Scholars@Duke publication: Pilot study of aprepitant for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in high risk patients: a phase II randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial.

Pilot study of aprepitant for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in high risk patients: a phase II randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial.

Publication , Journal Article

Shah, TU; Liddle, R; Branch, MS; Jowell, P; Obando, J; Poleski, M

Published in: JOP

September 10, 2012

CONTEXT: Animal studies have demonstrated a role for substance P binding to neurokinin-1 receptor in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the efficacy of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (aprepitant) at preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis in high risk patients. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial at a single academic medical center. INTERVENTION: Patients at high risk for post-ERCP pancreatitis received either placebo or oral aprepitant administered 4 hours prior to ERCP, 80 mg 24 hours after the first dose, and then 80 mg 24 hours after the second dose. PATIENTS: Thirty-four patients received aprepitant and 39 patients received placebo. STATISTICS: Fisher's exact test was used to compare incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis in the two groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Incidence of acute pancreatitis was 7 in the aprepitant group and 7 in the placebo group. Hospitalization within 7 days post-procedure for abdominal pain that did not meet criteria for acute pancreatitis occurred in 6 and 9 patients in the aprepitant and placebo groups respectively (P=0.772). CONCLUSIONS: Aprepitant did not lower incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis in this preliminary human study. Larger studies potentially using the recently available intravenous formulation are necessary to conclusively clarify the efficacy of aprepitant in this setting.