Scholars@Duke
William Samuel Yancy Jr.

William Samuel Yancy Jr.

Professor of Medicine
Medicine, General Internal Medicine
yancy006@mc.duke.edu
501 Douglas Street, Duke Diet & Fitness Center, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

Study protocol for Log2Lose: A randomized controlled trial to evaluate financial incentives for dietary self-monitoring and interim weight loss in adults with obesity.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · September 2025 Although behavioral weight-loss programs are efficacious for achieving clinically significant weight loss, adherence to such programs is variable. Positive reinforcement through small financial incentives has shown promise for increasing adherence to behav ... Full text Link to item Cite

Opportunities for General Internal Medicine to Promote Equity in Obesity Care.

Journal Article J Gen Intern Med · July 2025 The number and complexity of obesity treatments has increased rapidly in recent years. This is driven by the approval of new anti-obesity medications (AOMs) that produce larger degrees of weight loss than previously approved AOMs. Unfortunately, access to ... Full text Link to item Cite

A pilot study of metaproteomics and DNA metabarcoding as tools to assess dietary intake in humans.

Journal Article Food Funct · January 2, 2025 Objective biomarkers of food intake are a sought-after goal in nutrition research. Most biomarker development to date has focused on metabolites detected in blood, urine, skin, or hair, but detection of consumed foods in stool has also been shown to be pos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of fortified eggs and time-restricted eating on cardiometabolic health: The prosperity trial.

Journal Article Am Heart J · January 2025 BACKGROUND: Given the increasing interest in dietary interventions to improve cardiovascular health, this trial assessed the impact of fortified eggs (FE) versus nonegg supplemented diet and time-restricted eating (TRE) versus usual care diet on cardiovasc ... Full text Link to item Cite

A non-randomized comparison of engagement and outcomes for in-person versus virtual delivery of the Partner2Lose weight management trial.

Journal Article Obes Sci Pract · August 2024 OBJECTIVE: Existing behavioral weight management interventions produce clinically meaningful weight loss. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the quick transition of such interventions from in-person to virtual platforms. This provided a unique oppor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes from Partner2Lose: a randomized controlled trial to evaluate 24-month weight loss in a partner-assisted intervention.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · July 20, 2024 BACKGROUND: Partner support is associated with better weight loss outcomes in observational studies, but randomized trials show mixed results for including partners. Unclear is whether teaching communication skills to couples will improve weight loss in a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does Medically Supervised Weight Loss Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty Improve Patient-Reported Pain and Physical Function?

Journal Article J Arthroplasty · February 2024 BACKGROUND: Weight loss is commonly recommended before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) despite inconsistent evidence for better outcomes. This study sought to examine the impacts of preoperative weight loss on patient-reported and adverse outcomes among TKA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expert consensus on nutrition and lower-carbohydrate diets: An evidence- and equity-based approach to dietary guidance.

Journal Article Front Nutr · 2024 There is a substantial body of clinical evidence supporting the beneficial effects of lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns on multiple established risk factors associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases in adult populations. Nutrition an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does Preoperative Weight Loss Within 6 Months or 1 Year Change the Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty by Initial Body Mass Index Classification?

Journal Article J Arthroplasty · December 2023 BACKGROUND: High body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thus, many patients are advised to lose weight before TKA. This study examined how weight loss before TKA is associated with adverse outcomes de ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantifying and correcting bias due to outcome dependent self-reported weights in longitudinal study of weight loss interventions.

Journal Article Sci Rep · November 4, 2023 In response to the escalating global obesity crisis and its associated health and financial burdens, this paper presents a novel methodology for analyzing longitudinal weight loss data and assessing the effectiveness of financial incentives. Drawing from t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of weight captured via electronic health record and cellular scales to the gold-standard clinical method.

Journal Article Obes Sci Pract · August 2023 INTRODUCTION: Obtaining body weights remotely could improve feasibility of pragmatic trials. This investigation examined whether weights collected via cellular scale or electronic health record (EHR) correspond to gold standard in-person study weights. MET ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diversity of plant DNA in stool is linked to dietary quality, age, and household income.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · July 4, 2023 Eating a varied diet is a central tenet of good nutrition. Here, we develop a molecular tool to quantify human dietary plant diversity by applying DNA metabarcoding with the chloroplast trnL-P6 marker to 1,029 fecal samples from 324 participants across two ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nutritional aspects

Chapter · January 1, 2023 With evidence pointing to the efficacy of therapeutic carbohydrate restriction (TCR), official protocols for implementation into clinical practice are required. During the metabolic transition from a high-carbohydrate to a TCR diet, clinical considerations ... Full text Cite

Endocrine

Chapter · January 1, 2023 Endocrine dysregulation is the hallmark of modern chronic disease, with insulin resistance (IR) playing a central role. Research surrounding treatments to such disorders are complicated due to complex hormonal regulation of homoeostasis, with the liver pla ... Full text Cite

Low-Carbohydrate Nutrition and Disease Prevention

Chapter · January 1, 2023 There exists minimal evidence from high-quality, randomized controlled trials that supports any one eating pattern for the prevention of disease or mortality. Observational research regarding low-carbohydrate nutrition and disease prevention is limited by ... Full text Cite

Testing a very low-carbohydrate adaption of the Diabetes Prevention Program among adults with prediabetes: study protocol for the Lifestyle Education about prediabetes (LEAP) trial.

Journal Article Trials · September 30, 2022 BACKGROUND: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) aims to help individuals with prediabetes avoid progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through weight loss. Specifically, the NDPP teaches indiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Method to Deliver Automated and Tailored Intervention Content: 24-month Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JMIR Form Res · September 6, 2022 BACKGROUND: The use of digital technologies and software allows for new opportunities to communicate and engage with research participants over time. When software is coupled with automation, we can engage with research participants in a reliable and affor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Competing paradigms of obesity pathogenesis: energy balance versus carbohydrate-insulin models.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Nutr · September 2022 The obesity pandemic continues unabated despite a persistent public health campaign to decrease energy intake ("eat less") and increase energy expenditure ("move more"). One explanation for this failure is that the current approach, based on the notion of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors associated with non-adherence to insulin and non-insulin medications in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.

Journal Article Chronic Illn · June 2022 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate differences in factors associated with self-reported medication non-adherence to insulin and non-insulin medications in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this secondary analysis of a randomized trial in patient ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adherence to Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients with Diabetes: A Narrative Review.

Journal Article Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes · 2022 Evidence suggests that low carbohydrate (<130 g/day of carbohydrate) (LCD) and very low carbohydrate, ketogenic diets (typically <50 g/day of carbohydrate) (VLCKD) can be effective tools for managing diabetes given their beneficial effects on weight loss a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical associations of an updated medication effect score for measuring diabetes treatment intensity.

Journal Article Chronic Illn · December 2021 OBJECTIVES: The medication effect score reflects overall intensity of a diabetes regimen by consolidating dosage and potency of agents used. Little is understood regarding how medication intensity relates to clinical factors. We updated the medication effe ... Full text Link to item Cite

The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · December 1, 2021 According to a commonly held view, the obesity pandemic is caused by overconsumption of modern, highly palatable, energy-dense processed foods, exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle. However, obesity rates remain at historic highs, despite a persistent focu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Elevated Body Mass Index in a Study Comparing Group Medical Visits Focused on Weight Management and Medication Intensification.

Journal Article Med Care · November 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: Illuminating heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) within trials is important for identifying target populations for implementation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine HTE in a trial of group medical visits (GMVs) for patients wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alternative Dietary Patterns for Americans: Low-Carbohydrate Diets.

Journal Article Nutrients · September 22, 2021 The decades-long dietary experiment embodied in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) focused on limiting fat, especially saturated fat, and higher carbohydrate intake has coincided with rapidly escalating epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nutritional basis of type 2 diabetes remission.

Journal Article BMJ · July 7, 2021 Roy Taylor and colleagues explain how type 2 diabetes can be reversed by weight loss and avoidance of weight regain ... Full text Link to item Cite

Two-year weight trajectories following completion of a behavioral weight loss maintenance intervention.

Journal Article Obes Sci Pract · June 2021 INTRODUCTION: Long-term effects of behavioral weight loss maintenance interventions need to be assessed in order to understand their durability of effects. This can be evaluated with the use of weights recorded in the electronic medical record. The goal of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantity of Resistance Exercise for Breast Cancer Patients: Does the Dose Match the Objective?

Journal Article J Strength Cond Res · May 1, 2021 Rosenberg, J, Hyde, PN, Yancy, WS, Ford, KM, and Champ, CE. Quantity of resistance exercise for breast cancer patients: does the dose match the objective? J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1467-1476, 2021-There is currently a lack of consensus as to what defines ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized feasibility pilot trial of a financial incentives intervention for dietary self-monitoring and weight loss in adults with obesity.

Journal Article Transl Behav Med · April 26, 2021 Financial incentives could be used to improve adherence to behavioral weight loss interventions, increasing their effectiveness. This Phase IIb randomized pilot study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a study protocol for providing financial i ... Full text Link to item Cite

A web-based intervention to increase weight loss treatment initiation: results of a cluster randomized feasibility and acceptability trial.

Journal Article Transl Behav Med · February 11, 2021 Evidence-based behavioral weight loss treatment is under-utilized. To increase initiation of treatment, we developed a single-session, online, primary care-based intervention ("mobilization tool"). We evaluated the mobilization tool's acceptability for pri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Application of nutrient essentiality criteria to dietary carbohydrates.

Journal Article Nutr Res Rev · December 2020 The purpose of the present review is to describe how human physiology at very low carbohydrate intakes relates to the criteria for nutritional essentiality. Although we did not limit ourselves to one particular type or function of carbohydrates, we did pri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using a low-carbohydrate diet to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes · October 2020 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This study will provide a narrative review of the history of the clinical use of low-carbohydrate diets and give a practical example of how to implement a low-carbohydrate diet, with an emphasis on deprescribing medications. RECENT FINDI ... Full text Link to item Cite

Protocol for Partner2Lose: A randomized controlled trial to evaluate partner involvement on long-term weight loss.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · September 2020 BACKGROUND: Behavioral interventions produce clinically significant weight reduction, with many participants regaining weight subsequently. Most interventions focus on an individual, but dietary and physical activity behaviors occur with, or are influenced ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low-Carbohydrate and Very-Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients With Diabetes.

Journal Article Diabetes Spectr · May 2020 Low-carbohydrate diets have been advocated as an effective method for promoting weight loss in overweight and obese individuals and preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. This article reviews the differences between various low-carbohydrate eating plans ... Full text Link to item Cite

Are low-carbohydrate diets safe in diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease?

Journal Article Ann N Y Acad Sci · February 2020 Diabetes mellitus and obesity both contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and they can accelerate the loss of kidney function. Dietary intake can potentially have wide-reaching effects on the risk of CKD/DKD and their ... Full text Link to item Cite

Type 2 Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians: a Unique Population with a Growing Challenge.

Journal Article Curr Diab Rep · January 30, 2020 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of factors that influence clinical decision making and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among South Asians ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of Group Medical Visits Combined With Intensive Weight Management vs Group Medical Visits Alone for Glycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA Intern Med · January 1, 2020 IMPORTANCE: Traditionally, group medical visits (GMVs) for persons with diabetes improved glycemia by intensifying medications, which infrequently led to weight loss. Incorporating GMVs with intensive dietary change could enable weight loss and improve gly ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Health Care Expenditures Among Veterans With Severe Obesity.

Journal Article JAMA Surg · December 1, 2019 IMPORTANCE: Bariatric surgery has been associated with improvements in health in patients with severe obesity; however, it is unclear whether these health benefits translate into lower health care expenditures. OBJECTIVE: To examine 10-year health care exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ketogenic Diet for Obesity and Diabetes.

Journal Article JAMA Intern Med · December 1, 2019 Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Escalating Financial Incentive Rewards on Maintenance of Weight Loss: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · November 1, 2019 IMPORTANCE: Identifying effective strategies for treating obesity is a public health priority. OBJECTIVE: To test an escalating lottery-based incentive tied to daily self-weighing for weight loss maintenance. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This 2-phase ... Full text Link to item Cite

329-OR: Shared Medical Appointments (SMA) with Weight Management vs. SMA Alone for Overweight or Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Conference Diabetes · June 1, 2019 Background: Shared medical appointments (SMA) improve outcomes in diabetes. SMAs often address lifestyle but infrequently lead to weight loss. Because weight loss reduces glycemia and medication use, we hypothesized an SMA intervention with weight ... Full text Cite

Log2Lose: Development and Lessons Learned From a Mobile Technology Weight Loss Intervention.

Journal Article JMIR Mhealth Uhealth · February 13, 2019 BACKGROUND: Providing financial incentives has gained popularity as a strategy to promote weight loss, but questions remain about how best to utilize them. A promising mobile health strategy provides users with near-real-time financial incentives based on ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of group cohesion in a group-based behavioral weight loss intervention.

Journal Article J Behav Med · February 2019 Behavioral weight loss interventions are often delivered in groups. Group cohesion may enhance program attendance and, thereby, weight loss. In this secondary analysis, our goals were to: (1a) assess whether group cohesion measured early in a behavioral we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient predictors of weight loss following a behavioral weight management intervention among US Veterans with severe obesity.

Journal Article Eat Weight Disord · October 2018 PURPOSE: Identification of patient characteristics that are associated with behavioral weight loss success among bariatric surgery candidates could inform selection of optimal bariatric surgery candidates. We examined the associations between psychosocial ... Full text Link to item Cite

Implementing a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab · September 2018 INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached epidemic proportions in the modern world. For individuals affected by obesity-related T2DM, clinical studies have shown that carbohydrate restriction and weight loss can improve hyperglycemia, obesi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perceived barriers and facilitators of initiation of behavioral weight loss interventions among adults with obesity: a qualitative study.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · July 11, 2018 BACKGROUND: Evidence-based behavioral weight loss interventions are under-utilized. To inform efforts to increase uptake of these interventions, it is important to understand the perspectives of adults with obesity regarding barriers and facilitators of we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

Journal Article BMJ · June 13, 2018 Common ground on dietary approaches for the prevention, management, and potential remission of type 2 diabetes can be found, argue Nita G Forouhi and colleagues ... Full text Link to item Cite

Management of Type 1 Diabetes With a Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet.

Journal Article Pediatrics · June 2018 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate glycemic control among children and adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who consume a very low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD). METHODS: We conducted an online survey of an international social media group for people with T1DM who ... Full text Link to item Cite

Financial incentive strategies for maintenance of weight loss: results from an internet-based randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article Nutr Diabetes · May 25, 2018 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Financial incentives can improve initial weight loss; we examined whether financial incentives can improve weight loss maintenance. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants aged 30-80 years who lost at least 5 kg during the first 4-6 months in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated fat/low saturated fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in type 2 diabetes: A 2-year randomized clinical trial.

Journal Article Diabetes Obes Metab · April 2018 AIM: To examine whether a low-carbohydrate, high-unsaturated/low-saturated fat diet (LC) improves glycaemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: A total of 115 adults wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of and characteristics associated with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea among veterans with knee and hip osteoarthritis.

Journal Article BMC Musculoskelet Disord · March 9, 2018 BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined patterns of specific sleep problems among individuals with osteoarthritis (OA). The primary objective of this study was to examine prevalence of symptoms of insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among Veterans wit ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Study protocol for Log2Lose: A feasibility randomized controlled trial to evaluate financial incentives for dietary self-monitoring and interim weight loss in adults with obesity.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · February 2018 The obesity epidemic has negative physical, psychological, and financial consequences. Despite the existence of effective behavioral weight loss interventions, many individuals do not achieve adequate weight loss, and most regain lost weight in the year fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcome by Gender in the Veterans Health Administration Motivating Overweight/Obese Veterans Everywhere Weight Management Program.

Journal Article J Womens Health (Larchmt) · January 2018 BACKGROUND: Few evaluations of the Veterans Health Administration Motivating Overweight/Obese Veterans Everywhere (MOVE!) weight management program have assessed 6-month weight change or factors associated with weight change by gender. MATERIALS AND METHOD ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The Effect of Cost Sharing on an Employee Weight Loss Program: A Randomized Trial.

Journal Article Am J Health Promot · January 2018 PURPOSE: To test the effects of employer subsidies on employee enrollment, attendance, and weight loss in a nationally available weight management program. DESIGN: A randomized trial tested the impact of employer subsidy: 100%; 80%, 50%, and a hybrid 50% s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Jump starting shared medical appointments for diabetes with weight management: Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · July 2017 BACKGROUND: Rates of glycemic control remain suboptimal nationwide. Medication intensification for diabetes can have undesirable side effects (weight gain, hypoglycemia), which offset the benefits of glycemic control. A Shared Medical Appointment (SMA) int ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maintenance of Weight Loss After Initiation of Nutrition Training: A Randomized Trial.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · April 4, 2017 BACKGROUND: Weight regain after successful weight loss interventions is common. OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy of a weight loss maintenance program compared with usual care in obese adults. DESIGN: 2-group, parallel, randomized trial stratified by in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maintaining Weight Loss.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · April 4, 2017 Full text Link to item Cite

Patient, Provider, and Combined Interventions for Managing Osteoarthritis in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · March 21, 2017 BACKGROUND: A single-site study showed that a combined patient and provider intervention improved outcomes for patients with knee osteoarthritis, but it did not assess separate effects of the interventions. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether patient-based, prov ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Patient factors associated with initiation of behavioral weight loss treatment: a prospective observational study in an integrated care setting.

Journal Article Transl Behav Med · March 2017 Low enrollment in behavioral weight loss treatments limits their impact. We aimed to identify factors associated with treatment initiation. The participants were outpatients (n = 198) at Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare facilities who were referred to a fr ... Full text Link to item Cite

The design and conduct of Keep It Off: An online randomized trial of financial incentives for weight-loss maintenance.

Journal Article Clin Trials · February 2017 Background Obesity continues to be a serious public health challenge. Rates are increasing worldwide, with nearly 70% of the US adults overweight or obese, leading to increased clinical and economic burden. While successful approaches for achieving weight ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Recruitment and Retention for a Weight Loss Maintenance Trial Involving Weight Loss Prior to Randomization.

Journal Article Obes Sci Pract · December 2016 OBJECTIVE: A weight loss maintenance trial involving weight loss prior to randomization is challenging to implement due to the potential for dropout and insufficient weight loss. We examined rates and correlates of non-initiation, dropout, and insufficient ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Durability of Weight Loss.

Journal Article JAMA Surg · November 1, 2016 IMPORTANCE: Bariatric surgery induces significant weight loss for severely obese patients, but there is limited evidence of the durability of weight loss compared with nonsurgical matches and across bariatric procedures. OBJECTIVES: To examine 10-year weig ... Full text Link to item Cite

Food preferences and weight change during low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets.

Journal Article Appetite · August 1, 2016 UNLABELLED: Understanding associations between food preferences and weight loss during various effective diets could inform efforts to personalize dietary recommendations and provide insight into weight loss mechanisms. We conducted a secondary analysis of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A Combined Patient and Provider Intervention for Management of Osteoarthritis in Veterans: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · January 19, 2016 BACKGROUND: Management of osteoarthritis requires both medical and behavioral strategies, but some recommended therapies are underused. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a combined patient and provider intervention for improving osteoarthritis out ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Glycemic load, exercise, and monitoring blood glucose (GEM): A paradigm shift in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Diabetes Res Clin Pract · January 2016 AIMS: This preliminary RCT investigated whether an integrated lifestyle modification program that focuses on reducing postprandial blood glucose through replacing high with low glycemic load foods and increasing routine physical activities guided by system ... Full text Link to item Cite

Implementation of a prediabetes identification algorithm for overweight and obese Veterans.

Journal Article J Rehabil Res Dev · 2016 Type 2 diabetes prevention is an important national goal for the Veteran Health Administration (VHA): one in four Veterans has diabetes. We implemented a prediabetes identification algorithm to estimate prediabetes prevalence among overweight and obese Vet ... Full text Link to item Cite

In response

Journal Article Annals of Internal Medicine · November 17, 2015 Full text Cite

Does Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Testing and Counseling Reduce Modifiable Risk Factors? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Veterans.

Journal Article J Gen Intern Med · November 2015 OBJECTIVE: We examined the clinical utility of supplementing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) risk counseling with DM genetic test results and counseling. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, non-diabetic overweight/obese veteran ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of allowing choice of diet on weight loss--in response.

Journal Article Annals of internal medicine · November 2015 Full text Cite

Comparison of low- and high-carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes management: a randomized trial.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · October 2015 BACKGROUND: Few well-controlled studies have comprehensively examined the effects of very-low-carbohydrate diets on type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of a very-low-carbohydrate, high-unsaturated fat, low-saturated fat (LC) diet with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy of Commercial Weight-Loss Programs.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · September 1, 2015 Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Determining the Culprit: Stress, Fat, or Carbohydrates.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · August 15, 2015 Full text Link to item Cite

The association of comorbid conditions with patient-reported outcomes in Veterans with hip and knee osteoarthritis.

Conference Clin Rheumatol · August 2015 There is limited understanding of how comorbid health conditions affect osteoarthritis (OA)-related outcomes. This study examined associations of different comorbidity measures with baseline OA-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs) among patients with h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of provision of type 2 diabetes genetic risk feedback on patient perceptions of diabetes control and diet and physical activity self-efficacy.

Journal Article Patient Educ Couns · June 30, 2015 OBJECTIVE: We examined effects of providing type 2 diabetes genetic risk feedback on controllability perceptions. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in which overweight/obese Veterans Affairs patients without diabetes re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Allowing Choice of Diet on Weight Loss: A Randomized Trial.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · June 16, 2015 BACKGROUND: Choosing a diet rather than being prescribed one could improve weight loss. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether offering choice of diet improves weight loss. DESIGN: Double-randomized preference trial of choice between 2 diets (choice) versus random ... Full text Link to item Cite

Implementation and evaluation of the VA DPP clinical demonstration: protocol for a multi-site non-randomized hybrid effectiveness-implementation type III trial.

Journal Article Implement Sci · May 12, 2015 BACKGROUND: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) study showed that lifestyle intervention resulted in a 58% reduction in incidence of type 2 diabetes among individuals with prediabetes. Additional large randomized controlled trials have confirmed these re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Error in figure.

Journal Article JAMA Intern Med · March 2015 Full text Link to item Cite

The relationship between pretreatment dietary composition and weight loss during a randomised trial of different diet approaches.

Journal Article J Hum Nutr Diet · February 2015 BACKGROUND: Identifying pretreatment dietary habits that are associated with weight-loss intervention outcomes could help guide individuals' selection of weight-loss approach among competing options. A pretreatment factor that may influence weight-loss out ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between bariatric surgery and long-term survival.

Journal Article JAMA · January 6, 2015 IMPORTANCE: Accumulating evidence suggests that bariatric surgery improves survival among patients with severe obesity, but research among veterans has shown no evidence of benefit. OBJECTIVE: To examine long-term survival in a large multisite cohort of pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Post-traumatic stress disorder, physical activity, and eating behaviors.

Journal Article Epidemiol Rev · 2015 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a prevalent and costly psychiatric disorder, is associated with high rates of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. Many studies have examined PTSD and risky behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol/substance abuse); far few ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinic variation in recruitment metrics, patient characteristics and treatment use in a randomized clinical trial of osteoarthritis management.

Journal Article BMC Musculoskelet Disord · December 6, 2014 BACKGROUND: The Patient and PRovider Interventions for Managing Osteoarthritis (OA) in Primary Care (PRIMO) study is one of the first health services trials targeting OA in a multi-site, primary care network. This multi-site approach is important for asses ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Approaches for informing optimal dose of behavioral interventions.

Journal Article Ann Behav Med · December 2014 BACKGROUND: There is little guidance about to how select dose parameter values when designing behavioral interventions. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to present approaches to inform intervention duration, frequency, and amount when (1) the investig ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors associated with choice of a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet during a behavioral weight loss intervention.

Journal Article Appetite · December 2014 Individuals undertaking a weight loss effort have a choice among proven dietary approaches. Factors contributing to choice of either a low-fat/low-calorie diet or a low-carbohydrate diet, two of the most studied and popular dietary approaches, are unknown. ... Full text Link to item Cite

A very low-carbohydrate, low-saturated fat diet for type 2 diabetes management: a randomized trial.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · November 2014 OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively compare the effects of a very low-carbohydrate, high-unsaturated/low-saturated fat diet (LC) with those of a high-unrefined carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HC) on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Study design and protocol for a theory-based behavioral intervention focusing on maintenance of weight loss: the Maintenance After Initiation of Nutrition TrAINing (MAINTAIN) study.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · September 2014 BACKGROUND: Obesity is a significant public health problem. Although various lifestyle approaches are effective for inducing significant weight loss, few effective behavioral weight maintenance strategies have been identified. It has been proposed that beh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differentiating Behavior Initiation and Maintenance: Theoretical Framework and Proof of Concept.

Journal Article Health Educ Behav · June 2014 Although many interventions are effective for health behavior initiation, maintenance has proven elusive. Interventions targeting maintenance often extend the duration with which initiation content is delivered or the duration of follow-up without interven ... Full text Link to item Cite

Obesity-related health status changes and weight-loss treatment utilization.

Journal Article Am J Prev Med · May 2014 BACKGROUND: Behavioral weight-loss treatment can improve health, yet it is underutilized. Factors leading to initiation of weight-loss treatment are not well characterized. In particular, it is unknown whether changes in obesity-related health status contr ... Full text Link to item Cite

ALLOWING PATIENT CHOICE BETWEEN TWO DIVERSE DIETS DID NO IMPROVE WEIGHT LOSS

Conference JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE · April 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

Trends in energy and macronutrient intakes by weight status over four decades.

Journal Article Public Health Nutr · February 2014 OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the recent increasing prevalence of obesity was accompanied by variations in energy and macronutrient intakes by weight status. DESIGN: Time series of cross-sectional surveys. SETTING: National Health and Nutrition Examination ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterizing weekly self-reported antihypertensive medication nonadherence across repeated occasions.

Journal Article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2014 BACKGROUND: Little is known about weekly variability in medication nonadherence both between and within persons. PURPOSE: To characterize medication nonadherence across repeated, closely spaced occasions. METHODS: This prospective cohort study comprised fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Two diets with different haemoglobin A1c and antiglycaemic medication effects despite similar weight loss in type 2 diabetes.

Journal Article Diabetes Obes Metab · January 2014 We analysed participants with type 2 diabetes (n = 46) within a larger weight loss trial (n = 146) who were randomized to 48 weeks of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD; n = 22) or a low-fat diet + orlistat (LFD + O; n = 24). At baseline, mean body mass index (B ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adherence to diets for weight loss.

Journal Article JAMA · December 25, 2013 Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of behavioral interventions in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Curr Diab Rep · December 2013 Research on the role of behavior change as an efficacious intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes is evolving. Searching PubMed and Ovid Medline, we identified and reviewed primarily randomized controlled trials from 2010 to 2013 of adults managing ty ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlates of daily leisure-time physical activity in a community sample: Narrow personality traits and practical barriers.

Journal Article Health Psychol · December 2013 OBJECTIVE: Previous studies examining correlates of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) have identified personality factors that are correlated with LTPA and practical factors that impede LTPA. The purpose of the present study was to test how several nar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy and tolerability of treatments for chronic cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal Article Chest · December 2013 BACKGROUND: Understanding the comparative effectiveness of treatments for patients with unexplained or refractory cough is important to increase awareness of proven therapies and their potential adverse effects in this unique population. METHODS: We perfor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluating cough assessment tools: a systematic review.

Journal Article Chest · December 2013 BACKGROUND: Little is known about the comparative validity, reliability, or responsiveness of instruments for assessing cough frequency or impact, where the term impact encompasses both cough severity and the impact of cough on health-related quality of li ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · November 2013 There is no standard meal plan or eating pattern that works universally for all people with diabetes. In order to be effective, nutrition therapy should be individualized for each patient/client based on his or her individual health goals; personal and cul ... Full text Link to item Cite

The influence of a physician and patient intervention program on dietary intake.

Journal Article J Acad Nutr Diet · November 2013 BACKGROUND: Efficient dietary interventions for patients with hypertension in clinical settings are needed. OBJECTIVE: To assess the separate and combined influence of a physician intervention (MD-I) and a patient intervention (PT-I) on dietary intakes of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recruitment and retention rates in behavioral trials involving patients and a support person: a systematic review.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · September 2013 BACKGROUND: Recruitment and retention challenges impede the study of behavioral interventions among patient-support person dyads. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to characterize recruitment and retention rates of behavioral interventions involving dyads. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Demand for weight loss counseling after copayment elimination.

Journal Article Preventing chronic disease · June 17, 2013 Overweight and obesity are public health issues in the United States, and veterans have a higher rate of overweight and obesity than the general population. Our objective was to examine whether copayment elimination increased use of a weight loss clinic by ... Cite

Considering patient diet preference to optimize weight loss: design considerations of a randomized trial investigating the impact of choice.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · May 2013 A variety of diet approaches achieve moderate weight loss in many individuals. Yet, most diet interventions fail to achieve meaningful weight loss in more than a few individuals, likely due to inadequate adherence to the diet. It is widely conjectured that ... Full text Link to item Cite

In response.

Journal Article Med Care · May 2013 Full text Link to item Cite

Demand for weight loss counseling after copayment elimination.

Journal Article Prev Chronic Dis · April 4, 2013 INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity are public health issues in the United States, and veterans have a higher rate of overweight and obesity than the general population. Our objective was to examine whether copayment elimination increased use of a weight ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of fatigue in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis

Conference Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · April 2013 Full text Cite

Short communication: from wasting to obesity: initial antiretroviral therapy and weight gain in HIV-infected persons.

Journal Article AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · March 2013 Data on weight gain and the progression to overweight/obesity in HIV-infected persons during initial combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are limited, and comparisons to the general population are inconclusive. Weight and body mass index (BMI) changes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment and Management of Chronic Cough.

Journal Article AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews · January 2013 Cite

A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of CouPLES: a spouse-assisted lifestyle change intervention to improve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Journal Article Prev Med · January 2013 OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a telephone-delivered, spouse-assisted lifestyle intervention to reduce patient LDL-C. METHOD: From 2007 to 2010, 255 outpatients with LDL-C>76 mg/dL and their spouses from the Durh ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Patient self-efficacy and spouse perception of spousal support are associated with lower patient weight: baseline results from a spousal support behavioral intervention.

Journal Article Psychol Health Med · 2013 Obesity and related chronic illnesses are leading causes of death and excessive health care costs, necessitating identification of factors that can help patients achieve and maintain healthy weight. Greater self-efficacy and perceived spousal support in pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Achieving health for a lifetime: a community engagement assessment focusing on school-age children to decrease obesity in Durham, North Carolina.

Journal Article N C Med J · 2013 BACKGROUND: Obesity is a prominent problem in the United States and in North Carolina. One way of combating it is with community-engaged interventions that foster collaboration between health-oriented organizations and community residents. PURPOSE: Our pur ... Link to item Cite

Demand for weight loss counseling after copayment elimination.

Journal Article Preventing chronic disease · 2013 Overweight and obesity are public health issues in the United States, and veterans have a higher rate of overweight and obesity than the general population. Our objective was to examine whether copayment elimination increased use of a weight loss clinic by ... Full text Cite

Initial validation of a self-report measure of the extent of and reasons for medication nonadherence.

Journal Article Med Care · December 2012 BACKGROUND: Self-report measures of medication nonadherence confound the extent of and reasons for medication nonadherence. Each construct is assessed with a different type of psychometric model, which dictates how to establish reliability and validity. OB ... Full text Link to item Cite

Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors.

Journal Article Obes Rev · November 2012 A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to study the effects of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors (search performed on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus databases). A t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age and sex differences in prospective effects of health goals and motivations on daily leisure-time physical activity.

Journal Article Prev Med · October 2012 OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between health goals, types of motivation for those goals, and daily leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and whether these relationships differ by age or sex. METHODS: From 2005 to 2008, 710 participants in and around ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

Journal Article Am J Epidemiol · October 1, 2012 The effects of low-carbohydrate diets (≤45% of energy from carbohydrates) versus low-fat diets (≤30% of energy from fat) on metabolic risk factors were compared in a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Twenty-three trials from multiple countries ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enhanced fitness: a randomized controlled trial of the effects of home-based physical activity counseling on glycemic control in older adults with prediabetes mellitus.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · September 2012 OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a home-based multicomponent physical activity counseling (PAC) intervention is effective in reducing glycemic measures in older outpatients with prediabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Primary care ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Examining the impact of genetic testing for type 2 diabetes on health behaviors: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article Trials · August 1, 2012 BACKGROUND: We describe the study design, procedures, and development of the risk counseling protocol used in a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of genetic testing for diabetes mellitus (DM) on psychological, health behavior, and clinical ... Full text Link to item Cite

Updated report on comparative effectiveness of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors for patients with essential hypertension: much more data, little new information.

Journal Article J Gen Intern Med · June 2012 OBJECTIVES: A 2007 systematic review compared angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with hypertension. Direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) have since been introduced, and significant new research ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient and provider interventions for managing osteoarthritis in primary care: protocols for two randomized controlled trials.

Journal Article BMC Musculoskelet Disord · April 24, 2012 BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee are among the most common chronic conditions, resulting in substantial pain and functional limitations. Adequate management of OA requires a combination of medical and behavioral strategies. However, some ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Low HDL predicts differential blood pressure effects from two weight-loss approaches: a secondary analysis of blood pressure from a randomized, clinical weight-loss trial.

Journal Article Diabetes Obes Metab · April 2012 Examining predictors of blood-pressure (BP) response to weight-loss diets might provide insight into mechanisms and help guide clinical care. We examined whether certain baseline patient characteristics (e.g. diet, medical history and laboratory tests) pre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of counseling techniques on patients' weight-related attitudes and behaviors in a primary care clinic.

Journal Article Patient Educ Couns · December 2011 OBJECTIVE: Examine primary care physicians' use of counseling techniques when treating overweight and obese patients and the association with mediators of behavior change as well as change in nutrition, exercise, and weight loss attempts. METHODS: We audio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lessons learned when innovations go awry: a baseline description of a behavioral trial-the Enhancing Fitness in Older Overweight Veterans with Impaired Fasting Glucose study.

Journal Article Transl Behav Med · November 2011 Individuals diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance (i.e., prediabetes) are at increased risk for developing diabetes. We proposed a clinical trial with a novel adaptive randomization designed to examine the impact of a home-based physical activity (PA) ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Preventive care in relation to obesity: an analysis of a large, national survey.

Journal Article Am J Prev Med · November 2011 BACKGROUND: Reports from the 1990s observed lower receipt of preventive care services among obese individuals, but a few recent studies in older adults and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients have failed to do so. Additional studies, using populat ... Full text Link to item Cite

The trials and tribulations of enrolling couples in a randomized, controlled trial: a self-management program for hyperlipidemia as a model.

Journal Article Patient Educ Couns · July 2011 OBJECTIVE: Capitalizing on spousal support may enhance the effectiveness of interventions for chronic disease management. However, couples-based interventions present logistical challenges. We describe our experience and lessons learned while recruiting co ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Longitudinal adherence to fecal occult blood testing impacts colorectal cancer screening quality.

Journal Article Am J Gastroenterol · June 2011 OBJECTIVES: Existing cross-sectional quality measures for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening do not assess longitudinal adherence and thus may overestimate the quality of care. Our goal was to evaluate the adherence to repeated yearly fecal occult blood tes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Weight-loss talks: what works (and what doesn't).

Journal Article J Fam Pract · April 2011 BACKGROUND: In primary care encounters, it is unknown whether physician advice on weight-related matters leads to patient weight loss. To examine this issue, we analyzed physician weight loss advice and measured corresponding changes in patients' dietary i ... Link to item Cite

Improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence.

Journal Article J Clin Epidemiol · March 2011 OBJECTIVE: Medication nonadherence is a significant clinical problem in chronic disease management. Self-report measures have inadequate reliability and poor distributional properties. We demonstrate how two fundamental measurement issues have limited the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence: Response to authors

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · March 1, 2011 Full text Cite

Physician characteristics as predictors of blood pressure control in patients enrolled in the hypertension improvement project (HIP).

Journal Article J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · February 2011 The authors sought to examine the relationship between physician characteristics and patient blood pressure (BP) in participants enrolled in the Hypertension Improvement Project (HIP). In this cross-sectional study using baseline data of HIP participants, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improving dietary adherence

Chapter · December 1, 2010 Of the many challenges clinicians face, those associated with unhealthy diet practices may be the most widespread and the most difficult to address and overcome. This is because everyone has performed the ritual of eating (and drinking) more frequently and ... Full text Cite

Animal, vegetable, or ... clinical trial?

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · September 7, 2010 Full text Link to item Cite

Obesity and receipt of clinical preventive services in veterans.

Journal Article Obesity (Silver Spring) · September 2010 Although obese individuals utilize health care at higher rates than their normal weight counterparts, they may be less likely to receive certain preventive services. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of veterans with visits to 136 national Veterans ... Full text Link to item Cite

Do diabetic veterans use the Internet? Self-reported usage, skills, and interest in using My HealtheVet Web portal.

Journal Article Telemed J E Health · June 2010 OBJECTIVE: The Veterans Health Administration has developed My HealtheVet (MHV), a Web-based portal that links veterans to their care in the veteran affairs (VA) system. The objective of this study was to measure diabetic veterans' access to and use of the ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

DO OBESE INDIVIDUALS GET LESS PREVENTIVE CARE?

Journal Article ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE · April 1, 2010 Link to item Cite

A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight loss.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · January 25, 2010 BACKGROUND: Two potent weight loss therapies, a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (LCKD) and orlistat therapy combined with a low-fat diet (O + LFD), are available to the public but, to our knowledge, have never been compared. METHODS: Overweight or obese o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply

Journal Article Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · January 1, 2010 Full text Cite

Hypertension improvement project: randomized trial of quality improvement for physicians and lifestyle modification for patients.

Journal Article Hypertension · December 2009 Despite widely publicized hypertension treatment guidelines for physicians and lifestyle recommendations for patients, blood pressure control rates remain low. In community-based primary care clinics, we performed a nested, 2 x 2 randomized, controlled tri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Carbohydrate-restricted diets for obesity and related diseases: an update.

Journal Article Curr Atheroscler Rep · November 2009 Basic, clinical, and epidemiologic research on carbohydrate-restricted dietary patterns continues to grow, evaluating the impact of this way of eating on weight loss, obesity-associated comorbidities, and development of any adverse effects. Randomized, con ... Full text Link to item Cite

A very low-carbohydrate diet improves symptoms and quality of life in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Journal Article Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol · June 2009 BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) anecdotally report symptom improvement after initiating a very low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD). This study prospectively evaluated a VLCD in IBS-D. METHODS: Participants wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of weight-loss diets.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · May 21, 2009 Full text Link to item Cite

A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance.

Journal Article Cell Metab · April 2009 Metabolomic profiling of obese versus lean humans reveals a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-related metabolite signature that is suggestive of increased catabolism of BCAA and correlated with insulin resistance. To test its impact on metabolic homeostasis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of two weight-loss diets on health-related quality of life.

Journal Article Qual Life Res · April 2009 PURPOSE: To compare the effects of two diets on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHODS: Overweight volunteers (n = 119) were randomized to follow a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (LCKD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) for 24 weeks. HRQOL was measured ev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hypertension Improvement Project (HIP): study protocol and implementation challenges.

Journal Article Trials · February 26, 2009 BACKGROUND: Hypertension affects 29% of the adult U.S. population and is a leading cause of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Despite numerous effective treatments, only 53% of people with hypertension are at goal blood pressure. The chronic care ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Study protocol: Couples Partnering for Lipid Enhancing Strategies (CouPLES) - a randomized, controlled trial.

Journal Article Trials · February 6, 2009 BACKGROUND: Almost 50% of Americans have elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The behaviors required to lower LDL-C levels may be difficult to adhere to if they are inconsistent with spouses' health practices, and, alternatively, may be en ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Nutr Metab (Lond) · December 19, 2008 OBJECTIVE: Dietary carbohydrate is the major determinant of postprandial glucose levels, and several clinical studies have shown that low-carbohydrate diets improve glycemic control. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a diet lower in carbohydrate ... Full text Link to item Cite

The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study.

Journal Article J Hum Hypertens · November 2008 Observational and clinical studies suggest that high protein intake, particularly protein from plant sources, might reduce blood pressure (BP). To examine the association of dietary protein with BP, we analysed data from PREMIER, an 18-month clinical trial ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acid-base analysis of individuals following two weight loss diets.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Nutr · December 2007 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of low-carbohydrate, ketogenic (LCKD) and low-fat (LFD) diets on acid-base status. DESIGN: Prospective analysis of volunteers from two clinical trials. PARTICIPANTS: Subset of 39 volunteers from a randomized trial comparin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonfasting triglycerides and cardiovascular risk.

Journal Article JAMA · November 7, 2007 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · August 2007 Featured Publication The persistence of an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes suggests that new nutritional strategies are needed if the epidemic is to be overcome. A promising nutritional approach suggested by this thematic review is carbohydrate restriction. Recent stud ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does participatory decision making improve hypertension self-care behaviors and outcomes?

Journal Article J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · May 2007 Featured Publication This study examined patients' perceptions of their providers' participatory decision making (PDM) style and hypertension self-care behaviors and outcomes. Five hundred fifty-four veterans with hypertension enrolled in the Veterans' Study to Improve the Con ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study.

Journal Article Dig Dis Sci · February 2007 Featured Publication Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an increasingly common condition that may progress to hepatic cirrhosis. This pilot study evaluated the effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on obesity-associated fatty liver disease. Five patients with a mean b ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet and a low-fat diet on mood, hunger, and other self-reported symptoms.

Journal Article Obesity (Silver Spring) · January 2007 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of weight loss diets on mood, food cravings, and other self-reported symptoms. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Mood and other symptoms were evaluated by participant self-report using the Atkins Health Indicator Test ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

A very low-carbohydrate diet improves gastroesophageal reflux and its symptoms.

Journal Article Dig Dis Sci · August 2006 Featured Publication Obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may experience resolution of symptoms utilizing a very low-carbohydrate diet. The mechanism of this improvement is unknown. This studied aimed to prospectively assess changes in distal esophageal a ... Full text Link to item Cite

In reply [7]

Journal Article Archives of Internal Medicine · July 10, 2006 Full text Cite

A multidimensional integrative medicine intervention to improve cardiovascular risk.

Journal Article J Gen Intern Med · July 2006 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Integrative medicine is an individualized, patient-centered approach to health, combining a whole-person model with evidence-based medicine. Interventions based in integrative medicine theory have not been tested as cardiovascular risk-reductio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet program compared to a low-fat diet on fasting lipoprotein subclasses.

Journal Article Int J Cardiol · June 16, 2006 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets (LCKD) are effective for weight loss, but concerns remain regarding cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an LCKD program on serum lipoprotein subclasses. METHODS: This w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · February 13, 2006 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Low-carbohydrate diets have become increasingly popular for weight loss. However, evidence from individual trials about benefits and risks of these diets to achieve weight loss and modify cardiovascular risk factors is preliminary. METHODS: We ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus in the pre-insulin era (1914-1922).

Journal Article Perspect Biol Med · 2006 Featured Publication Before the discovery of insulin, one of the most common dietary treatments of diabetes mellitus was a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet. A review of Frederick M. Allen's case histories shows that a 70% fat, 8% carbohydrate diet could eliminate glycosuria amo ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on the polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study.

Journal Article Nutr Metab (Lond) · December 16, 2005 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age and is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Because low carbohydrate diets have been shown to reduce insuli ... Full text Link to item Cite

A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes.

Journal Article Nutr Metab (Lond) · December 1, 2005 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (LCKD) may be effective for improving glycemia and reducing medications in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: From an outpatient clinic, we recruited 28 overweight participants with type 2 diabetes for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations between obesity and receipt of screening mammography, Papanicolaou tests, and influenza vaccination: results from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) Study.

Journal Article Am J Public Health · September 2005 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: Obese Americans, who receive more care for chronic diseases, may receive fewer preventive services. We evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and receipt of screening mammography and Papanicolaou tests among middle-aged women a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Elevated body mass index and intermediate-term clinical outcomes after acute coronary syndromes.

Journal Article Am J Med · September 2005 Featured Publication PURPOSE: Obesity is a coronary disease risk factor, but its independent effect on clinical outcomes following acute coronary syndromes has not been quantified. We evaluated the relationship between elevated body mass index (BMI) and 30-day, 90-day, and 1-y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variations in coronary procedure utilization depending on body mass index.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · June 27, 2005 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Increased body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and is associated with lower preventive services utilization. The relationship between BMI ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is a low-carb, low-fat diet optimal?

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · May 9, 2005 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Obesity prevalence among veterans at Veterans Affairs medical facilities.

Journal Article Am J Prev Med · April 2005 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Obesity is a significant public health problem in the United States. Comprehensive obesity prevalence data among veterans have not been previously reported. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 1,803,323 veterans receiving outpatient ... Full text Link to item Cite

A multidimensional integrative medicine intervention to improve cardiovascular risk

Conference JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE · April 1, 2005 Link to item Cite

Diet therapy for narcolepsy.

Journal Article Neurology · June 22, 2004 Featured Publication The effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (LCKD) on sleepiness and other narcolepsy symptoms were studied. Nine patients with narcolepsy were asked to adhere to the Atkins' diet plan, and their symptoms were assessed using the Narcolepsy Symptom St ... Full text Link to item Cite

A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · May 18, 2004 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Low-carbohydrate diets remain popular despite a paucity of scientific evidence on their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet program with those of a low-fat, low-cholesterol, reduced-calorie die ... Full text Link to item Cite

A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Conference JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE · April 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Clinical experience of a carbohydrate-restricted diet for the metabolic syndrome.

Journal Article Metab Syndr Relat Disord · 2004 BACKGROUND: Our objective was to analyze a restricted carbohydrate dietary approach compared to a standard low-fat diet plus medication plan as treatment for weight loss and the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of patients att ... Full text Link to item Cite

A review of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets.

Journal Article Curr Atheroscler Rep · November 2003 Featured Publication In response to the emerging epidemic of obesity in the United States, a renewal of interest in alternative diets has occurred, especially in diets that limit carbohydrate intake. Recent research has demonstrated that low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets can le ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical use of a carbohydrate-restricted diet to treat the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome.

Journal Article Metab Syndr Relat Disord · September 2003 BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome is characterized by an atherogenic dyslipidemia identifiable using lipoprotein subclass analysis. This study assesses the effect of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome in a clinica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Residential smoking therapy.

Journal Article J Gen Intern Med · April 2003 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a pilot 4-day residential smoking treatment program for smokers who had relapsed after participation in an outpatient smoking program. DESIGN: A single-arm clinical trial. Participants stayed in a supportive, smoke-free environment f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diets and clinical coronary events: the truth is out there.

Journal Article Circulation · January 7, 2003 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life in men.

Journal Article Obes Res · October 2002 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Few studies examining the relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) have used a medical outpatient population or demonstrated a relationship in men. Furthermore, most studies have not adequately considered comorbid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of 6-month adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program.

Journal Article Am J Med · July 2002 Featured Publication To determine the effect of a 6-month very low carbohydrate diet program on body weight and other metabolic parameters.Fifty-one overweight or obese healthy volunteers who wanted to lose weight were placed on a very low carbohydrate diet (<25 g/d), with no ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of a very-low-carbohydrate diet program: A randomized, controlled trial.

Journal Article JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE · April 1, 2002 Link to item Cite

Residential smoking cessation therapy.

Journal Article JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE · April 1, 2002 Link to item Cite

Patient satisfaction in resident and attending ambulatory care clinics.

Journal Article J Gen Intern Med · November 2001 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare patient satisfaction with care in resident and attending physician internal medicine ambulatory care clinics. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire derived from the Visit-Specific Satisfaction Questionnair ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improvement of gastroesophageal reflux disease after initiation of a low-carbohydrate diet: five brief case reports.

Journal Article Altern Ther Health Med · 2001 Featured Publication The 5 individuals described in these case reports experienced resolution of GERD symptoms after self-initiation of a low-carbohydrate diet. Their observations suggest that carbohydrate restriction may have contributed to their symptom relief. However, this ... Link to item Cite

Antibiotic prophylaxis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Journal Article Am J Gastroenterol · November 1996 OBJECTIVES: The benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is controversial. The aim of this study is to determine whether prophylactic antibiotic treatment with Cefazolin reduces the incidence of peristomal infection after pe ... Link to item Cite

Evaluation of behavior and development training for pediatric residents.

Journal Article J Med Educ · February 1982 The evaluation of a behavior and development training program that was integrated into a general pediatric training residency is reported. Thirty-two residents who participated in the program were evaluated over one year on measures designed to assess resi ... Full text Link to item Cite