remote sensing shows illegal deforestation as it happens, allowing for prompt action when there is the political will to stop it, argues Stuart Pimm. ... Full text Cite

Local elephant movements, turning angles, and water access across a rainfall gradient in Southern Africa

Journal Article Biological Conservation · August 1, 2024 In the wet season of southern Africa's savannahs, surface water is extensive, allowing elephants to move widely. However, when surface water is restricted in the dry season, elephant use of the landscape is highly dependent on water availability and varies ... Full text Cite

The synergy between protected area effectiveness and economic growth.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · July 2024 Protected areas conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions but might impede local economic growth. Understanding the global patterns and predictors of different relationships between protected area effectiveness and neighboring community economic growth ... Full text Open Access Cite

The Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot: A Comprehensive Dataset for the Mira-Mataje Binational Basins.

Journal Article Scientific data · July 2024 We present a flora and fauna dataset for the Mira-Mataje binational basins. This is an area shared between southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, where both the Chocó and Tropical Andes biodiversity hotspots converge. We systematized data from 120 ... Full text Cite

Tackling debt, biodiversity loss, and climate change.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · May 2024 Experience tells us how to maximize debt-for-nature effectiveness. ... Full text Cite

Protecting and connecting landscapes stabilizes populations of the Endangered savannah elephant.

Journal Article Science advances · January 2024 The influence of protected areas on the growth of African savannah elephant populations is inadequately known. Across southern Africa, elephant numbers grew at 0.16% annually for the past quarter century. Locally, much depends on metapopulation dynamics-th ... Full text Cite

Conservation gaps and priorities of range-restricted birds in the Northern Andes.

Journal Article PeerJ · January 2024 The ongoing destruction of habitats in the tropics accelerates the current rate of species extinction. Range-restricted species are exceptionally vulnerable, yet we have insufficient knowledge about their protection. Species' current distributions, range s ... Full text Cite

THE PURPOSES OF THE ACT

Journal Article Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum · January 1, 2024 Cite

Region-wide retreats from lower elevations of range-restricted birds across the Northern Andes.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · October 2023 Local studies show upslope shifts in the distribution of tropical birds in response to warming temperatures. Unanswered is whether these upward shifts occur regionally across many species. We considered a nearly 2000-km length of the Northern Andes, where ... Full text Cite

From aspiration to implementation of the 30% solution.

Journal Article National science review · September 2023 Full text Cite

Species coexistence by wide constant size spacing.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · February 2023 We consider the distribution of fruit pigeons of the genera Ptilinopus and Ducula on the island of New Guinea. Of the 21 species, between six and eight coexist inside humid lowland forests. We conducted or analyzed 31 surveys at 16 different ... Full text Cite

The rate of species extinction in declining or fragmented ecological communities.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2023 Loss of habitat can take many forms, ranging from the fragmentation of once-continuous habitat to the slow erosion of populations across continents. Usually, the harm leading to biodiversity loss is not immediately obvious: there is an extinction debt. Mos ... Full text Cite

Correction: Batch-produced, GIS-informed range maps for birds based on provenanced, crowd-sourced data inform conservation assessments.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2023 [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259299.]. ... Full text Cite

Using the area of habitat to assess the extent of protection of India's birds

Journal Article Biotropica · November 1, 2022 India hosts multiple global biodiversity hotspots while being one of the most populous countries in the world. Here, we examine how well India has protected its avifauna, based on the fraction of their ranges falling within “protected areas.” India has pro ... Full text Cite

Funding and delivering the routine testing of management interventions to improve conservation effectiveness

Journal Article Journal for Nature Conservation · June 1, 2022 Evidence-based approaches are key for underpinning effective conservation practice, but major gaps in the evidence of the effectiveness of interventions limit their use. Conservation practitioners could make major contributions to filling these gaps but of ... Full text Cite

We can have biodiversity and eat too.

Journal Article Nature food · May 2022 Full text Cite

Thomas Lovejoy (1941-2021).

Journal Article Current biology : CB · May 2022 Stuart Pimm remembers ecologist and conservationist Tom Lovejoy, who coined the term biodiversity. ... Full text Cite

The costs and benefits of primary prevention of zoonotic pandemics.

Journal Article Science advances · February 2022 The lives lost and economic costs of viral zoonotic pandemics have steadily increased over the past century. Prominent policymakers have promoted plans that argue the best ways to address future pandemic catastrophes should entail, "detecting and containin ... Full text Cite

Savannas are vital but overlooked carbon sinks.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · January 2022 Full text Cite

Edward O. Wilson (1929-2021).

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · January 2022 [Figure: see text]. ... Full text Cite

Mapping potential connections between Southern Africa's elephant populations.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2022 Southern Africa spans nearly 7 million km2 and contains approximately 80% of the world's savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) mostly living in isolated protected areas. Here we ask what are the prospects for improving the connections between these popul ... Full text Cite

Developing a model of long-term social rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: the case of the head forward centre.

Journal Article Disability and rehabilitation · November 2021 BackgroundSocial isolation and inactivity are highly problematic long-term consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury. They are rarely addressed by rehabilitation programmes, which focus on early phases of recovery. Day centres, or "drop-in" peer supp ... Full text Cite

The Dynamic Hypercube as a Niche Community Model

Journal Article Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · October 29, 2021 Different models of community dynamics, such as the MacArthur–Wilson theory of island biogeography and Hubbell’s neutral theory, have given us useful insights into the workings of ecological communities. Here, we develop the niche-hypervolume concept of th ... Full text Cite

Reconnecting nature.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · October 2021 The U.N. has declared 2021-2030 the 'decade of restoration' (https://www.decadeonrestoration.org). This initiative aspires to many actions, but its agenda must include 'reconnecting nature'. Even when natural habitats remain, they often come in fragments t ... Full text Cite

Spatial models of giant pandas under current and future conditions reveal extinction risks.

Journal Article Nature ecology & evolution · September 2021 In addition to habitat loss and fragmentation, demographic processes-the vagaries of births, deaths and sex ratio fluctuations-pose substantial threats to wild giant panda populations. Additionally, climate change and plans for the Giant Panda National Par ... Full text Open Access Cite

The global significance of biodiversity science in China: an overview.

Journal Article National science review · July 2021 Biodiversity science in China has seen rapid growth over recent decades, ranging from baseline biodiversity studies to understanding the processes behind evolution across dynamic regions such as the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We review research, including sp ... Full text Cite

What is biodiversity conservation? : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Biodiversity Conservation.

Journal Article Ambio · May 2021 Conservation science is a new and evolving discipline, so it seems prudent to explore different approaches. That said, we should examine what we know and, vitally, what works to conserve biodiversity and what does not. Ecosystem processes determine the fat ... Full text Open Access Cite

The 2020 elephant die-off in Botswana.

Journal Article PeerJ · January 2021 The cause of deaths of 350 elephants in 2020 in a relatively small unprotected area of northern Botswana is unknown, and may never be known. Media speculations about it ignore ecological realities. Worse, they make conjectures that can be detrimental to wi ... Full text Open Access Cite

What we need to know to prevent a mass extinction of plant species

Journal Article Plants People Planet · January 1, 2021 Human actions are driving plant species to extinction at rates a hundred to a thousand times faster than normal. To prevent extinctions, it would be helpful to have a more comprehensive taxonomic catalogue and much greater knowledge of where plant species ... Full text Open Access Cite

Batch-produced, GIS-informed range maps for birds based on provenanced, crowd-sourced data inform conservation assessments.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2021 Accurate maps of species ranges are essential to inform conservation, but time-consuming to produce and update. Given the pace of change of knowledge about species distributions and shifts in ranges under climate change and land use, a need exists for time ... Full text Open Access Cite

Terrestrial mammal conservation: Global evidence for the effects of interventions for terrestrial mammals excluding bats and primates

Book · December 3, 2020 Mendl Mann's autobiographical novel The Fall of Berlin tells the painful yet compelling story of life as a Jewish soldier in the Red Army. Menakhem Isaacovich is a Polish Jew who, after fleeing the Nazis, finds refuge in the USSR. Translated into English f ... Full text Cite

How China expanded its protected areas to conserve biodiversity.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · November 2020 How has the global network of protected areas developed - and which decisions have guided this development? Answering these questions may give insight into what might be possible in the next decade. In 2021, China will host the Convention of Biological Div ... Full text Open Access Cite

Relationship between giant panda populations and selected ecosystem services

Journal Article Ecosystem Services · August 1, 2020 The Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Targets address both biodiversity and ecosystem services. We explore the relationship between giant panda populations and three ecosystem services: carbon sequestration, water retention, and soil retention. Do ... Full text Open Access Cite

Ecology and economics for pandemic prevention.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · July 2020 Full text Open Access Cite

Bird extirpations and community dynamics in an Andean cloud forest over 100 years of land-use change.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · June 2020 Long-term studies to understand biodiversity changes remain scarce-especially so for tropical mountains. We examined changes from 1911 to 2016 in the bird community of the cloud forest of San Antonio, a mountain ridge in the Colombian Andes. We evaluated t ... Full text Open Access Cite

Using metapopulation theory for practical conservation of mangrove endemic birds.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · February 2020 As a landscape becomes increasingly fragmented through habitat loss, the individual patches become smaller and more isolated and thus less likely to sustain a local population. Metapopulation theory is appropriate for analyzing fragmented landscapes becaus ... Full text Open Access Cite

Norman Myers (1934-2019).

Journal Article Nature ecology & evolution · February 2020 Full text Open Access Cite

Terrestrial Mammal Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of interventions for terrestrial mammals excluding bats and primates

Book · January 1, 2020 Terrestrial Mammal Conservation provides a thorough summary of the available scientific evidence of what is known, or not known, about the effectiveness of all of the conservation actions for wild terrestrial mammals across the world (excluding bats and pr ... Full text Cite

District schools and the erosion of parental rights under the Poor Law: a case study from London (1889–1899)

Journal Article Continuity and Change · December 2019 AbstractThis article investigates the empirical backing for the claim that poor law officials needed legal authority to refuse poor parents’ right to the custody of their children in order to stabilise children's welfare in ... Full text Cite

Measuring Terrestrial Area of Habitat (AOH) and Its Utility for the IUCN Red List.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · November 2019 The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species includes assessment of extinction risk for 98 512 species, plus documentation of their range, habitat, elevation, and other factors. These range, habitat and elevation ... Full text Open Access Cite

Measuring resilience is essential if we are to understand it.

Journal Article Nature sustainability · October 2019 "Sustainability", "resilience", and other terms group under the heading of "stability." Their ubiquity speaks to a vital need to characterise changes in complex social and environmental systems. In a bewildering array of terms, practical measurements are e ... Full text Open Access Cite

Protected areas and biodiversity conservation in India

Journal Article Biological conservation · September 2019 Three well-supported generalizations in conservation biology are that developing tropical countries will experience the greatest biodiversity declines in the near future, they are some of the least studied areas in the world, and in these regions especiall ... Full text Open Access Cite

Transforming Protected Area Management in China.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · September 2019 We discuss institutional reforms to China's protected area management. Currently (as elsewhere), protected areas suffer fragmented management, lack of a comprehensive classification, inadequate coverage of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and divided, ... Full text Open Access Cite

Hidden Loss of Wetlands in China.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · September 2019 To counter their widespread loss, global aspirations are for no net loss of remaining wetlands [1]. We examine whether this goal alone is sufficient for managing China's wetlands, for they constitute 10% of the world's total. Analyzing wetland changes betw ... Full text Open Access Cite

The next widespread bamboo flowering poses a massive risk to the giant panda

Journal Article Biological conservation · June 2019 The IUCN Red List has downgraded several species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” that still have largely unknown extinction risks. We consider one of those downgraded species, the giant panda, a bamboo specialist. Massive bamboo flowering could be a natu ... Full text Open Access Cite

The state of the world’s biodiversity

Chapter · January 1, 2019 In this chapter, we ask several simple questions. How many species are there, both named and unnamed? How fast are species now going extinct? How fast do species go extinct normally? And how fast do they diversify and thus might be able to recover from the ... Full text Cite

Deforestation risks posed by oil palm expansion in the Peruvian Amazon

Journal Article Environmental Research Letters · November 1, 2018 Further expansion of agriculture in the tropics is likely to accelerate the loss of biodiversity. One crop of concern to conservation is African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). We examined recent deforestation associated with oil palm in the Peruvian Amazon ... Full text Open Access Cite

Climate change, disease range shifts, and the future of the Africa lion.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · October 2018 Full text Open Access Cite

"Relating through sameness": a qualitative study of friendship and social isolation in chronic traumatic brain injury.

Journal Article Neuropsychological rehabilitation · October 2018 Social isolation has been described as a common problem among traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors during the chronic phase. Due to physical, cognitive and behavioural changes, survivors become less socially active and experience a marked decrease in the ... Full text Cite

Seabird trophic position across three ocean regions tracks ecosystem differences

Journal Article Frontiers in Marine Science · September 7, 2018 We analyze recently collected feather tissues from two species of seabirds, the sooty tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) and brown noddy (Anous stolidus), in three ocean regions (North Atlantic, North Pacific, and South Pacific) with different human impacts. The ... Full text Open Access Cite

How to protect half of Earth to ensure it protects sufficient biodiversity.

Journal Article Science advances · August 2018 It is theoretically possible to protect large fractions of species in relatively small regions. For plants, 85% of species occur entirely within just over a third of the Earth's land surface, carefully optimized to maximize the species captured. Well-known ... Full text Open Access Cite

When feathers flew at a natural-history archive

Journal Article Nature · April 19, 2018 Full text Cite

Planetary Boundaries for Biodiversity: Implausible Science, Pernicious Policies.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · February 2018 The notion of a 'safe operating space for biodiversity' is vague and encourages harmful policies. Attempts to fix it strip it of all meaningful content. Ecology is rapidly gaining insights into the connections between biodiversity and ecosystem stability. ... Full text Open Access Cite

Evaluating marital stability in late-Victorian Camberwell

Journal Article Family & Community History · January 2, 2018 Full text Cite

Reply to Nic Lughadha et al.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · December 2017 Full text Open Access Cite

Free-ranging livestock threaten the long-term survival of giant pandas

Journal Article Biological conservation · December 2017 China has implemented forest policies and expanded protected areas to halt deforestation and protect giant panda habitats. These policies simultaneously encouraged local communities to raise livestock that then freely range in forests. This grazing had uni ... Full text Open Access Cite

A blow to boundaries

Journal Article New Scientist · December 2017 Full text Cite

Reassessing the conservation status of the giant panda using remote sensing.

Journal Article Nature ecology & evolution · November 2017 The conservation status of the iconic giant panda is a barometer of global conservation efforts. The IUCN Red List has downgraded the panda's extinction risk from "endangered" to "vulnerable". Newly obtained, detailed GIS and remotely sensed data applied c ... Full text Open Access Cite

Targeted habitat restoration can reduce extinction rates in fragmented forests.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · September 2017 The Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are two of the most fragmented biodiversity hotspots. Species-area relationships predict that their habitat fragments will experience a substantial loss of species. Most of these extin ... Full text Open Access Cite

Unfulfilled promise of data-driven approaches: response to Peterson et al.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · August 2017 Full text Open Access Cite

The Fate of the World's Plants.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · May 2017 A recent report assessing the world's plant species finds continuing progress in completing the taxonomic catalog. However, many undescribed species remain. The report concludes that, presently, 21% of known species risk extinction. We show this statement ... Full text Open Access Cite

Environment: Hero of local conservation

Journal Article Nature · April 12, 2017 Full text Open Access Cite

Biological extinction at the Vatican.

Journal Article Nature ecology & evolution · April 2017 Full text Open Access Cite

Savanna elephant numbers are only a quarter of their expected values.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2017 Savannas once constituted the range of many species that human encroachment has now reduced to a fraction of their former distribution. Many survive only in protected areas. Poaching reduces the savanna elephant, even where protected, likely to the detrime ... Full text Open Access Cite

Sooty tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) survival, oil spills, shrimp fisheries, and hurricanes.

Journal Article PeerJ · January 2017 Migratory seabirds face threats from climate change and a variety of anthropogenic disturbances. Although most seabird research has focused on the ecology of individuals at the colony, technological advances now allow researchers to track seabird movements ... Full text Open Access Cite

Boma fortification is cost-effective at reducing predation of livestock in a high-predation zone in the Western Mara Region, Kenya

Journal Article Conservation Evidence · January 1, 2017 Lions Panthera leo kill livestock in the pastoral steppe of East Africa. The subsequent lethal retaliation by livestock owners has helped reduce lion numbers by more than 80% and driven the species from most of its historic range. This conflict is especial ... Open Access Cite

The distribution and numbers of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in southern Africa.

Journal Article PeerJ · January 2017 Assessing the numbers and distribution of threatened species is a central challenge in conservation, often made difficult because the species of concern are rare and elusive. For some predators, this may be compounded by their being sparsely distributed ov ... Full text Open Access Cite

The effectiveness of the zoning of China's protected areas

Journal Article Biological Conservation. · December 2016 Increasing human numbers and aspirations threaten protected areas worldwide. China faces especially strong pressure since many people live inside protected areas. It has sought to balance human needs and conservation goals within them by creating mixed zon ... Full text Open Access Cite

Incorporating explicit geospatial data shows more species at risk of extinction than the current Red List.

Journal Article Science advances · November 2016 The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List classifies species according to their risk of extinction, informing global to local conservation decisions. Unfortunately, important geospatial data do not explicitly or efficiently enter t ... Full text Open Access Cite

Navigating the complexity of ecological stability.

Journal Article Ecology letters · September 2016 Human actions challenge nature in many ways. Ecological responses are ineluctably complex, demanding measures that describe them succinctly. Collectively, these measures encapsulate the overall 'stability' of the system. Many international bodies, includin ... Full text Open Access Cite

China's endemic vertebrates sheltering under the protective umbrella of the giant panda.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · April 2016 The giant panda attracts disproportionate conservation resources. How well does this emphasis protect other endemic species? Detailed data on geographical ranges are not available for plants or invertebrates, so we restrict our analyses to 3 vertebrate tax ... Full text Open Access Cite

Conservation: Glass half full

Journal Article Nature · March 9, 2016 Full text Cite

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Journal Article Kyobu geka. The Japanese journal of thoracic surgery · March 2016 Cite

Conservation policy and the measurement of forests

Journal Article Nature Climate Change · January 27, 2016 Deforestation is a major driver of climate change and the major driver of biodiversity loss. Yet the essential baseline for monitoring forest cover - the global area of forests - remains uncertain despite rapid technological advances and international cons ... Full text Cite

Lion populations may be declining in Africa but not as Bauer et al. suggest.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · January 2016 Full text Cite

Remotely Sensed Data Informs Red List Evaluations and Conservation Priorities in Southeast Asia.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2016 The IUCN Red List has assessed the global distributions of the majority of the world's amphibians, birds and mammals. Yet these assessments lack explicit reference to widely available, remotely-sensed data that can sensibly inform a species' risk of extinc ... Full text Open Access Cite

The Impacts of Oil Palm on Recent Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2016 Palm oil is the most widely traded vegetable oil globally, with demand projected to increase substantially in the future. Almost all oil palm grows in areas that were once tropical moist forests, some of them quite recently. The conversion to date, and fut ... Full text Open Access Cite

Protecting global diversity

Journal Article Issues in Science and Technology · January 1, 2016 Cite

Emerging Technologies to Conserve Biodiversity.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · November 2015 Technologies to identify individual animals, follow their movements, identify and locate animal and plant species, and assess the status of their habitats remotely have become better, faster, and cheaper as threats to the survival of species are increasing ... Full text Open Access Cite

Climate change challenges the current conservation strategy for the giant panda

Journal Article Biological Conservation. · October 2015 The global total of protected areas to conserve biodiversity is increasing steadily, while numerous studies show that they are broadly effective. That said, how will current conservation strategies work, given the current and expected changes to the global ... Full text Open Access Cite

Reply to Brown et al.: Species and places are the priorities for conservation, not economic efficiency.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · August 2015 Full text Cite

Estimating the normal background rate of species extinction.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · April 2015 A key measure of humanity's global impact is by how much it has increased species extinction rates. Familiar statements are that these are 100-1000 times pre-human or background extinction levels. Estimating recent rates is straightforward, but establishin ... Full text Open Access Cite

US protected lands mismatch biodiversity priorities.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · April 2015 Because habitat loss is the main cause of extinction, where and how much society chooses to protect is vital for saving species. The United States is well positioned economically and politically to pursue habitat conservation should it be a societal goal. ... Full text Open Access Cite

Species, extinct before we know them?

Journal Article Current biology : CB · March 2015 Species are going extinct rapidly, while taxonomic catalogues are still incomplete for even the best-known taxa. Intensive fieldwork is finding species so rare and threatened that some become extinct within years of discovery. Recent bird extinctions in Br ... Full text Open Access Cite

How Many Plant Species are There, Where are They, and at What Rate are They Going Extinct?

Journal Article Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Missouri Botanical Garden · March 2015 How many flowering plant species are there? Where are they? How many are going extinct, and how fast are they doing so? Interesting in themselves, these are questions at the heart of modern conservation biology. Determining the answers will dictate where a ... Full text Cite

Domestic Policy Focus Highly Important For Protecting Primary Forests

Journal Article Conservation Letters · March 1, 2015 Full text Cite

Bird conservation would complement landslide prevention in the Central Andes of Colombia.

Journal Article PeerJ · January 2015 Conservation and restoration priorities often focus on separate ecosystem problems. Inspired by the November 11th (2011) landslide event near Manizales, and the current poor results of Colombia's Article 111 of Law 99 of 1993 as a conservation measure in t ... Full text Open Access Cite

Overlooked mountain rock pools in deserts are critical local hotspots of biodiversity.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2015 BackgroundThe world is undergoing exceptional biodiversity loss. Most conservation efforts target biodiversity hotspots at large scales. Such approach overlooks small-sized local hotspots, which may be rich in endemic and highly threatened species ... Full text Open Access Cite

Elevational Ranges of Montane Birds and Deforestation in the Western Andes of Colombia.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2015 Deforestation causes habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation, and can ultimately cause extinction of the remnant species. Tropical montane birds face these threats with the added natural vulnerability of narrower elevational ranges and higher specializati ... Full text Open Access Cite

Turnover of breeding bird communities on islands in an inundated lake

Journal Article Journal of biogeography · December 2014 AIM: MacArthur and Wilson's theory of island biogeography proposes that the rate at which species colonize an island depends on the island's isolation (distance effect), whereas the local extinction rate depends on its area (area effect). Alternative hypot ... Full text Cite

Setting practical conservation priorities for birds in the Western Andes of Colombia.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · October 2014 We aspired to set conservation priorities in ways that lead to direct conservation actions. Very large-scale strategic mapping leads to familiar conservation priorities exemplified by biodiversity hotspots. In contrast, tactical conservation actions unfold ... Full text Open Access Cite

The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · May 2014 Recent studies clarify where the most vulnerable species live, where and how humanity changes the planet, and how this drives extinctions. We assess key statistics about species, their distribution, and their status. Most are undescribed. Those we know bes ... Full text Open Access Cite

Ecology: Wilson in Africa

Journal Article Nature · April 2014 Full text Cite

Data-driven discovery of the spatial scales of habitat choice by elephants.

Journal Article PeerJ · January 2014 Setting conservation goals and management objectives relies on understanding animal habitat preferences. Models that predict preferences combine location data from tracked animals with environmental information, usually at a spatial resolution determined b ... Full text Open Access Cite

Conservation: forest fragments, facts, and fallacies.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · December 2013 Most of the world's remaining habitats are split into small fragments that lose species quickly. Knowledge of this fact can guide practical actions to prevent extinctions. ... Full text Cite

Ornithology: World wide wings

Journal Article Nature · November 20, 2013 Full text Cite

Biology: The love of pit vipers

Journal Article Nature · November 7, 2013 Full text Cite

Conserving large populations of lions - the argument for fences has holes.

Journal Article Ecology letters · November 2013 Packer et al. reported that fenced lion populations attain densities closer to carrying capacity than unfenced populations. However, fenced populations are often maintained above carrying capacity, and most are small. Many more lions are conserved per doll ... Full text Cite

Achieving the convention on biological diversity's goals for plant conservation.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · September 2013 Identifying which areas capture how many species is the first question in conservation planning. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aspires to formal protection of at least 17% of the terrestrial world and, through the Global Strategy for Plant C ... Full text Cite

Global patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity and conservation.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · July 2013 Identifying priority areas for biodiversity is essential for directing conservation resources. Fundamentally, we must know where individual species live, which ones are vulnerable, where human actions threaten them, and their levels of protection. As conse ... Full text Cite

Estimating extinction risk with metapopulation models of large-scale fragmentation.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · June 2013 Habitat loss is the principal threat to species. How much habitat remains-and how quickly it is shrinking-are implicitly included in the way the International Union for Conservation of Nature determines a species' risk of extinction. Many endangered specie ... Full text Cite

Careers: A guide to the life scientific

Journal Article Nature · April 2013 Full text Cite

Conservation: The commonness of rarity

Journal Article Nature · January 17, 2013 Full text Cite

The size of savannah Africa: a lion’s (Panthera leo) view

Journal Article Biodivers Conserv. · January 2013 We define African savannahs as being those areas that receive between 300 and 1,500 mm of rain annually. This broad definition encompasses a variety of habitats. Thus defined, savannahs comprise 13.5 million km² and encompass most of the present range of t ... Full text Open Access Cite

Quantitative analysis of forest fragmentation in the atlantic forest reveals more threatened bird species than the current red list.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2013 Habitat loss and attendant fragmentation threaten the existence of many species. Conserving these species requires a straightforward and objective method that quantifies how these factors affect their survival. Therefore, we compared a variety of metrics t ... Full text Open Access Cite

Biodiversity: not just lots of fish in the sea.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · December 2012 'How many species are there?' is a basic question about life. From Acoela worms to Zoantharia corals, oceans are taxonomically more divergent than land. Answering the question requires many experts. ... Full text Cite

Conservation: Backyard jungles

Journal Article Nature · November 8, 2012 Full text Cite

What we know and don't know about Earth's missing biodiversity.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · September 2012 Estimates of non-microbial diversity on Earth range from 2 million to over 50 million species, with great uncertainties in numbers of insects, fungi, nematodes, and deep-sea organisms. We summarize estimates for major taxa, the methods used to obtain them, ... Full text Cite

Critical habitat and the role of peer review in government decisions

Journal Article BioScience · July 1, 2012 With few exceptions, the US Endangered Species Act requires the designation of "critical habitat" for threatened and endangered species. This provides important protections, including a prohibition against adverse modification of designated habitat by fede ... Full text Cite

Taxonomy that matters: Response to Bacher

Journal Article Trends in Ecology and Evolution · February 1, 2012 Full text Cite

The size of savannah Africa: a lion’s view

Journal Article Biodiversity and Conservation · 2012 Open Access Link to item Cite

How conservation GIS leads to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Journal Article Natureza a Conservacao · December 1, 2011 Success in conservation requires that everyone maximize his or her individual impact, because resources are limited and the challenge of saving biodiversity is great. Ten years ago, we asked how best a small, but energetic and passionate group could act to ... Full text Cite

Response to Collins et al. (2011)

Journal Article Journal of Biogeography · December 1, 2011 We note serious problems in Collins et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2011, doi: ): failure to use over 80% of the available data; failure to use one of the two available archipelagoes; mistaken inclusion of four species; and reliance on a grossly inadequat ... Full text Cite

Evolution of human–ape relationships remains open for investigation

Journal Article Journal of biogeography. · December 2011 We demonstrate that much of the morphological and metrical data Lehtonen et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2011, 38, 805–808) present in support of a closer relationship between humans and chimpanzees than between humans and orangutans are faulty. When the ... Full text Cite

The population ecology and social behaviour of taxonomists.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · November 2011 Full text Cite

Biodiversity hotspots house most undiscovered plant species.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · August 2011 For most organisms, the number of described species considerably underestimates how many exist. This is itself a problem and causes secondary complications given present high rates of species extinction. Known numbers of flowering plants form the basis of ... Full text Cite

Counting India's wild tigers reliably.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · May 2011 Full text Cite

Constraints to species' elevational range shifts as climate changes.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · February 2011 Predicting whether the ranges of tropical species will shift to higher elevations in response to climate change requires models that incorporate data on topography and land use. We incorporated temperature gradients and land-cover data from the current ran ... Full text Cite

How many species of flowering plants are there?

Journal Article Proceedings. Biological sciences · February 2011 We estimate the probable number of flowering plants. First, we apply a model that explicitly incorporates taxonomic effort over time to estimate the number of as-yet-unknown species. Second, we ask taxonomic experts their opinions on how many species are l ... Full text Open Access Cite

Threats from oil and gas projects in the western amazon

Chapter · January 1, 2011 The western Amazon is the most biologically rich part of the Amazon basin and is home to a great diversity of indigenous ethnic groups, including some of the world’s last uncontacted peoples living in voluntary isolation. Unlike the eastern Brazilian Amazo ... Cite

How the World Bank funds protected areas

Journal Article Conservation Letters · January 1, 2011 The World Bank is the largest international funder of biodiversity conservation. It invests in protected areas to conserve species and spaces, protect ecosystems, and provide food, shelter, and other ecosystem services to local communities. It spends on av ... Full text Cite

Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2011 BackgroundSpecies may respond to a warming climate by moving to higher latitudes or elevations. Shifts in geographic ranges are common responses in temperate regions. For the tropics, latitudinal temperature gradients are shallow; the only escape ... Full text Open Access Cite

The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year investigation

Journal Article Biological conservation · January 2011 We synthesize findings to date from the world’s largest and longest-running experimental study of habitat fragmentation, located in central Amazonia. Over the past 32years, Amazonian forest fragments ranging from 1 to 100ha have experienced a wide array of ... Full text Cite

How many endangered species remain to be discovered in Brazil?

Journal Article Natureza a Conservacao · December 1, 2010 How many species are likely as-yet unknown to science? Even in relatively well-known groups, there may be substantial numbers of such species. It seems likely that these unknown species will be rare and threatened with extinction. Indeed, science may not d ... Full text Cite

Elephant survival, rainfall and the confounding effects of water provision and fences

Journal Article Biodiversity and conservation. · July 2010 Elephant are increasing across some areas of Africa leading to concerns that they may reduce woodlands through their feeding. Droughts may help limit elephant numbers, but they are generally both episodic and local. To explore more general impacts of rainf ... Full text Cite

Avian conservation priorities in a top-ranked biodiversity hotspot

Journal Article Biological conservation · April 2010 Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil has one of the most diverse and most endangered avifaunas in the continental Americas. Many of these endangered birds are endemic to the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, and some even endemic to Rio de Janeiro itself. As ... Full text Cite

Stuart Pimm.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · March 2010 Full text Cite

On nestedness in ecological networks

Journal Article Evolutionary Ecology Research · January 1, 2010 Questions: Are interaction patterns in species interaction networks different from what one expects by chance alone? In particular, are these networks nested - a pattern where resources taken by more specialized consumers form a proper subset of those take ... Open Access Cite

Importance of estimating dispersal for endangered bird management

Journal Article Conservation Letters · January 1, 2010 Endangered species recovery plans are frustrated by small, spatially structured populations where understanding the influence of birth, death, and dispersal is difficult. Here we use a spatially explicit, long-term study to describe dispersal in the Cape S ... Full text Cite

Extinctions and the practice of preventing them

Journal Article Conservation Biology for All · 2010 Cite

Achieving success with small, translocated mammal populations

Journal Article Conservation Letters · December 2009 AbstractTranslocations are increasingly important tools for endangered species conservation, but their success is often uncertain. We analyzed 125 time series of grazing mammal translocations in South African protected area ... Full text Cite

Elephant seasonal vegetation preferences across dry and wet savannas

Journal Article Biological conservation · December 2009 As African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) become increasingly confined to smaller fragmented landscapes, concern over their potential detrimental impacts on vegetation and biodiversity has increased. Understanding elephant vegetation preferences ac ... Full text Cite

Fences and artificial water affect African savannah elephant movement patterns

Journal Article Biological Conservation. · December 2009 The IUCN Redlist considers the African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana) to be “vulnerable” despite it numbering in the 100,000s and having a large geographical range. This seeming paradox stems from how quickly human persecution can eliminate elephan ... Full text Cite

Biodiversity and REDD at Copenhagen.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · November 2009 Full text Cite

Reciprocal specialization in ecological networks.

Journal Article Ecology letters · September 2009 Theories suggest that food webs might consist of groups of species forming 'blocks', 'compartments' or 'guilds'. We consider ecological networks - subsets of complete food webs - involving species at adjacent trophic levels. Reciprocal specializations occu ... Full text Cite

Testing island biogeography theory with visitation rates of birds to British islands

Journal Article Journal of biogeography · August 2009 We consider three hypotheses - MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography theory (IBT), Lack's habitat diversity idea and the 'target effect'- that explain the pattern of decreased species richness on small and distant islands. We evaluate these hypotheses ... Full text Cite

Pairwise co-existence of Bismarck and Solomon landbird species

Journal Article Evolutionary Ecology Research · July 1, 2009 Questions: Can the difference between chance and pattern be determined by the composition of species across islands in an archipelago? In particular, will one find 'checkerboards' - a pattern of mutual exclusivity that is the simplest pattern that might oc ... Cite

Climate disruption and biodiversity.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · July 2009 'Global warming' may be a familiar term, but it is seriously misleading. Human actions are causing a massive disruption to the planet's climate that is severe, rapid, very variable over space and time, and highly complex. The biosphere itself is complex an ... Full text Cite

Endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow Survival

Journal Article The Journal of Wildlife Management. · May 2009 We investigated survival for male, female, and first-year Cape Sable seaside sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis, hereafter sparrows), a federally endangered bird restricted to the Florida Everglades, USA. Accurate estimates of survival are critical t ... Full text Cite

Climate Disruption and Biodiversity

Journal Article CURRENT BIOLOGY · 2009 `Global warming' may be a familiar term, but it is seriously misleading. Human actions are causing a massive disruption to the planet's climate that is severe, rapid, very variable over space and time, and highly complex. The biosphere itself is complex an ... Cite

Reserves protect against deforestation fires in the Amazon.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2009 BackgroundReserves are the principal means to conserve forests and biodiversity, but the question of whether reserves work is still debated. In the Amazon, fires are closely linked to deforestation, and thus can be used as a proxy for reserve effe ... Full text Cite

On population growth near protected areas.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2009 BackgroundProtected areas are the first, and often only, line of defense in efforts to conserve biodiversity. They might be detrimental or beneficial to rural communities depending on how they alter economic opportunities and access to natural res ... Full text Cite

How we got to be top dog

Journal Article Update · 2009 Cite

Mapping and exploring the distribution of the Vulnerable grey-winged cotinga Tijuca condita

Journal Article ORYX · October 1, 2008 The grey-winged cotinga Tijuca condita was first described in 1980 from an old specimen, misidentified as a congener. Field observations came later, from two remote, high-elevation forests in the mountains of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both involved only a fe ... Full text Cite

Effects of future infrastructure development on threat status and occurrence of Amazonian birds.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · August 2008 Researchers predict that new infrastructure development will sharply increase the rate and extent of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. There are no predictions, however, of which species it will affect. We used a spatially explicit model that predicts ... Full text Cite

Oil and gas projects in the Western Amazon: threats to wilderness, biodiversity, and indigenous peoples.

Journal Article PloS one · August 2008 BackgroundThe western Amazon is the most biologically rich part of the Amazon basin and is home to a great diversity of indigenous ethnic groups, including some of the world's last uncontacted peoples living in voluntary isolation. Unlike the east ... Full text Open Access Cite

On the protection of "protected areas".

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 2008 Tropical moist forests contain the majority of terrestrial species. Human actions destroy between 1 and 2 million km(2) of such forests per decade, with concomitant carbon release into the atmosphere. Within these forests, protected areas are the principle ... Full text Cite

Satellites miss environmental priorities. Response to Loveland et al. and Kark et al.:

Journal Article Trends in Ecology and Evolution · April 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Range size and extinction risk in forest birds.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · February 2008 Small geographical range size is the single best predictor of threat of extinction in terrestrial species. Knowing how small a species' range has to be before authorities consider it threatened with extinction would allow prediction of a species' risk from ... Full text Cite

Biodiversity: climate change or habitat loss - which will kill more species?

Journal Article Current biology : CB · February 2008 Habitat loss and climate change both kill off species. New studies show that the latter is a potent threat. Worse, its victims will likely be mostly those not presently threatened by habitat loss. ... Full text Cite

Range size and extinction risk in forest birds.

Journal Article Conservation Biology · 2008 Cite

Missing links in food-chain story

Journal Article Nature · 2008 Cite

Imagine immortal elephants

Journal Article ORYX · January 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Rules of habitat use by elephants Loxodonta africana in southern Africa: Insights for regional management

Journal Article ORYX · January 1, 2008 Managers in southern Africa are concerned that continually increasing elephant populations will degrade ecosystems. Culling, translocation and birth control are flawed solutions. An alternative is providing elephants more space but this hinges on identifyi ... Full text Cite

Satellites miss environmental priorities.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · December 2007 Full text Cite

Abundance, distribution and conservation of Rio Branco Antbird Cercomacra carbonaria and Hoary-throated Spinetail Synallaxis kollari

Journal Article Bird Conservation International · September 1, 2007 Cercomacra carbonaria and Synallaxis kollari are passerine birds endemic to the gallery forests of Roraima state in northernmost Brazil and adjacent Guyana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species lists both as Vulnerable but they have been removed from Br ... Full text Cite

Imagine a better world

Journal Article Nature · July 2007 Full text Cite

Africa: still the "dark continent".

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · June 2007 Full text Cite

Dispersal of Amazonian birds in continuous and fragmented forest.

Journal Article Ecology letters · March 2007 Many ecologists believe birds disappear from tropical forest fragments because they are poor dispersers. We test this idea using a spatially explicit capture data base from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project near Manaus, Brazil. We measure ... Full text Cite

Imagine a better world

Journal Article Nature · 2007 Cite

Ambient temperature as a determinant of landscape use in the savanna elephant, Loxodonta africana

Journal Article Journal of Thermal Biology · January 1, 2007 Elephants occur in landscapes where temperatures can reach 50 °C. Due to their large size they may face physiological problems of dissipating heat during such high temperatures. In spite of this, no one seems to have considered ambient temperature as limit ... Full text Cite

Human impacts on the rates of recent, present, and future bird extinctions.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · July 2006 Unqualified, the statement that approximately 1.3% of the approximately 10,000 presently known bird species have become extinct since A.D. 1500 yields an estimate of approximately 26 extinctions per million species per year (or 26 E/MSY). This is higher th ... Full text Cite

Ecological networks and their fragility.

Journal Article Nature · July 2006 Darwin used the metaphor of a 'tangled bank' to describe the complex interactions between species. Those interactions are varied: they can be antagonistic ones involving predation, herbivory and parasitism, or mutualistic ones, such as those involving the ... Full text Cite

The genetic rescue of the Florida panther

Journal Article Animal Conservation · May 1, 2006 We examine the consequences of panthers introduced from Texas into south Florida, an area housing a small, isolated, inbred and distinct subspecies (Puma concolor coryi). Once part of a continuous, widespread population, panthers became isolated in south F ... Full text Cite

Breeding birds on small islands: island biogeography or optimal foraging?

Journal Article The Journal of animal ecology · March 2006 1. We test MacArthur and Wilson's theory about the biogeography of communities on isolated habitat patches using bird breeding records from 16 small islands off the coasts of Britain and Ireland. 2. A traditional examination of patterns of species richness ... Full text Cite

Local extinctions in flocking birds in Amazonian forest fragments

Journal Article Evolutionary Ecology Research · January 1, 2006 Questions: Does the tendency to join flocks predispose a bird species to local or global extinction? Does the ability to revise particular social preferences in fragmented landscapes confer greater persistence? Do solitary species of birds persist longer i ... Cite

The various Christian ethics of species conservation

Journal Article Religion and the new ecology: environmental prudence in a world in flux. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana · 2006 Cite

Comment pr{\'e}server la biodiversit{\'e}

Journal Article Pour la science · 2006 Cite

Refining biodiversity conservation priorities

Journal Article Conservation Biology · December 1, 2005 Although there is widespread agreement about conservation priorities at large scales (i.e., biodiversity hotspots), their boundaries remain too coarse for setting practical conservation goals. Refining hotspot conservation means identifying specific locati ... Full text Cite

Sustaining the variety of life.

Journal Article Scientific American · September 2005 Full text Cite

Community convergence in disturbed subtropical dune forests

Journal Article Ecology · January 1, 2005 Do communities return to their former state when we disturb them? The answer is "surely not always," since some disturbances may be so devastating that recovery will be impossible. If communities do recover, then how fast is that recovery? Do different sub ... Full text Cite

SUSTAINING THE

Journal Article SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN · 2005 Cite

CATEGORIES OF PLANKTON

Journal Article Water Encyclopedia: Oceanography; meteorology; physics and chemistry; water law; and water history, art, and culture · 2005 Cite

ECOLOGY IN THE LARGE: GAIA AND GENGHIS KHAN'

Journal Article Narrow Roads of Gene Land: The Collected Papers of WD Hamilton Volume 3: Last Words · 2005 Cite

Bird species' tolerance of secondary forest habitats and its effects on extinction

Journal Article Conservation Biology · December 1, 2004 Intense deforestation causes massive species losses. These losses occur because the habitats supplanting primary forest are inadequate to sustain viable populations of forest-dependent species. Despite this, certain species do seem to persist within the se ... Full text Cite

Ecology. Domains of diversity.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · May 2004 Full text Cite

Growing biodiversity

Journal Article Nature · 2004 Cite

Rates of species loss from Amazonian forest fragments.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2003 In the face of worldwide habitat fragmentation, managers need to devise a time frame for action. We ask how fast do understory bird species disappear from experimentally isolated plots in the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, central Amazon, ... Full text Cite

Expiry dates.

Journal Article Nature · November 2003 Full text Cite

Predicted correspondence between species abundances and dendrograms of niche similarities.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · April 2003 We examine a hypothesized relationship between two descriptions of community structure: the niche-overlap dendrogram that describes the ecological similarities of species and the pattern of relative abundances. Specifically, we examine the way in which thi ... Full text Cite

Demonstrating the destruction of the habitat of the Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis)

Journal Article Animal Conservation · February 1, 2003 The Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) is Federally protected under the Endangered Species Act of the United States of America. This legislation prohibits direct or indirect take - the killing or harming - of the protected species. ... Full text Cite

Why sparrow distributions do not match model predictions

Journal Article Animal Conservation · February 1, 2003 A companion paper in this issue describes the mapping of Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) habitat using satellite imagery. In general, those maps are correct. However, testing against an independent survey of the sparrow populati ... Full text Cite

Evolutionary biology: Expiry dates

Journal Article NATURE-LONDON- · 2003 Cite

How big is the global weed patch?

Journal Article Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden · January 1, 2003 Invasive species are a major global threat to both biodiversity and agriculture and thus are a high priority for conservation science. Governments recognize this and are devoting increasing resources toward solving the problem. Even so, there is inadequate ... Full text Cite

The last extinction?

Journal Article Foreign Policy · January 1, 2003 Full text Cite

Protecting China's Biodiversity

Journal Article Science · 2003 Link to item Cite

The creation of diverse prairie-like communities

Journal Article Community Ecology · December 1, 2002 We tested the prediction that we are more likely to create persistent, species-rich plant communities by increasing the number of species sown and allowing communities to assemble over six or seven growing seasons. Treatments consisted of four initial seed ... Full text Cite

The effect of hydrological patterns and breeding-season flooding on the numbers and distribution of wading birds in Everglades National Park

Journal Article Animal Conservation · August 1, 2002 Field ecologists in Everglades National Park know that the dynamics of water flow affect the breeding success of wading birds. A number of recent studies have suggested foraging success as the primary causal link. Data on the number and location of foragin ... Full text Cite

Hat die viefalt des lebens auf der erde eine zukunft?

Journal Article Nature und Kultur · 2002 Cite

No more moa

Journal Article Nature · 2002 Cite

Range-wide risks to large populations: the Cape Sable sparrow as a case history

Journal Article Population viability analysis · 2002 Cite

The dodo went extinct (and other ecological myths)

Journal Article Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden · January 1, 2002 The scientific consensus is that human impacts are driving species to extinction hundreds to thousands of times faster than expected from the natural background rate. Critics challenge this. Perhaps giving them more credit than they deserve, I examine four ... Full text Cite

Erratum: Can we defy nature's end? (Science (Sept. 21) 2207)

Journal Article Science · October 26, 2001 Cite

Environment. Can we defy nature's end?

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · September 2001 Full text Cite

Beyond eight forms of rarity: Which species are threatened and which will be next?

Journal Article Animal Conservation · August 1, 2001 We tabulate three measures of rarity: local abundance, breeding range size and elevational extent for the passerine birds of the New World. We determine what fraction of species is threatened with extinction within the combinations of these three measures. ... Full text Cite

The implications of Cape Sable seaside sparrow demography for Everglades restoration

Journal Article Animal Conservation · August 1, 2001 The Cape Sable seaside sparrow is a Federally listed endangered species endemic to south Florida's Everglades. It nests near the ground in seasonally dry prairies. Consequently, the timing and depth of seasonal water flows determine its fate. With water ma ... Full text Cite

African elephants and contraception.

Journal Article Nature · June 2001 Full text Cite

Entrepreneurial insects.

Journal Article Nature · May 2001 Full text Cite

Cenozoic dramas

Journal Article Science · 2001 Cite

No need to worry about the future

Journal Article Nature · 2001 Cite

Against Triage

Journal Article Science · September 29, 2000 The California Condor A Saga of Natural History and Conservation. Noel and Helen Snyder. AP Natural World (Academic Press), San Diego, 2000. 432 pp. $29.95. ISBN 0-12-654005-5. ... Full text Cite

Biodiversity is us

Journal Article Oikos · July 2000 Full text Cite

Biodiversity. Extinction by numbers.

Journal Article Nature · February 2000 Full text Cite

Measuring the millennium

Journal Article Oikos · January 1, 2000 Full text Cite

The world at our fingertips

Journal Article Oikos · January 1, 2000 Full text Cite

The sixth extinction: how large, where, and when

Journal Article Nature and Human Society: The quest for a sustainable world · 2000 Cite

Conservation connections

Journal Article Trends in Ecology and Evolution · January 1, 2000 Full text Cite

Against triage

Journal Article Science · 2000 Cite

Seeing both the woods and the trees

Journal Article Nature · December 1999 Full text Cite

Trophic Mass-Balance Model of Alaska's Prince William Sound Ecosystem, for the Post-Spill Period 1994-1996

Journal Article Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report · December 1, 1999 A better understanding of the whole Prince William Sound (PWS) food web and its dynamics was achieved by constructing a balanced trophic model using the Ecopath approach. The PWS model was a cohesive synthesis of the overall biotic community with a focus o ... Cite

Threat from deforestation to montane and lowland birds and mammals in insular South-east Asia

Journal Article Journal of Animal Ecology · November 1, 1999 1. A reduction in forest area should result in a reduction of its number of species and, moreover, do so in a characteristic way according to the familiar species-area relationship. Brooks, Pimm and Collar (1997) applied this formula to the losses in fores ... Full text Cite

Time lag between deforestation and bird extinction in tropical forest fragments.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · October 1999 Full text Cite

Relative risk of extinction of passerine birds on continents and islands

Journal Article Nature · May 20, 1999 Greater numbers and higher proportions of recent species extinctions have been on islands rather than on continents. In contrast, predictions of massive future extinctions stem from the current clearing of continental, tropical forests. For instance, since ... Full text Cite

Forest losses predict bird extinctions in eastern North America

Journal Article · May 1, 1999 A study was conducted to analyze the distribution of bird species and the timing and extent of forest loss in eastern North America. Forest losses were not concurrent across the region. Calculations predicted fewer extinctions than the number observed. ... Cite

When does restoration succeed

Journal Article Ecological assembly rules: perspectives, advances, retreats · 1999 Cite

The dynamics of the flows of matter and energy

Journal Article Advanced ecological theory · 1999 Cite

Culling and the dynamics of the Kruger National Park African elephant population

Journal Article Animal Conservation · January 1, 1999 South Africa's National Parks Board has opted to control African elephants (Loxodonta africana) through culling in the Kruger National Park (KNP). Killing elephants is highly controversial. The Board must balance this controversy against the probable destr ... Full text Cite

Seeing both the woods and the trees

Journal Article Nature · 1999 Cite

Trophic Mass-Balance Model of Alaska's Prince William Sound Ecosystem, for the Post-Spill Period 1994-1996

Journal Article Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report · 1999 A better understanding of the whole Prince William Sound (PWS) food web and its dynamics was achieved by constructing a balanced trophic model using the Ecopath approach. The PWS model was a cohesive synthesis of the overall biotic community with a focus o ... Cite

The form of the curves: A direct evaluation of Macarthur and Wilson's classic theory

Journal Article Journal of Animal Ecology · September 1, 1998 1. We calculate the yearly numbers of bird species immigrating to-and becoming extinct on-13 small islands of the British Isles, using a long and relatively complete data record. 2. We estimate the size of the colonist pool for each island using four metho ... Full text Cite

The forest fragment classic

Journal Article Nature · May 7, 1998 Full text Cite

Planning for biodiversity

Journal Article Science · March 27, 1998 Full text Cite

Population dynamics of the endangered Cape Sable seaside-sparrow

Journal Article Animal Conservation · January 1, 1998 The Cape Sable seaside-sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) has disappeared from its only known breeding areas episodically since its discovery early this century. Systematic surveys across its range in the southern Everglades find the sparrow's range ... Full text Cite

Managing the elephants of Kruger National Park

Journal Article Animal Conservation · January 1, 1998 The elephant population in Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, is growing rapidly. To prevent damage to the Park's ecosystems, the management has culled about 7% of the population annually. Such culls are very controversial. At first glance, co ... Full text Cite

Population dynamics of the endangered Cape Sable seaside-sparrow

Journal Article Animal Conservation · 1998 Cite

Managing nature by coin tossing

Journal Article South African Journal of Science · January 1, 1998 Cite

Water levels, rapid vegetational changes, and the endangered Cape Sable seaside-sparrow

Journal Article Animal Conservation · January 1, 1998 The legally endangered Cape Sable seaside-sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) is restricted to short-hydroperiod, marl prairies within Florida's Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve. Marl prairies are typified by dense, mixed sta ... Full text Cite

2.1 The human future and extinctions: crisis or conspiracy?

Journal Article Conservation science and action · 1998 Cite

Extinction

Journal Article Conservation science and action · 1998 Cite

Tropical rainforests: diversity begets diversity.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · July 1997 Tropical rainforests exhibit an extraordinarily high level of biological diversity. A new study shows that the patterns of seedling survival surrounding parent trees are responsible in large part for this amazing diversity. ... Full text Cite

Estimating the cultural value of the oceans

Journal Article Nature · May 1997 Full text Cite

Deforestation predicts the number of threatened birds in Insular Southeast Asia.

Journal Article Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · April 1997 Full text Cite

Agriculture: In search of perennial solutions

Journal Article Nature · January 1, 1997 Full text Cite

Assembling ecological communities in time and space

Journal Article Oikos · January 1, 1997 Ecological communities do not spring into existence overnight, but develop during the process we call assembly. As in other complex systems, random assemblies may generate surprising patterns. In previous models, sequential invasion and extinction moved su ... Full text Cite

The value of everything

Journal Article Nature · January 1, 1997 Economists and ecologists have joined forces to estimate the annual value of the services that Earth's ecosystems provide. Most services lie outside the market and are hard to calculate, yet minimum estimates equal or exceed global gross national product. ... Full text Cite

In search of perennial solutions

Journal Article Nature · 1997 Cite

The evaluation of biodiversity as a target for conservation

Journal Article The Ecological Basis of Conservation: Heterogeneity, Ecosystems, and Biodiveristy. Chapman \& Hall, New York · 1997 Cite

Response: extinction rates.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · July 1996 Full text Cite

Population variability of sparrows in space and time

Journal Article Oikos · January 1, 1996 The abundance of a species through time and across space, and the variability of that abundance, determines the species' persistence within its geographic range. We investigated the relationship between abundance and variability of nine species of grasslan ... Full text Cite

Food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics

Journal Article Trends in Ecology \& Evolution · 1996 Cite

Designer ecosystems

Journal Article Nature · 1996 Cite

Biological diversity: where is it?

Journal Article Ecosystem management: selected readings · 1996 Cite

Lessons from a kill.

Journal Article Biodiversity and conservation. · January 1996 Full text Cite

Brown fables, green wit

Journal Article Nature · 1996 Cite

Food Webs (GA Polis and KO Winemiller, eds)

Journal Article TRENDS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION · 1996 Cite

Ecology: engineered food webs.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · January 1996 An important new study shows that, in a food web, the strengths and arrangement of the interactions between species are determining factors of stability of the system. ... Full text Cite

Extinction rates - Response

Journal Article SCIENCE · 1996 Cite

On models for assembling ecological communities

Journal Article Oikos · January 1, 1996 Previous numerical studies of community assembly have found (1) that invasion resistance increases with time, and (2) that different assembly sequences typically result in different community endpoints. The algorithm used in these studies involved sequenti ... Full text Cite

Designer ecosystems

Journal Article Nature · January 1996 Full text Cite

The lonely earth.

Journal Article World conservation · January 1996 Cite

Extinction rates [4]

Journal Article Science · January 1, 1996 Cite

Nature lovers and other villains

Journal Article Nature · November 1995 Full text Cite

Forest losses predict bird extinctions in eastern North America.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · September 1995 Claims that there will be a massive loss of species as tropical forests are cleared are based on the relationship between habitat area and the number of species. Few studies calibrate extinction with habitat reduction. Critics raise doubts about this calib ... Full text Cite

BODY COUNT - REPLY

Journal Article SCIENCES-NEW YORK · July 1995 Cite

On the nature of population extremes

Journal Article Evolutionary Ecology · July 1, 1995 Much ecology considers only the typical size of a population, yet extreme values may be of particular importance. Unusually low numbers may doom a population to extinction and unusually high numbers may pose an economic threat. Extreme values may also dete ... Full text Cite

The future of biodiversity.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · July 1995 Recent extinction rates are 100 to 1000 times their pre-human levels in well-known, but taxonomically diverse groups from widely different environments. If all species currently deemed "threatened" become extinct in the next century, then future extinction ... Full text Cite

Dead Reckoning

Journal Article The Sciences · March 4, 1995 Full text Cite

Beyond the forest primaeval

Journal Article Nature · March 1995 Full text Cite

Bibliographie

Journal Article Mammalia · January 1, 1995 Full text Cite

SEEDS OF OUR OWN DESTRUCTION

Journal Article NEW SCIENTIST · 1995 Cite

Extinction rates. Modern extinctions in the kilo-death range.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · January 1995 For some groups of species, extinction rates are orders of magnitude higher than expected background rates--many species now last nearer a fateful second than their destined hour. ... Full text Cite

A century of turnover: Community dynamics at three timescales

Journal Article Journal of Animal Ecology · January 1, 1995 Full text Cite

Beyond the forest primaeval

Journal Article Nature · 1995 Cite

Nature lovers and other villains

Journal Article Nature · 1995 Cite

BIODIVERSITY - MANAGING NATURE WHEN THERE ARE NO ILL WINDS

Journal Article CURRENT BIOLOGY · 1995 Interspecific interactions affect biodiversity, but in unpredictable ways that change over time and space. There is little evidence for the `ill wind that blows no good' to any species. So how can we manage nature? ... Cite

Managing nature when there are no 'ill winds'

Journal Article Current Biology · 1995 Interspecific interactions affect biodiversity, but in unpredictable ways that change over time and space. There is little evidence for the 'ill wind that blows no good' to any species. So how can we manage nature? ... Cite

Forest loss predict bird extinction in eastern North America

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci USA · 1995 Cite

The birdwatcher's handbook: a guide to the natural history of the birds of Britain and Europe

Journal Article The birdwatcher's handbook: a guide to the natural history of the birds of Britain and Europe · December 1, 1994 After an introductory note on how to use the guide and pointers on observing and recording bird biology, information is provided on 516 species which regularly breed in Europe and adjacent parts of the Middle East and North Africa. For each species the fol ... Cite

An American tale

Journal Article Nature · July 1994 Full text Cite

What the Woods Won't Whisper

Journal Article The Sciences · May 6, 1994 Full text Cite

Biological diversity. Species: would any of them be missed?

Journal Article Current biology : CB · May 1994 Contrary to the view taken by some, individual species matter: they are valuable for their contribution to the stability of the ecosystems they inhabit. ... Full text Cite

ON REAUTHORIZATION OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT

Journal Article CONSERVATION BIOLOGY · March 1994 Cite

Tropical diversity and global change.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · February 1994 Full text Cite

The importance of watching birds from airplanes.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · February 1994 Full text Cite

The birdwatcher's handbook: a guide to the natural history of the birds of Britain and Europe

Journal Article The birdwatcher's handbook: a guide to the natural history of the birds of Britain and Europe · January 1, 1994 After an introductory note on how to use the guide and pointers on observing and recording bird biology, information is provided on 516 species which regularly breed in Europe and adjacent parts of the Middle East and North Africa. For each species the fol ... Cite

Bird extinctions in the central Pacific

Journal Article Philosophical Transactions - Royal Society of London, B · January 1, 1994 The first wave of human colonists spread across the Pacific from 4000-1000 yr ago. That they caused many extinctions is well known from fossil finds. The authors estimate how many fossil bird species were missed (roughly half) and so estimate the true exti ... Cite

Bird Extinctions in the Central Pacific [and Discussion]

Journal Article Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · 1994 Cite

Population fluctuation in phytophagous insects

Journal Article Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America;(United States) · 1994 Cite

The management of endangered species

Journal Article Biodiversity and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica Monograph Series No · 1994 Cite

Cassandra versus Pangloss

Journal Article Nature · 1994 Cite

An American tale

Journal Article Nature: International weekly journal of science · 1994 Cite

The Ornithology XI

Journal Article Ecology · 1994 Cite

Bird Extinctions in the Central Pacific: Discussion

Journal Article Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions Series B · 1994 Cite

Field Notes

Journal Article Sciences-New York · 1994 Cite

The management of endangered birds

Conference BIODIVERSITY AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS · 1994 Cite

SURVIVAL TIMES OF BIRD POPULATIONS - A REPLY

Journal Article AMERICAN NATURALIST · December 1993 Cite

Survival times of bird populations: A reply [to Haila and Hanski]

Journal Article American Naturalist · December 1, 1993 Full text Cite

Times to extinction for small populations of large birds.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 1993 A major practical problem in conservation biology is to predict the survival times-"lifetimes"-for small populations under alternative proposed management regimes. Examples in the United States include the 'Alala (Hawaiian Crow; Corvus hawaiiensis) and Nor ... Full text Cite

Ecosystem dynamics: nature's short, sharp shocks.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · May 1993 Full text Cite

Life on an intermittent edge.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · February 1993 Full text Cite

Discussion: understanding indirect effects: is it possible

Journal Article Mutualism and Community Organization. Oxford University Press, Oxford · 1993 Cite

Improving Food Webs

Journal Article Ecology · January 1993 Full text Cite

Body sizes of animal predators and animal prey in food webs

Journal Article Journal of Animal Ecology · January 1, 1993 In c90% of the feeding links among the animal species with known sizes, a larger predator consumes a smaller prey. Larger predators eat prey with a wider range of body sizes than do smaller predators. The geometric mean predator size increases with the siz ... Full text Cite

Nature's short, sharp shocks

Journal Article Current Biology · 1993 A recent experimental study confirms theoretical predictions of how the response of an ecosystem to a perturbation depends on the structure of its food web. ... Cite

Non-metabolic explanations for the relationship between body size and animal abundance

Journal Article Journal of Animal Ecology · January 1, 1993 Metabolic constraints are the usual explanation for the relationship between body size and species abundance in natural assemblages of animals. In some assemblages, abundance scales with body weight to the -0.75 power. Metabolic rate scales as weight raise ... Full text Cite

The assembly of ecological communities: a minimalist approach

Journal Article Journal of Animal Ecology · January 1, 1993 Communities develop through community assembly, in which species invade, persist, or become extinct. Community assembly is a sequence of different community states. Each state is a unique combination of species' presence or absence. The community transitio ... Full text Cite

Biological diversity: where is it?

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · February 1992 Full text Cite

Productivity, disturbance and food web structure at a local spatial scale in experimental container habitats

Journal Article Oikos · January 1, 1992 Using water-filled container analogues of natural treeholes placed in a subtropical rainforest, the source of energy in both experimental and natural systems was detrital leaves. Ten-fold and hundred-fold reductions in energy input reduced food chain lengt ... Full text Cite

Frog ponds and ocean iron

Journal Article Nature · January 1, 1992 Full text Cite

Natural enemies and community dynamics

Journal Article Natural Enemies · 1992 Cite

Falling victim to politics

Journal Article Nature · April 1991 Full text Cite

HUMAN-POPULATION GROWTH AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY

Journal Article BIOSCIENCE - SOCIETY · 1991 Cite

Crying wolf in North America

Journal Article Nature · January 1, 1991 Full text Cite

Falling victim to politics

Journal Article Nature · 1991 Cite

Food web patterns and their consequences

Journal Article Nature · January 1, 1991 A food web is a map that describes which kinds of organisms in a community eat which other kinds. A web helps picture how a community is put together and how it works. Although webs were often initially reported in despair at ever understanding ecological ... Full text Cite

The extent of complex population changes in nature

Journal Article Evolutionary Ecology · April 1, 1990 Many models of animal populations show complex yet predictable patterns of density changes under simple and plausible assumptions. Yet one previous attempt to determine the extent and importance of complex dynamics concluded that they were likely only in s ... Full text Cite

The decline of the Newfoundland crossbill

Journal Article Trends in Ecology and Evolution · January 1, 1990 Full text Cite

Carnivores and ecologists on the road to damascus

Journal Article Trends in Ecology and Evolution · January 1, 1990 Full text Cite

Rapid Evolution of Character Displacement in Myzomelid Honeyeaters

Journal Article The American Naturalist · November 1989 Full text Cite

Plausible alternatives to bottlenecks to explain reduced genetic diversity.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · June 1989 Full text Cite

An agenda for conservation action

Journal Article Conservation for the twenty-first century. Oxford University Press, New York · 1989 Cite

Theoretical issues in conservation biology

Journal Article Perspectives in ecological theory · 1989 Cite

Bird population densities [9]

Journal Article Nature · January 1, 1989 Full text Cite

Communities oceans apart?

Journal Article Nature · January 1, 1989 Full text Cite

Theories of predicting success and impact of introduced species

Journal Article Biological invasions: a global perspective · 1989 Cite

Rapid morphological change in an introduced bird

Journal Article Trends in Ecology & Evolution · November 1988 Full text Cite

The variability of population densities

Journal Article Nature · January 1, 1988 The variability of population densities over time (henceforth called population variability) is one of several meanings of ecological stability1. Here we show that estimates of the variability of population densities increase as we increase the number of y ... Full text Cite

Population variability and polyphagy in herbivorous insect communities

Journal Article Ecological Monographs · January 1, 1988 Examined British aphids, British moths, and Canadian Macrolepidoptera. Degree of polyphagy was negatively correlated or uncorrelated with population variability, ie highly polyphagous species have a weak tendency to be less variable than host specialists. ... Full text Cite

On the risks of extinction

Journal Article American Naturalist · January 1, 1988 Well-known theoretical predictions are that the risk of extinction should decrease with maximum population size (K) and should increase with the temporal coefficient of variation in population size (CV). In an unvarying environment, where extinction is cau ... Full text Cite

Energy flow and trophic structure

Journal Article Concepts of ecosystem ecology · January 1, 1988 A simple energy flow hypothesis is inadequate to explain the patterns of food chain lengths observed in nature: although the species at the end of the food chain are limited by their food supply, a good correlaiton between overall level of energy flow and ... Full text Cite

Morphological assortment in introduced Hawaiian passerines

Journal Article Evolutionary Ecology · April 1, 1987 To evaluate the role of competition in structuring communities, we conducted morphological analyses on the surviving species of passerine birds that were successfully introduced to the Hawaiian islands. Forty-nine species have been introduced a total of 11 ... Full text Cite

Determining the effects of introduced species.

Journal Article Trends in ecology & evolution · April 1987 People have moved species around the world for millenia, sometimes by accident, but often with considerable enthusiasm. English garden birds in New Zealand are merely quaint curiosities introduced by settlers wanting the familiar species of their former ho ... Full text Cite

ECOLOGICAL STABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MULTISPECIES FISHERIES

Journal Article CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES · 1987 Cite

Ecological stability in the context of multispecies fisheries

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · 1987 Cite

The snake that ate Guam.

Journal Article Trends in Ecology & Evolution · January 1, 1987 The extermination of the entire avian community on Guam has resulted from the introduced snake, Boiga irregularis, which first appeared in Guam in the late 1940s or early 1950s and probably arrived as a passive stowaway in a military cargo. -from Author ... Full text Cite

Insect outbreaks and community structure

Journal Article Insect outbreaks · January 1, 1987 Pest outbreaks in agricultural systems do not appear to be an ecologically inevitable consequence of trophic simplicity. Populations do appear to become more resilient as the system's trophic structure becomes simpler. Insect pest outbreaks may be consider ... Full text Cite

The determinants of food chain lengths.

Journal Article Oikos · January 1, 1987 Reviews natural variation in the food chains of phytotelmata - water-filled plant-bodies. Here the role of disturbances may be the major factor in determining their food chains. Tadpoles of a small frog actually avoid the most productive systems. Larvae of ... Full text Cite

The dynamics of multispecies, multi-life-stage models of aquatic food webs

Journal Article Theoretical Population Biology · January 1, 1987 We investigated the dynamics of models of aquatic food webs using stability analysis methods previously applied to other types of food web models. Our models expanded traditional Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions in several ways. We added ... Full text Cite

Ecological stability in the context of multispecies fisheries

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · January 1, 1987 The most likely species to invade a harvested community are those most similar to the harvested species, except in their propensity to be harvested. Most communities are not resistant to removals of top predators; large changes in species composition usual ... Full text Cite

Filling niches carefully.

Journal Article Trends in Ecology & Evolution · January 1, 1986 Argues that sympatric speciation may have been responsible for most of the species - and certainly the most persistent ones - in a system, evaluating the mechanism for this (elimination of intermediate genotypes) and adducing evidence from the fossil recor ... Full text Cite

The extent of competition in shaping an introduced avifauna

Journal Article Community ecology · 1986 Cite

Community stability and structure.

Journal Article CONSERVATION BIOLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF SCARCITY AND DIVERSITY. · 1986 Cite

Estimating competition coefficients from census data.

Journal Article Oecologia · December 1985 Full text Cite

Competition and Food Selection: Field Tests of a Theory

Journal Article Ecology · June 1985 A graphical model describing the optimal choices of two species competing for resources in two types of habitats is tested with hummingbirds in the field. In this model, both species prefer taking resources from one of the habitat types. However, o ... Full text Cite

The origin of helping: the role of variability in reproductive potential.

Journal Article Journal of theoretical biology · February 1985 We investigate the relationship between variation in reproductive potential among members of a family and genetic relatedness to determine which combinations favor natural selection for helping behavior. Conditions favoring helping are derived for the help ... Full text Cite

The complexity and stability of ecosystems

Journal Article Nature · December 1, 1984 Early studies suggested that simple ecosystems were less stable than complex ones, but later studies came to the opposite conclusion. Confusion arose because of the many different meanings of 'complexity' and 'stability'. Most of the possible questions abo ... Full text Cite

The complexity and stability of ecosystems

Journal Article Nature · 1984 Cite

RESOURCE COMPETITION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE - TILMAN,D

Journal Article LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY · 1983 Cite

Community assembly and food web stability

Journal Article Mathematical Biosciences · January 1, 1983 The ecological assembly of food web is considered as a process of predator colonizations and extinctions. The results of computer simulations using predator-prey equations allow us to identify three types of food web stability and examine how they may chan ... Full text Cite

Food Webs.(Book Reviews: Food Webs)

Journal Article Science · 1983 Cite

Complexity, diversity, and stability: a reconciliation of theoretical and empirical results ( grazing).

Journal Article American Naturalist · January 1, 1983 In model grazing systems, examines the relationship between complexity and the lack of change in total plant biomass (biomass stability) following removal of an herbivore. Systems with relatively few plant species are expected to be more stable than system ... Full text Cite

The introduced Hawaiian avifauna: biogeographic evidence for competition ( passeriforms, columbiforms).

Journal Article American Naturalist · January 1, 1983 Discusses the patterns of introduction and extinction of the species of land birds (passeriforms and columbiforms) introduced to the Hawaiian Islands over the last century. Data are consistent with the idea that rising extinction rates will eventually matc ... Full text Cite

Food webs

Chapter · 1982 Full text Cite

Resource use, competition, and resource availability in Hawaiian honeycreepers.

Journal Article Ecology · January 1, 1982 Rosenzweig's models predict 3 occasions where resource scarcity will be accompanied by specialization: 1) In the shared-preference case, the dominant may be unable to exploit the poorer patch. If it can, it is likely to drive the subordinate to extinction, ... Full text Cite

Competitors and Habitat Use

Journal Article Oikos · July 1981 Full text Cite

Bounds on food web connectance

Journal Article Nature · December 1, 1980 Full text Cite

Are Food Webs Divided into Compartments?

Journal Article The Journal of Animal Ecology · October 1980 Full text Cite

Properties of Food Webs

Journal Article Ecology · April 1980 On the assumption that systems of interacting species, when perturbed from equilibrium, should return to equilibrium quickly, one can predict four properties of foods web; (1) food chains should be short, (2) species feeding on more then one trophi ... Full text Cite

Some real communities are unstable (reply)

Journal Article Nature · December 1, 1979 Full text Cite

The structure of food webs.

Journal Article Theoretical population biology · October 1979 Full text Cite

Direct Estimation of Competition

Journal Article The American Naturalist · April 1979 Full text Cite

Sympatric speciation: a simulation model

Journal Article Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · January 1, 1979 A model of mating and population growth dependent on competition that suggests circumstances under which sympatric speciation might occur is described. The model is similar to one in a companion paper by Rosenzweig in that a heterozygote genotype, involvin ... Full text Cite

Cave Communities and Statistical Inference

Journal Article The American Naturalist · January 1979 Full text Cite

On feeding on more than one trophic level [18]

Journal Article Nature · December 1, 1978 IN trying to understand the structure of ecological communities, ecologists usually pay particular attention to the interactions between pairs, or small groups of species1. Questions about the 'shape' of the food webs within which these species are embedde ... Full text Cite

Niche overlaps.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · December 1978 Full text Cite

An experimental approach to the effects of predictability on community structure

Journal Article Integrative and Comparative Biology · September 1, 1978 This paper considers the effects of different levels of resource predictability on niche widths, competition and diversity in a community of three hummingbird species. Three pairs of hypotheses are tested: whether decreasing predictability (a) increases or ... Full text Cite

On feeding on more than one trophic level

Journal Article Nature · 1978 Cite

Number of trophic levels in ecological communities

Journal Article Nature · December 1, 1977 ECOLOGICAL food chains are typically short, consisting of not more than four or five trophic levels. This is usually explained by a reduction in the energy which is available to successive links in the food chain1,2. In contrast, we believe that the number ... Full text Cite

Existence Metabolism

Journal Article The Condor · April 1976 Full text Cite

ESTIMATION OF DURATION OF BIRD MOLT

Journal Article CONDOR · 1976 Cite

MOLT OF EUROPEAN WHITETHROAT

Journal Article CONDOR · 1973 Cite

MOLT IN SWALLOW

Journal Article BIRD STUDY · 1972 Cite

Food of the Common gull on grassland in autumn and winter

Journal Article Bird Study · January 1, 1970 Full text Cite