Scholars@Duke
William Ward Hurd

William Ward Hurd

Professor Emeritus of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility

Selected Publications

Clinical Reproductive Medicine and Surgery: A Practical Guide, Fourth Edition

Book · January 1, 2022 Now in a completely revised and expanded fourth edition, including two new chapters, this user-friendly textbook offers a succinct overview of both the medical and surgical management of reproductive disorders, as well as coverage of associated imaging mod ... Full text Cite

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Chapter · January 1, 2022 Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is defined as bleeding from the nonpregnant uterus occurring outside the parameters of normal menstruation. AUB accounts for approximately 30% of all gynecology visits. Classification systems have been developed to organize ... Full text Cite

Gynecologic Laparoscopy

Chapter · January 1, 2022 Laparoscopy is one of the most important surgical tools available to the gynecologist and is the surgical approach of choice for a variety of intra-abdominal problems. Knowledge and judgment are required to understand which conditions should and should not ... Full text Cite

Preface to the Fourth Edition

Journal Article Clinical Reproductive Medicine and Surgery A Practical Guide Fourth Edition · January 1, 2022 Cite

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Chapter · January 1, 2022 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the single most common endocrine disorder affecting at least 10% of reproductive-aged women. The syndrome is most commonly diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria in the presence of any two of these three condition ... Full text Cite

To treat or not to treat: perceptions of the initial American Society for Reproductive Medicine COVID-19 recommendations among women's health providers.

Journal Article J Assist Reprod Genet · March 2021 PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of the initial ASRM COVID-19 recommendations for infertility treatment held by women's health providers within varying subspecialties, as well as their attitudes toward pregnancy and ferti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Testing and interpreting measures of ovarian reserve: a committee opinion.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · December 2020 Ovarian reserve is defined as the number of oocytes remaining in the ovary, or oocyte quantity (oocyte number). Markers of ovarian reserve include hormone levels and sonographically measured features of the ovaries. These markers can be useful as predictor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recommendations for reducing the risk of viral transmission during fertility treatment with the use of autologous gametes: a committee opinion.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · December 2020 Sexually transmitted infections are of major concern to reproductive specialists. Heading the list are human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and hepatitis B and C viruses. These pathogens, which may cause incurable chronic infections, can be transmitte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitochondria in Ovarian Aging and Reproductive Longevity.

Journal Article Ageing Res Rev · November 2020 Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging. Consistently mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and function decline with age in various tissues. There is increasing evidence to support that mitochondrial dysfunction drives ovarian aging. A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME): diagnostic criteria for T-shaped uterus.

Journal Article Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol · June 2020 OBJECTIVES: To identify uterine measurements that are reliable and accurate to distinguish between T-shaped and normal/arcuate uterus, and define T-shaped uterus, using Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME) methodology, which uses as reference ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evidence-based treatments for couples with unexplained infertility: a guideline.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · February 2020 OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing physicians and others regarding the effectiveness and safety of therapies for unexplained infertility. METHODS: ASRM conducted a literature search, which included systematic reviews, meta-a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interpretation of clinical trial results: a committee opinion.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · February 2020 This document provides guidance, background, and tips on how to recognize quality trials and focuses on evaluating the validity, importance, and relevance of clinical trial results. This document replaces the document of the same name, last published in 20 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postoperative adhesions in gynecologic surgery: a committee opinion.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · September 2019 Postoperative adhesions are a natural consequence of surgical tissue trauma and healing and may result in infertility, pain, and bowel obstruction. Adherence to microsurgical principles and minimally invasive surgery may help to decrease postoperative adhe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fertility and Ovarian Reserve among Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Journal Article J Rheumatol · May 2019 OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify causes for infertility in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Women with RA were matched to healthy controls. Differences in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and anovulation were analyzed. RESULTS: Women ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fertility treatment when the prognosis is very poor or futile: an Ethics Committee opinion.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · April 2019 The Ethics Committee recommends that in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers develop patient-centered policies regarding requests for futile treatment. In most cases, clear communication can avoid a direct conflict, but clinicians ethically may refuse to prov ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hysteroscopic Endometrial Polypectomy with Manual Vacuum Aspiration Compared to Mechanical Morcellation.

Journal Article J Minim Invasive Gynecol · 2019 STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of hysteroscopy plus manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for endometrial polypectomy compared with hysteroscopic morcellation. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: D ... Full text Link to item Cite

The two FIGO systems for normal and abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: 2018 revisions.

Journal Article Int J Gynaecol Obstet · December 2018 BACKGROUND: The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) systems for nomenclature of symptoms of normal and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the reproductive years (FIGO AUB System 1) and for classification of causes of AUB (FIGO AUB ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical, Hormonal, and Metabolic Parameters in Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal Article J Womens Health (Larchmt) · May 2018 BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in reproductive age women, yet its clinical presentation shares similarities with several other endocrine disorders such as thyroid disease. Hence, the objective of this study w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME): better criteria for distinguishing between normal/arcuate and septate uterus?

Journal Article Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol · January 2018 OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of agreement between experts in distinguishing between septate and normal/arcuate uterus using their subjective judgment when reviewing the coronal view of the uterus from three-dimensional ultrasound. Another aim was to det ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Effect of Age and Body Mass Index on the Surgical Anatomy of Supraumbilical Port Insertion: Implications for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery.

Journal Article Gynecol Obstet Invest · 2018 BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery is the preferred approach for performing many gynecologic procedures. Occasionally, supraumbilical port placement may be preferable to optimize visibility and maneuverability although the risks of complications are le ... Full text Link to item Cite

On the Road to Safer Morcellation.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · June 2017 Full text Link to item Cite

What Is New in Minimally Invasive Surgery?: Best Articles From the Past Year.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · March 2017 Minimally invasive hysterectomy has a number of well-documented advantages compared with open hysterectomy, including lower complication rates, lower cost, and faster recovery. In this retrospective study of almost 10,000 women undergoing minimally invasiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

State Insurance Mandates and Multiple Birth Rates After In Vitro Fertilization.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · December 2016 OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between state-mandated insurance coverage for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and the incidence of multiple birth while controlling for differences in baseline patient characteristics. METHODS: We conducted a retrospectiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modified Open Laparoscopy Using a 5-mm Laparoscope.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · March 2016 BACKGROUND: In an effort to minimize injuries associated with closed laparoscopic entry, many surgeons use a 10-mm standard open laparoscopy technique. Disadvantages of this open technique are that it requires a larger incision, fascial sutures, and does n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proteoglycans in Leiomyoma and Normal Myometrium: Abundance, Steroid Hormone Control, and Implications for Pathophysiology.

Journal Article Reprod Sci · March 2016 Uterine leiomyoma are a common benign pelvic tumors composed of modified smooth muscle cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM). The proteoglycan composition of the leiomyoma ECM is thought to affect pathophysiology of the disease. To test th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Waiting to Conceive After an Early Pregnancy Loss.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · February 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Abundance and Localization of Progesterone Receptor Isoforms in Endometrium in Women With and Without Endometriosis and in Peritoneal and Ovarian Endometriotic Implants.

Journal Article Reprod Sci · September 2015 BACKGROUND: Several studies suggest that resistance to progesterone may contribute to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Progesterone mediates its biological activity via the 2 progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms (PR-A and PR-B). Effects of progesterone ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does progesterone supplementation improve pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate and intrauterine insemination treatment cycles?

Journal Article Gynecol Endocrinol · March 2015 AIM: To investigate the effect of empiric use of luteal phase progesterone supplementation to improve endometrial receptivity in women undergoing treatment with clomiphene citrate in combination with intrauterine insemination (CC-IUI). DESIGN: Retrospectiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endometriosis

Chapter · January 1, 2015 Introduction Endometriosis is one of the most common reproductive diseases affecting women of reproductive age. The most common symptoms of endometriosis are pelvic pain and infertility. Less commonly, endometriosis results in cyclic bleeding or pain in a ... Full text Cite

Relationship between human chorionic gonadotropin serum levels and the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Journal Article Gynecol Endocrinol · April 2014 The object of this retrospective cohort study was to determine if hCG levels correlate with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) risk after adjustment for other risk factors during in vitro fertilization (IVF). We measured serum hCG approximately 12 h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for management of ovarian endometriomas.

Journal Article JSLS · 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare our initial experience in laparoscopic surgery for ovarian endometriomas performed through an umbilical incision using a single 3-channel port and flexible laparoscopic instrumentation versus traditional laparoscopy. M ... Full text Link to item Cite

Standardization of laparoscopic pelvic examination: A proposal of a novel system

Journal Article Minimally Invasive Surgery · December 1, 2013 Objective. Laparoscopic pelvic assessment is often performed in a nonstandardized fashion depending on the surgeon's discretion. Reporting anatomic findings is inconsistent and lesions in atypical locations may be missed. We propose a method for systematic ... Full text Cite

What is new in intrauterine devices? Best articles from the past year.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · October 2013 This month, we focus on current research about intrauterine devices. Dr. Hurd discusses four recent publications, and each is concluded with a "bottom line" that is the take-home message. The complete reference for each can be found in on this page, along ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conflicts of interest and medical publishing.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · September 2013 Full text Link to item Cite

Hypoplastic vagina, partial vaginal septum, and coexisting hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: An unusual case of primary amenorrhea

Journal Article Journal of Gynecologic Surgery · February 1, 2013 Background: Diagnosing a cause of primary amenorrhea can be challenging when multiple organ systems are affected. This article presents a patient with the rare combination of hypoplastic vagina, partial vaginal septum, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism whe ... Full text Cite

Robotic-assisted hysterectomy for the management of severe endometriosis: a retrospective review of short-term surgical outcomes.

Journal Article JSLS · 2013 OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to examine the safety and feasibility of robotic-assisted laparoscopy in a cohort of women treated surgically for stage III and IV endometriosis. The secondary objective was to explore whether the stage of endometriosi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polycystic ovary syndrome and diabetes screening: a survey of gynecologists and reproductive endocrinologists.

Journal Article Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol · June 2012 OBJECTIVES: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to assess self-reported methods used by specialists in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) and in reproductive end ... Full text Link to item Cite

Progesterone receptor-A and -B have opposite effects on proinflammatory gene expression in human myometrial cells: implications for progesterone actions in human pregnancy and parturition.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · May 2012 CONTEXT: Progesterone promotes uterine relaxation during pregnancy and its withdrawal induces labor. Progesterone withdrawal in human parturition is mediated in part by changes in the relative levels of the nuclear progesterone receptor isoforms, PR-A and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proteoglycans of uterine fibroids and keloid scars: similarity in their proteoglycan composition.

Journal Article Biochem J · April 15, 2012 Fibrosis is the formation of excess and abnormal fibrous connective tissue as a result of either a reparative or reactive process. A defining feature of connective tissue is its extracellular matrix, which provides structural support and also influences ce ... Full text Link to item Cite

The potential for community exposures to pathogens from an urban dairy.

Journal Article J Environ Health · March 2012 The objectives of the study described in this article were to evaluate the variation and transport of fungal and bacterial concentrations in the air of a northern Mexico dairy cattle confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) and to determine the concentrati ... Link to item Cite

Diagnosis and management of endometrial hyperplasia.

Journal Article J Minim Invasive Gynecol · 2012 Endometrial hyperplasia (EH), with or without atypia, is a common gynecologic diagnosis and a known precursor of endometrial carcinoma, the most common gynecologic malignancy. During the reproductive years, the risk of EH is increased by conditions associa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in patients with benign adnexal disease: a comparative study.

Journal Article Gynecol Obstet Invest · 2012 BACKGROUND: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) is becoming increasingly popular in different disciplines. Evidence is scarce about its utility in gynecologic surgery. AIM: To compare our initial experience using LESS for benign adnexal disease to ... Full text Link to item Cite

The risk of umbilical hernia and other complications with laparoendoscopic single-site surgery.

Journal Article J Minim Invasive Gynecol · 2012 STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of umbilical hernia and other latent complications in women who underwent laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) for a gynecologic indication. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized clinical study (Canadian Task For ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and autotransplantation

Chapter · January 1, 2012 This chapter focuses on an approach to protecting ovarian tissue: the surgical removal and cryopreservation of ovarian tissue (ovarian cortical fragments or the intact ovary) prior to cancer therapy, followed by later autotransplantation. The obvious advan ... Full text Cite

Cardiac myxoma presenting as dyspnea after cesarean delivery

Journal Article Case Reports in Medicine · January 1, 2012 Introduction. Dyspnea during pregnancy and in the immediate postpartum or postoperative period is a relatively common symptom that can be an early sign of a life threatening condition. The differential diagnosis is broad and can represent a wide variety of ... Full text Cite

Comparison of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance screening methods for women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · October 2011 OBJECTIVE: To compare screening strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (pre-DM), and insulin resistance (IR) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Academic reproductive endocri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply of the authors

Journal Article Fertility and Sterility · October 1, 2011 Full text Cite

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog cotreatment for preservation of ovarian function during gonadotoxic chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · March 1, 2011 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog cotreatment with chemotherapy provides better reproductive outcomes for women at risk of premature ovarian failure (POF) as a side-effect of gonadotoxic chemotherapy. DESIGN: Syst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laparoendoscopic single-site salpingectomy in isthmic and ampullary ectopic pregnancy: preliminary report and technique.

Journal Article J Minim Invasive Gynecol · 2011 This prospective cohort study reports our initial experience with laparoscopic surgery in ectopic pregnancy performed exclusively through an umbilical incision using a single 3-channel port. Since September 2009, we have performed single-port laparoscopic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Avoiding major vessel injury during laparoscopic instrument insertion.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am · September 2010 Major vessel injuries during laparoscopy most commonly occur during insertion of Veress needle and port trocars through the abdominal wall. This article reviews methods for avoiding major vessel injury while gaining laparoscopic access, including anatomic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surgical strategies for fertility preservation in women with cancer

Journal Article Current Women S Health Reviews · May 1, 2010 Survival has significantly improved for women diagnosed with cancer during the reproductive years. The majority of these women will desire children after completion of their cancer therapy. Future fertility often is eliminated or impaired by surgical remov ... Full text Cite

Current diagnosis and treatment of interstitial pregnancy.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · January 2010 The incidence of interstitial pregnancy is rising. Traditional treatment with laparotomy, hysterectomy, or cornual wedge resection is associated with high morbidity and detrimental effects on future fertility. A diverse array of alternate treatments has be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recognition and management of major vessel injury during laparoscopy.

Journal Article J Minim Invasive Gynecol · 2010 Laparoscopy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the United States. Injury to a major retroperitoneal vessel occurs in 0.3% to 1.0% of procedures, most commonly during laparoscopic entry while placing the Veress needle or primary trocar. Fat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Left upper quadrant laparoscopic placement: effects of insertion angle and body mass index on distance to posterior peritoneum by magnetic resonance imaging.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · November 2009 OBJECTIVE: To determine the ideal angle for insertion of laparoscopic instruments at Palmer's point. STUDY DESIGN: Abdominal magnetic resonance images were reviewed for 75 women between ages 18 and 50 years old. The distance from the skin to the retroperit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ectopic pregnancy: role of laparoscopic treatment.

Journal Article Clin Obstet Gynecol · September 2009 Ectopic pregnancy is a common condition with the immediate risk of life-threatening hemorrhage and subsequent risks of infertility and recurrence. Despite remarkable advances in diagnosis and treatment, ectopic pregnancies account for 9% of all maternal de ... Full text Link to item Cite

Robotic gynecologic surgery.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · July 2009 Full text Link to item Cite

Seasonal changes in airborne fungi and bacteria at a dairy cattle concentrated animal feeding operation in the southwest United States.

Journal Article J Environ Health · May 2009 The objective of this study was to evaluate a dairy located in the arid southwest United States to determine the concentrations and seasonal variation of airborne fungi and bacteria and to determine the percentage of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aur ... Link to item Cite

Recent Innovations in Minimally Invasive Surgery and Implications for Gynecology

Journal Article Journal of Gynecologic Surgery · May 1, 2009 Advances in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) have dramatically changed the approach to many gynecologic diseases. Three MIS innovations that have recently been introduced or reintroduced are robotic surgery, natural orifice transluminal surgery (NOTES), an ... Full text Cite

Rectovaginal examinations and human papillomavirus: can we decrease the risk of colorectal infection?

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · March 2008 Rectovaginal examination with gloves contaminated with vaginal secretions might increase the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) inoculation of the rectum in women with genital HPV infections. Because of the high prevalence of asymptomatic genital HPV infec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential regulation of myometrial prostaglandin production by changes in length.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · February 2008 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether stretching and shortening of human myometrial strips alters prostaglandin production. STUDY DESIGN: We measured 6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha (PGF1alpha; a PGI2 metabolite) and PGF2alpha in the c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of a drinking water - Wastewater cross-connection simulation

Journal Article Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science · January 1, 2008 Quantitative microbial risk assessment is a useful way to predict the incidence of infection and illness within a community following exposure to pathogens. We used this risk assessment technique to determine the expected number of Salmonella infections an ... Full text Cite

Effects of peritoneal closure and suture material on adhesion formation in a rabbit model.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · December 2007 OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether postoperative adhesions to the peritoneum beneath the anterior abdominal wall incision could be decreased by peritoneal closure using less reactive suture material. STUDY DESIGN: Six longitudinal abdo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laparoscopic positioning and nerve injuries.

Journal Article J Minim Invasive Gynecol · 2007 Full text Link to item Cite

Physician roles in aeromedical evacuation: current practices in USAF operations.

Journal Article Aviat Space Environ Med · June 2006 Physicians play an increasingly important role in the critical medical process of aeromedical evacuation (AE). Incomplete or inappropriate preparation for AE can result in increased patient discomfort, and in the worst cases, potentially serious or insurmo ... Link to item Cite

Effect of magnesium sulfate on contractile force and intracellular calcium concentration in pregnant human myometrium.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · May 2006 OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on contractile force and increases in free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in human myometrial strips from pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: Simultaneous me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Challenges to our understanding of endometriosis pain.

Journal Article J Minim Invasive Gynecol · 2006 Endometriosis remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge despite decades of clinical experience and research. The multiple treatment options for endometriosis described in this symposium clearly indicate how difficult it can be to diagnose and effectiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Shortening increases spontaneous contractility in myometrium from pregnant women at term.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · April 2005 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether shortening alters spontaneous contractility in myometrial strips that are obtained from pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: Isometric contractions were measured in myometrial strips that were obtained ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnesium sulfate induces translocation of protein kinase C isoenzymes alpha and delta in myometrial cells from pregnant women.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · February 2004 OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of magnesium sulfate on protein kinase C (PKC) translocation in myometrial cells from pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: Myometrium was obtained at the time of cesarean delivery from women at ter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Keys to minimizing liability in obstetrics

Journal Article Contemporary Ob Gyn · December 1, 2003 Cite

Visualization of the epigastric vessels and bladder before laparoscopic trocar placement.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · July 2003 OBJECTIVE: Transillumination and laparoscopic visualization are two techniques recommended to minimize the risks of injury to abdominal wall structures during insertion of secondary trocars. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of these t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient rotation and resolution of unilateral cornual obstruction during hysterosalpingography.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · June 2003 OBJECTIVE: Unilateral obstruction of the proximal fallopian tube is identified in 10-24% of patients undergoing hysterosalpingography for evaluation of infertility. Upon further testing, this obstruction spontaneously resolves 16-80% of the time. We hypoth ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metabolic regulation of collagen I in fibroblasts isolated from normal peritoneum and adhesions by dichloroacetic acid.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · December 2002 OBJECTIVE: We have previously demonstrated that collagen I, a major component of postoperative adhesions, is differentially regulated in fibroblasts isolated from normal human peritoneum and adhesions. Collagen I messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are significant ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnesium sulfate inhibits the oxytocin-induced production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in cultured human myometrial cells.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · August 2002 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of magnesium sulfate on inositol trisphosphate production and the mechanism of these effects. STUDY DESIGN: Myometrium was obtained at the time of cesarean delivery from women before labor a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Complications associated with optical-access laparoscopic trocars.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · April 2002 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the number and type of serious complications associated with optical-access trocars reported by sources other than the medical literature. METHODS: Optical-access trocars, first introduced in 1994, were designed to decrease the ri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of carbon dioxide on human ovarian carcinoma cell growth.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · December 2001 OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopy may be associated with increased risk of ovarian carcinoma wound metastases. This study was designed to determine whether carbon dioxide exposure increases the growth of human ovarian cancer cells in vitro. STUDY DESIGN: Immortalized ... Full text Link to item Cite

Electroejaculation and assisted reproductive technologies in the treatment of anejaculatory infertility.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · December 2001 OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of electroejaculation in combination with assisted reproductive technology (ART). DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: University fertility program. PATIENT(S): One hundred twenty-one consecutive couples seeking treatment of a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hematometra after thermal balloon endometrial ablation in a patient with cervical incompetence.

Journal Article J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A · October 2001 BACKGROUND: Thermal balloon endometrial ablation is a relatively safe nonsurgical treatment for menorrhagia. Hematometra follows this procedure in <3 % of patients, but risk factors for this complication are unclear. CASE: A woman with a history of cervica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Obstetrician-gynecologist as primary care provider.

Journal Article Am J Manag Care · September 25, 2001 Obstetrics and gynecology is a unique field that combines preventive and primary care with female pelvic surgery and obstetrics. With the evolution of managed care, it has been a challenge to fit this field into the standard primary care paradigm. This art ... Link to item Cite

Location of the ureters in relation to the uterine cervix by computed tomography.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · February 2001 OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the distance of the ureter from the cervix and the influence of age and weight on this distance. STUDY DESIGN: The distance of the ureter from the uterine cervix was determined by evaluating the computed pelvic tomograms ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression of protein kinase C isozymes in nonpregnant and pregnant human myometrium.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · December 2000 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the distributions of protein kinase C isozymes in human nonpregnant and pregnant myometrial tissues and primary cell cultures. STUDY DESIGN: Myometrial tissues were obtained at hysterectomy from nonpregnant w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laparoscopic secondary port conversion using a reusable blunt conical trocar.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · October 2000 BACKGROUND: During operative laparoscopy, large (10 mm or more) ancillary ports are often used for instrumentation and tissue removal. Although sharp pyramidal trocars can be used to place these ports, their use appears to increase the risk of vessel injur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis

Journal Article Contemporary Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynaecology · December 1, 1999 Chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis remain two of the most perplexing problems in gynecology. In some women with both conditions, endometriosis may not be the cause of their pain. The clinical dilemma lies in determining when the pain is caused by endome ... Cite

Effects of hypoxia on cells of the human uterus: Implications for the use of Tourniquets during myomectomy

Journal Article Journal of Gynecologic Techniques · November 17, 1999 Objective: Tourniquets are used during myomectomy to minimize blood loss. However, the effect of the resultant uterine hypoxia is uncertain. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro effects of hypoxia on human uterine cell types, including myometri ... Cite

Is a third-trimester antibody screen in Rh+ women necessary?

Journal Article Am J Manag Care · September 1999 OBJECTIVE: To determine the need for routine third-trimester antibody screening in Rh+ women. STUDY DESIGN: An analytic case-control study. METHODS: We identified Rh+ pregnant women who had received prenatal care and retrospectively analyzed their laborato ... Link to item Cite

Occult bladder injury during laparoscopy: report of two cases.

Journal Article J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A · August 1999 Bladder injuries occur in approximately 1.6% of all laparoscopic procedures. Most often, these injuries are recognized intraoperatively or immediately postoperatively because of gross hematuria. We report two cases of bladder injury related to placement of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hormonal treatment of an endometrial stromal nodule followed by local excision.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · May 1999 BACKGROUND: Endometrial stromal nodule is a rare subtype of endometrial stromal tumor. Although such nodules are benign, hysterectomy has been considered the treatment of choice, because evaluation of the margin is required for diagnosis. The similarity be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transforming growth factor-beta differentially inhibits epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells from primary and metastatic isolates without up-regulation of p21WAF1.

Journal Article Cancer · April 15, 1999 BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is known to inhibit primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells. The mechanism by which this inhibitory response is achieved is poorly understood. Furthermore, whether this response is consistent in cel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bowel considerations in gynecologic surgery

Journal Article Primary Care Update for Ob Gyns · January 1, 1999 Every gynecologist must have a thorough understanding of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Problems of the GI tract will often present as gynecologic complaints. In addition, many gynecologic problems have related GI symptoms. Finally, the GI tract must be ... Full text Cite

Effect of cocaine on intracellular calcium regulation in myometrium from pregnant women.

Journal Article J Soc Gynecol Investig · 1999 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of cocaine on intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) regulation in human myometrial cells by determining the sources of Ca2+ it might mobilize, as well as assess the role cocaine might play in the catecholamine's effect on t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Criteria that indicate endometriosis is the cause of chronic pelvic pain.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · December 1998 Chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis remain two of the most perplexing problems in gynecology. In some women with both conditions, endometriosis might not be the cause of their pain. The problem is determining when the pain is caused by endometriosis. On ... Full text Link to item Cite

When to measure serum estrogen in women taking HRT?

Journal Article Consultant · December 1, 1998 Cite

Location of the transverse colon in relationship to the umbilicus: implications for laparoscopic techniques.

Journal Article J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc · November 1998 STUDY OBJECTIVE: To establish the location of the transverse colon in relationship to the umbilicus, and determine if it varies as a function of patient height or weight. DESIGN: Retrospective review of computed tomograms (CT) of the abdomen (Canadian Task ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of low-technology and high-technology monitoring of clomiphene citrate ovulation induction.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · July 1998 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether newer monitoring techniques, including urinary detection of the LH surge and vaginal ultrasound, offer an advantage over basal body temperature (BBT) charts alone in achieving pregnancy using clomiphene citrate (CC). DESIGN: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cocaine augments contractility of the pregnant human uterus by both adrenergic and nonadrenergic mechanisms.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · May 1998 OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the mechanisms of cocaine's effect on both spontaneous and agonist-induced contractility of pregnant human myometrium. STUDY DESIGN: Myometrium was obtained from 42 women at term who were undergoing cesarean section. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of cocaine on cytoplasmic calcium and IP3 production in human myometrial cells

Journal Article FASEB Journal · March 20, 1998 Cocaine has ability to increase spontaneous myometrial contractions as well as to potentiate the contractile responses to catecholamines. Because free cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP Cite

Size of the urogenital hiatus in the levator ani muscles in normal women and women with pelvic organ prolapse.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · March 1998 OBJECTIVE: Compare urogenital hiatus size in normal women and women with pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS: The sagittal and transverse urogenital hiatus diameters were measured and hiatus area calculated in 300 women whose support was scored using a modified ... Full text Link to item Cite

Foreward

Chapter · 1998 Cite

Expectant management versus elective curettage for the treatment of spontaneous abortion.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · October 1997 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the amount of intrauterine tissue was prognostic of the risk of complications associated with the management of nonviable pregnancies diagnosed in the first trimester before cervical dilatation (termed here impending abortio ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of irrigation in the development of hypothermia during laparoscopic surgery.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · March 1997 OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to determine the incidence and etiology of hypothermia during laparoscopic surgery and to evaluate the role of irrigation fluid temperature. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective randomized study was performed of 35 women undergoing opera ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of the ultrasonic scalpel to CO2 laser and electrosurgery in terms of tissue injury and adhesion formation in a rabbit model.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · February 1997 OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative effect of an ultrasonic scalpel on reproductive tissue compared with CO2 laser and electrosurgery. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized animal study. SETTING: University laboratory setting. ANIMALS: Sixteen New Zealand White ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cocaine and beta-adrenergic receptor function in pregnant myometrium.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · December 1996 OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the in vitro effect of cocaine on beta-adrenergic receptor function in pregnant human myometrium. STUDY DESIGN: Myometrium was obtained from 25 pregnant women at term who were undergoing cesarean section but who were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Luteal support with both estradiol and progesterone after clomiphene citrate stimulation for in vitro fertilization.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · October 1996 OBJECTIVE: To determine if pregnancy rates (PRs) for clomiphene citrate (CC)-stimulated IVF-ET can be increased by luteal support with E2 and P. DESIGN: Prospective randomized crossover clinical study. SETTING: Infertile women volunteers in an academic res ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laparoscopic transillumination for the location of anterior abdominal wall blood vessels.

Journal Article J Laparoendosc Surg · June 1996 OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of transillumination for locating abdominal wall vessels prior to trocar placement during laparoscopy. DESIGN: Prospective clinical descriptive study. SETTING: Normal human volunteers in an academic research environment ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cocaine downregulates beta-adrenergic receptors in pregnant sheep myometrium.

Journal Article Reprod Toxicol · 1996 Cocaine abuse is associated with premature labor. Although cocaine is known to competitively inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor binding, cocaine's effect on receptor downregulation is uncertain. This study was designed to determine the in vitro effect of coc ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparison of the relative risk of vessel injury with conical versus pyramidal laparoscopic trocars in a rabbit model.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · December 1995 OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the relative risk of vessel injury after use of a 5 mm conical-tipped trocar, a 5 mm pyramidal-tipped trocar, and a 10 mm pyramidal-tipped trocar in a rabbit vessel model. STUDY DESIGN: Plastic templates were placed in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Third stage of labor: analysis of duration and clinical practice.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · April 1995 OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to record gestational age-specific data for third-stage duration of labor, frequencies of retained placentas (undelivered at 30 minutes), manual removal of the placenta, and hemorrhage. STUDY DESIGN: Included were 45,852 singlet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decrease in myometrial beta-adrenergic receptors with prenatal cocaine use.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · March 1995 OBJECTIVE: To determine if cocaine use during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in the number or affinity of beta-adrenergic receptors in human myometrium. METHODS: Myometrium was obtained at cesarean delivery of five women who reported using cocain ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of the effect of cocaine on catecholamine uptake by pregnant myometrium.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · January 1995 OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effect of cocaine on catecholamine uptake by myometrium from pregnant women. METHODS: Slices of myometrium obtained from nine women during elective cesarean delivery at term were incubated with [3H]-norepinephrine and various ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply

Journal Article American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · January 1, 1995 Full text Cite

Inhibition of adhesion reformation in the rabbit model by meclofenamate: an inhibitor of both prostaglandin and leukotriene production.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · December 1994 OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative ability of meclofenamate sodium, a water-soluble inhibitor of both prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis, to inhibit adhesion reformation. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study in a rabbit model. INTERVENTIONS: Laparo ... Link to item Cite

Repair of the traumatically ruptured gravid uterus. A report of two cases resulting in viable pregnancies.

Journal Article J Reprod Med · October 1994 In two cases of traumatic rupture of the unscarred, pregnant uterus, careful repair was able to preserve fertility even after extensive damage. Because of the extreme variations in the presentation of this uncommon problem, a high index of suspicion may be ... Link to item Cite

The location of abdominal wall blood vessels in relationship to abdominal landmarks apparent at laparoscopy.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · September 1994 OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the location of the major blood vessels of the abdominal wall relative to landmarks apparent at laparoscopy. STUDY DESIGN: Abdominal computed tomographic images of 21 reproductive-aged women at an academic center were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blunt trocar laparoscopy.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · June 1994 A technique, termed blunt trocar laparoscopy, has been developed to avoid the use of both Veress needles and sharp primary trocars and to avoid carbon dioxide leakage without the use of fascial sutures. To evaluate this technique's effectiveness, the time ... Link to item Cite

Urologic laparoscopy with a new blunt-tipped trocar: safe, rapid access without the use of fascial sutures.

Journal Article Urology · June 1994 Fifteen patients underwent successful laparoscopic procedures where a new blunt-tipped trocar was used both to gain initial access to and to insufflate the abdominal cavity. The use of this new trocar obviates the need for the use of the Veress needle and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Open laparoscopy without special instruments or sutures. Comparison with a closed technique.

Journal Article J Reprod Med · May 1994 An important advantage of open laparoscopy over closed techniques is the avoidance of placing a sharp trocar blindly into the peritoneal cavity. Although an open technique theoretically minimizes the risk of major retroperitoneal vessel injury and bowel in ... Link to item Cite

A gestational-age-independent model of birth weight based on placental size.

Journal Article Biol Neonate · 1994 A placental weight (P) to birth weight (W) relationship, W = P1.5 x constant (A), was presented in 1966. However, based on histological and theoretical studies, placental efficiency increases proportionally to the square of the gestational age in weeks. Th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Open laparoscopy without special instruments or sutures: Comparison with a closed technique

Journal Article Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey · January 1, 1994 Full text Cite

Laparoscopic irrigation using a prewarmed pressurized system.

Journal Article J Laparoendosc Surg · December 1993 An automatic pressure infusion system equipped with a fluid warmer has been developed for rapid intravenous infusion of homeothermic fluids. The use of this system for irrigation during operative laparoscopy provides the surgeon with the ability to irrigat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vaginal delivery from the persistent occiput posterior position. Influence on maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Journal Article J Reprod Med · December 1993 We performed a retrospective study of 564 vaginal occiput posterior (OP) deliveries to investigate the influence of this position on maternal and fetal morbidity. The cases were compared to 1,068 controls matched for race, parity and delivery method. The O ... Link to item Cite

Kallmann's syndrome: pregnancy achieved through gamete intrafallopian transfer.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · October 1993 This case report describes the use of GIFT to achieve pregnancy for a man with Kallmann's syndrome who obtained only marginal sperm counts with both the pulsatile GnRH infusion pump and gonadotropin injections. Failure of this man to achieve a pregnancy wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laparoscopic injury of abdominal wall blood vessels: a report of three cases.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · October 1993 BACKGROUND: Operative laparoscopy is being used for an increasing number of applications. Many of these innovative techniques require the insertion of large trocars through the anterior abdominal wall at points lateral to the midline. Because of the rich v ... Link to item Cite

Cocaine selectively inhibits beta-adrenergic receptor binding in pregnant human myometrium.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · September 1993 OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the in vitro effects of cocaine on the binding characteristics of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors from pregnant human myometrium. STUDY DESIGN: By means of membrane fractions from myometrium obtained from 26 women at te ... Full text Link to item Cite

Etiology of closure-related adhesion formation after wedge resection of the rabbit ovary.

Journal Article J Reprod Med · June 1993 Adhesion formation after closure after ovarian wedge resection of the rabbit ovary may be related to the use of polyglactin suture rather than to the closure itself. ... Link to item Cite

Comparison of intracervical, intrauterine, and intratubal techniques for donor insemination.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · February 1993 OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of intracervical insemination (ICI), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and a combination of intratubal and intrauterine insemination (ITI/IUI) for donor insemination. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING: ... Link to item Cite

Transcervical tubal cannulation: a comparison of two techniques.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · November 1992 Transcervical tubal cannulation using tactile guidance has a similar rate of successful cannulation compared with that with US guidance (78% versus 73%) but takes less time to perform (2.3 +/- 1.8 minutes versus 8.7 +/- 6.2 minutes, mean +/- SD) and is ass ... Link to item Cite

Allergic reactions to penicillin during in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · October 1992 Two cases are reported in which hypersensitivity reactions occurred after intrauterine placement of spermatozoa or embryos. Because the cells were processed and transferred in antibiotic-containing media, these reactions were suspected to be because of pen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Motility longevity of sperm samples processed for intrauterine insemination.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · August 1992 This study demonstrates that sperm from men with male factor infertility and sperm obtained by electroejaculation have reduced motility longevity when compared with normal specimens. After 24 hours, normal samples lost only 34% of initial motility, whereas ... Link to item Cite

The relationship of the umbilicus to the aortic bifurcation: implications for laparoscopic technique.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · July 1992 OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the location of the umbilicus relative to the aortic bifurcation and the left common iliac vein where it crosses the midline. METHODS: Abdominal computed tomography images from 35 reproductive-age women were retrospectively reviewed ... Link to item Cite

The effect of cocaine on sperm motility characteristics and bovine cervical mucus penetration.

Journal Article Fertil Steril · January 1992 OBJECTIVES: To determine the in vitro effects of cocaine on sperm motility and bovine mucus penetration because cocaine abuse is associated with decreased sperm motility, and related compounds, such as procaine, are known to decrease sperm motility. DESIGN ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prostaglandins modulate hormonal effects on rabbit myometrial alpha 1-adrenergic responses.

Journal Article Endocrinology · September 1991 Estrogen increases the alpha 1-adrenergic contractile sensitivity of the rabbit uterus. Since estrogen treatment increases prostaglandin (PG) production by the perfused rabbit uterus, and PGs contribute to the alpha 1-adrenergic contractile response, we po ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cocaine blocks extraneuronal uptake of norepinephrine by the pregnant human uterus.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · August 1991 Premature labor is one of the most common complications associated with cocaine abuse during pregnancy. Still, the effect of cocaine on the pregnant uterus is largely unknown. Although inhibition of neuronal uptake is the most important effect of cocaine i ... Link to item Cite

Abdominal wall characterization with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The effect of obesity on the laparoscopic approach.

Journal Article J Reprod Med · July 1991 Laparoscopic complications are most often related to insertion of the Veress cannula or primary trocar. We evaluated the midline abdominal walls of 33 women using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography to determine if the location and angl ... Link to item Cite

Cocaine directly augments the alpha-adrenergic contractile response of the pregnant rabbit uterus.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · January 1991 Cocaine use in pregnancy is associated with a premature labor rate as high as 50%, but little is known about its effect on uterine contractility. To determine whether cocaine directly augments pregnant uterus contractility, uterine strips from 27-day pregn ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pregnancy associated with both insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and sickle cell disease. A report of two cases.

Journal Article J Reprod Med · April 1987 Two pregnant women were treated for both insulin-dependent diabetes and sickle cell disease. Careful application of treatments developed for each of these conditions allowed both pregnancies to be successfully carried to term. ... Link to item Cite

Selective management of abruptio placentae: a prospective study.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · April 1983 Antenatal diagnosis and selective management of abruptio placentae were studied prospectively over a 17-month period. Diagnosis was confirmed by placental inspection in 59 (1.3%) of 4545 deliveries. Among the 50 patients admitted with a living fetus, the d ... Link to item Cite

Acquired functional asplenia. Association with spontaneous rupture of the spleen and fatal spontaneous rupture of the liver in amyloidosis.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · June 1980 A 45-year-old woman who had lower extremity ecchymoses and vague abdominal and back complaints was found to have acquired functional asplenia manifested by Howell-Jolly bodies and poikilocytosis on peripheral blood smear. On spleen scan there was inability ... Full text Link to item Cite