Scholars@Duke
James D. Eastwood

James D. Eastwood

Associate Professor of Radiology
Radiology, Neuroradiology
eastw004@mc.duke.edu
Box 3808 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
1527 Hosp North, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Extrapulmonary Findings and Malignancies in Participants Screened With Chest CT in the National Lung Screening Trial.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · March 2017 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of clinically significant extrapulmonary findings on chest CT for lung cancer screening in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). METHODS: Prospectively acquired data on 17,309 participants wh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parathyroid 4D CT and Scintigraphy: What Factors Contribute to Missed Parathyroid Lesions?

Journal Article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · May 2016 OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of missed lesions for parathyroid 4-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) and scintigraphy and to describe the factors leading to missed lesions for both modalities. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physician self-referral and imaging use appropriateness: negative cervical spine MRI frequency as an assessment metric.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · December 2014 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Imaging self-referral is increasingly cited as a contributor to diagnostic imaging overuse. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ownership of MR imaging equipment by ordering physicians influences the frequency of nega ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using the 3-tiered system for categorizing workup of incidental thyroid nodules detected on CT, MRI, or PET/CT: how many cancers would be missed?

Journal Article Thyroid · December 2014 BACKGROUND: A 3-tiered system has been proposed by radiologists for the reporting and workup of incidental thyroid nodules (ITN) detected on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PE ... Full text Link to item Cite

High variability in radiologists' reporting practices for incidental thyroid nodules detected on CT and MRI.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · June 2014 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are no guidelines for reporting incidental thyroid nodules seen on CT and MR imaging. We evaluated radiologists' current reporting practices for incidental thyroid nodules detected on these imaging modalities. MATERIALS AND ME ... Full text Link to item Cite

An exponential growth in incidence of thyroid cancer: trends and impact of CT imaging.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · April 2014 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Workup of incidental thyroid nodules detected on CT imaging could be contributing to the increased diagnosis of small thyroid cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate recent trends in the incidence of thyroid cancer, and t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Applying the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound recommendations for fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules: effect on workup and malignancy detection.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · March 2014 OBJECTIVE: The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) recommendations on thyroid nodules are intended to "diagnose thyroid cancers that have reached clinical significance, while avoiding unnecessary tests and surgery in patients with benign nodules." ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intracranial abscess as a complication of allergic fungal sinusitis.

Journal Article J Neuroimaging · 2014 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This case involves a common disease, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), with the uncommon complication of intracranial abscess. Although AFS is known to result in bone erosion, invasive complications are rare. METHODS: The clinical an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physician self-referral: frequency of negative findings at MR imaging of the knee as a marker of appropriate utilization.

Journal Article Radiology · December 2013 PURPOSE: To determine whether ownership of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging equipment by ordering physicians affects the likelihood of positive findings at MR imaging of the knee and to evaluate rates of knee abnormalities seen at MR imaging as a metric for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Incidental thyroid nodules on CT: evaluation of 2 risk-categorization methods for work-up of nodules.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · September 2013 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Thyroid nodules are common incidental findings on CT, but there are no clear guidelines regarding their further diagnostic work-up. This study compares the performance of 2 risk-categorization methods of selecting CT-detected incide ... Full text Link to item Cite

Journal Club: Shoulder MRI utilization: relationship of physician MRI equipment ownership to negative study frequency.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · September 2013 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to determine whether ownership of MRI equipment by ordering physicians influences the frequency of negative shoulder MRI scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 1140 consecutive should ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recurrent laryngopyocele: CT-guided hookwire localization for re-excision surgery.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · April 2013 Laryngopyocele recurrence after initial surgical resection is a very rare occurrence. We present a case of recurrent laryngopyocele in which CT fluoroscopy-guided hookwire placement was used to facilitate resection. In this article, we illustrate the imagi ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT-guided cervical transforaminal steroid injections: where should the needle tip be located?

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · March 2013 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of CT-guided CTSI is to inject medication into the foraminal region where the nerve root is inflamed. The optimal location for needle placement and therapeutic delivery, however, remain uncertain. The purpose of this study w ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT-guided lumbar nerve root injections: are we using the correct radiation dose settings?

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · November 2012 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Selecting a lower tube current for CT fluoroscopic spine injections is a method of radiation dose reduction. Ideally tube current should be tailored to the patient's body habitus, but a greater influence on tube current may be the p ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT-guided hookwire placement: a technical innovation for preoperative localization of nonpalpable cervical lymph nodes.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · August 2012 The aim is to describe the technique of preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization of small, but suspicious, cervical lymph nodes. We present 3 patients who underwent the procedure for nonpalpable cervical nodes detected on PET/CT prior to complete surgi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physician self-referral of lumbar spine MRI with comparative analysis of negative study rates as a marker of utilization appropriateness.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · June 2012 OBJECTIVE: Financial interest in imaging equipment may affect the imaging referral patterns of ordering physicians. The purpose of this article is to determine whether ownership of MRI equipment by ordering physicians predicts the likelihood and prevalence ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parathyroid lesions: characterization with dual-phase arterial and venous enhanced CT of the neck.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · May 2012 This clinical report describes the enhancement characteristics of hypersecreting parathyroid lesions on dual-phase neck CT. We retrospectively analyzed the enhancement characteristics of 5 pathologically confirmed PTH-secreting lesions on dual-phase CT exa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Organ-based dose current modulation and thyroid shields: techniques of radiation dose reduction for neck CT.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · May 2012 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in absorbed organ dose and image quality for MDCT neck protocols using automatic tube current modulation alone compared with organ-based dose modulation and in-plane thyroid bismuth shieldin ... Full text Link to item Cite

What to do with incidental thyroid nodules on imaging? An approach for the radiologist.

Journal Article Semin Ultrasound CT MR · April 2012 The incidental thyroid nodule is a common finding on cross-sectional imaging of the neck and chest. Although the majority of nonpalpable incidental nodules are benign, the radiologist must assess the risk of malignancy, intelligently report the finding, an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variation in tube voltage for adult neck MDCT: effect on radiation dose and image quality.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · March 2012 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of peak kilovoltage on radiation dose and image quality in adult neck MDCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anthropomorphic phantom with metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor detectors was ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlation of cross-sectional diameter with image quality and radiation exposure in MDCT examinations of the neck.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · November 2011 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify an optimal cross-sectional neck diameter that correlates with image quality and radiation exposure in MDCT examinations of the neck performed with automatic tube current modulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation dose exposure for lumbar spine epidural steroid injections: a comparison of conventional fluoroscopy data and CT fluoroscopy techniques.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · October 2011 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to compare the radiation dose of conventional fluoroscopy-guided lumbar epidural steroid injections (ESIs) and CT fluoroscopy (CTF)-guided lumbar ESI using both clinical data and anthropomorphic phantoms. MATERIALS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bilateral retropharyngeal parathyroid hyperplasia detected with 4D multidetector row CT.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · May 2011 We present a case of bilateral retropharyngeal parathyroid hyperplasia detected with 4D-CT in a patient with persistent primary hyperparathyroidism and failed neck exploration. We discuss the embryologic basis of ectopic retropharyngeal parathyroid adenoma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multiplanar CT and MRI of collections in the retropharyngeal space: is it an abscess?

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · April 2011 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to describe a practical imaging approach to evaluating collections in the retropharyngeal space. CONCLUSION: The differential diagnoses for fluid in the retropharyngeal space include both noninfectious and infectio ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT mucosal window settings: a novel approach to evaluating early T-stage head and neck carcinoma.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · October 2010 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the CT densities of small head and neck mucosal cancers as a means of deriving a CT mucosal window display of narrower window width and higher window level to better detect and delineate head and neck car ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multiplanar sinus CT: a systematic approach to imaging before functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · June 2010 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this essay is to present a systematic approach to the use of coronal, axial, and sagittal images for CT evaluation of the sinuses before functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). CONCLUSION: We present a systematic approach to t ... Full text Link to item Cite

What's in a name? Eponyms in head and neck imaging.

Journal Article Clin Radiol · March 2010 Head and neck (H&N) eponyms serve to honour physicians who have made important contributions. Compared with more descriptive diagnostic names, eponyms can sometimes be confusing, especially to the novice. Adding to the confusion, eponyms are sometimes appl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does diffusion-weighted imaging represent the ischemic core? An evidence-based systematic review.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · June 2009 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted(DWI) hyperintensity is hypothesized to represent irreversibly infarcted tissue (ischemic core) in the setting of acute stroke [corrected]. Measurement of the ischemic core has implications for both prognosis and t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute stroke imaging research roadmap.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · May 2008 The recent "Advanced Neuroimaging for Acute Stroke Treatment" meeting on September 7 and 8, 2007 in Washington DC, brought together stroke neurologists, neuroradiologists, emergency physicians, neuroimaging research scientists, members of the National Inst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multifocal anaplastic astrocytoma in a patient with hereditary colorectal cancer, transcobalamin II deficiency, agenesis of the corpus callosum, mental retardation, and inherited PMS2 mutation.

Journal Article Neuro Oncol · February 2008 We describe the case of a patient with transcobalamin II deficiency, hypogammaglobulinemia, absent corpus callosum, and mental retardation who presented at an early age with colorectal cancer and multifocal anaplastic astrocytoma. He was found to have a po ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT perfusion-derived mean transit time predicts early mortality and delayed vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · January 2008 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are limited indicators available to predict cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study was to determine if CT perfusion-derived hemodynamic parameters are predictors of vasospa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multidetector computed tomography in cerebrovascular disease: CT perfusion imaging

Book · January 1, 2007 Multidetector Computed Tomography in Cerebrovascular Disease: CT Perfusion Imaging focuses on anatomy and procedural strategy for perfusion CT imaging in clinical neurology and cerebrovascular disease. This text-atlas combines pictures and schematic diagra ... Cite

Preface

Book · January 1, 2007 Cite

Dynamic CT perfusion imaging in subarachnoid hemorrhage-related vasospasm.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · March 2006 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nimodipine is a therapy that reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), though the mechanisms by which it does so are not well understood. In a rabbit model of SAH, we studied the effects of nimo ... Link to item Cite

Brain morphometry, T2-weighted hyperintensities, and IQ in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · December 2005 BACKGROUND: Larger gray matter (GM) volume in healthy children is correlated with higher IQ. Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have larger brains, their magnetic resonance images frequently show T2-weighted hyperintensities, and their IQs are lo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative overview of brain perfusion imaging techniques.

Journal Article J Neuroradiol · December 2005 Numerous imaging techniques have been developed and applied to evaluate brain hemodynamics. Among these are: Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Xenon-enhanced Computed Tomography (XeCT), Dynamic Perfusio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyperperfusion on perfusion computed tomography following revascularization for acute stroke.

Journal Article Acta Radiol · October 2005 PURPOSE: To describe the findings of hyperperfusion on perfusion computed tomography (CT) in four patients following revascularization for acute stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2002-2003, among a series of 6 patients presenting with an acute stroke and tr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative overview of brain perfusion imaging techniques

Journal Article Stroke · September 1, 2005 Background and Purpose - Numerous imaging techniques have been developed and applied to evaluate brain hemodynamics. Among these are positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, Xenon-enhanced computed tomography, dynamic perfu ... Full text Cite

Assessment of apparent diffusion coefficient in normal and degenerated intervertebral lumbar disks: initial experience.

Journal Article Radiology · May 2005 PURPOSE: To determine prospectively the diffusibility of water in normal lumbar disks in adults by using the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and to determine if a relationship exists between disk ADC and magnetic resonance (MR) findings of disk d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Subcutaneous administration of nimodipine improves bioavailability in rabbits.

Journal Article J Neurosci Methods · October 30, 2004 We compared subcutaneous and oral methods of nimodipine administration to determine a method of nimodipine administration that maintained serum levels at or above the optimal therapeutic concentration (7 ng/ml). Plasma concentrations of nimodipine were mea ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of varying user-selected input parameters on quantitative values in CT perfusion maps.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · October 2004 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Deconvolution-based software can be used to calculate quantitative maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT) from first-pass computed tomography perfusion (CTP) datasets. The appli ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT perfusion parameter values in regions of diffusion abnormalities.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · August 2004 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dynamic CT perfusion imaging is a rapid and widely available method for assessing cerebral hemodynamics in the setting of ischemia. Nevertheless, little is known about perfusion parameters within regions of diffusion abnormality. Si ... Link to item Cite

User-defined vascular input function curves: influence on mean perfusion parameter values and signal-to-noise ratio.

Journal Article Radiology · May 2004 The authors reviewed 40 computed tomographic (CT) perfusion studies to determine the effect of arterial and venous input function properties on perfusion parameter values and tissue signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A 10-subject subset was analyzed to evaluate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sacral tuberculosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Journal Article Surg Neurol · February 2004 BACKGROUND: We present a patient with a heterogeneously enhancing lesion within the body of the sacrum and the sacral canal. Sacral tuberculosis (TB) was suspected because of a history of familial exposure. Few cases isolated to the sacrum have been report ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlation of early dynamic CT perfusion imaging with whole-brain MR diffusion and perfusion imaging in acute hemispheric stroke.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · October 2003 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Compared with MR imaging, dynamic CT perfusion imaging covers only a fraction of the whole brain. An important assumption is that CT perfusion abnormalities correlate with total ischemic volume. The purpose of our study was to measu ... Link to item Cite

Cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and vascular permeability of cerebral glioma assessed with dynamic CT perfusion imaging.

Journal Article Neuroradiology · June 2003 We report dynamic CT perfusion imaging assessment of hemodynamics in a patient with a high-grade cerebral glioma and compare our results to those of previously published studies. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitative assessment of the time course of infarct signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · April 2003 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging is important in evaluating acute stroke, and knowledge of the signal intensity changes associated with acute stroke is valuable. Our purpose was to model the time course of the signal intensity of ... Link to item Cite

Perfusion CT with iodinated contrast material.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · January 2003 Full text Link to item Cite

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of carotid arteries: utility in routine clinical practice.

Journal Article Stroke · December 2002 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA) is among the newer noninvasive tests used for the evaluation of patients with carotid artery disease. Evidence supporting its utility in routine clinical practice is lacking. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetic resonance imaging with lateralized arterial spin labeling.

Journal Article Magn Reson Imaging · October 2002 We report the development of a new MRI technique which allows spins from right-sided arteries to be labeled separately from spins from left-sided arteries. This method uses two spatially-selective adiabatic inversion pulses to alternate the labeling of the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phase II study of irinotecan (CPT-11) in children with high-risk malignant brain tumors: the Duke experience.

Journal Article Neuro Oncol · April 2002 A phase II study of irinotecan (CPT-11) was conducted at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, to evaluate the activity of this agent in children with high-risk malignant brain tumors. A total of 22 children were enrolled in this study, including 13 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diffusion-weighted imaging in a patient with vertebral and epidural abscesses.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · March 2002 In this report, we describe the appearance of the spinal vertebral body and epidural abscesses in a patient who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging of the spine and CT-guided aspiration of one of the abscesses. The abscesses were hyperintense relative to ... Link to item Cite

Dynamic CT perfusion imaging with acetazolamide challenge for the preprocedural evaluation of a patient with symptomatic middle cerebral artery occlusive disease.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · February 2002 We describe the use of a CT-based method of cerebral perfusion imaging, dynamic CT perfusion imaging, for the pre- and postprocedural assessment of cerebral blood flow in a patient with symptomatic middle cerebral artery occlusive disease who underwent bal ... Link to item Cite

CT perfusion scanning with deconvolution analysis: pilot study in patients with acute middle cerebral artery stroke.

Journal Article Radiology · January 2002 PURPOSE: To measure mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) in ischemic and nonischemic territories and in low-attenuation regions in patients with acute stroke by using deconvolution-derived hemodynamic imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with acute mi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased brain apparent diffusion coefficient in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Journal Article Radiology · May 2001 PURPOSE: To describe the changes in brain water diffusibility in five anatomic locations in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1) compared with these changes in control subjects and to describe the water diffusibility changes associated with hyperi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Practical injection-rate CT perfusion imaging: deconvolution-derived hemodynamics in a case of stroke.

Journal Article Neuroradiology · March 2001 Previously reported methods of dynamic, contrast-enhanced, CT perfusion imaging in acute stroke have been promising but substantially limited by their dependence on very rapid rates of injection (typically 10-20 ml/s in an arm vein). Newly available deconv ... Full text Link to item Cite

An unusual variant of the fronto-orbital artery.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · May 2000 A patient with a rare variation of the fronto-orbital artery is presented. In this case, the fronto-orbital artery arises from the A1 segment of the contralateral anterior cerebral artery. The angiographic findings in this case are illustrated and discusse ... Link to item Cite

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the normal human spinal cord in vivo.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · 2000 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted imaging is a robust technique for evaluation of a variety of neurologic diseases affecting the brain, and might also have applications in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility ... Link to item Cite

New techniques in magnetic resonance imaging.

Journal Article Curr Opin Ophthalmol · December 1998 Technical developments in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits provide a challenge to radiologists and practicing clinicians alike. Several new trends in brain imaging are reviewed, including fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), diffu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retropharyngeal effusion in acute calcific prevertebral tendinitis: diagnosis with CT and MR imaging.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · October 1998 Three patients with the diagnosis of acute calcific prevertebral tendinitis underwent CT or a combination of CT and MR imaging, which showed previously described findings of calcifications within the tendons of the longus colli muscles. In addition, howeve ... Link to item Cite

Imaging diagnosis of vascular anomalies of the head and neck

Journal Article Applied Radiology · December 1, 1996 Cite