Karan Ravindra Kumar

Journal Article Pediatr Pulmonol · October 2025 The American Thoracic Society Core Curriculum updates clinicians annually in relevant topics related to pediatric pulmonary diseases. This is a summary of the Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Core Curriculum presented at the 2024 American Thoracic Society Inte ... Full text Link to item Cite

In-Flight Medical Events on Commercial Airline Flights.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · September 2, 2025 IMPORTANCE: In-flight medical events are an inevitable challenge in commercial aviation. Managing these events is complicated by constrained medical resources and delayed access to definitive care. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the epidemiology of in-flight m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive Ventilation or CPAP in the Initial Treatment Phase of Small Infants With Respiratory Failure.

Journal Article Respir Care · February 2025 Background: Respiratory failure in infants is a common reason for admission to the pediatric ICU (PICU). Although high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is the preferred first-line treatment at our institution, some infants require CPAP or noninvasive ventilation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacoepidemiology of combination pulmonary vasodilator therapy in critically ill infants.

Journal Article Cardiol Young · January 2025 BACKGROUND: New drugs to target different pathways in pulmonary hypertension has resulted in increased combination therapy, but details of this use in infants are not well described. In this large multicenter database study, we describe the pharmacoepidemi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ventilation Monitoring Using a Noninvasive Bioelectrical Impedance Device in Critically Ill Children.

Journal Article Respir Care · January 2025 Full text Link to item Cite

Characterizing Enoxaparin's Population Pharmacokinetics to Guide Dose Individualization in the Pediatric Population.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacokinet · July 2024 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pediatric dosing of enoxaparin was derived based on extrapolation of the adult therapeutic range to children. However, a large fraction of children do not achieve therapeutic anticoagulation with initial dosing. We aim to use real ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors Associated With Successful Extubation Readiness Testing in Children With Congenital Heart Disease.

Journal Article Respir Care · March 27, 2024 BACKGROUND: In children with congenital heart disease, extubation readiness testing (ERT) is performed to evaluate the potential for liberation from mechanical ventilation. There is a paucity of data that suggests what mechanical ventilation parameters are ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and Temporal Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Clinical Deterioration.

Journal Article Hosp Pediatr · January 1, 2024 OBJECTIVES: Early warning scores detecting clinical deterioration in pediatric inpatients have wide-ranging performance and use a limited number of clinical features. This study developed a machine learning model leveraging multiple static and dynamic clin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive Ventilation or CPAP for Postextubation Support in Small Infants.

Journal Article Respir Care · December 28, 2023 BACKGROUND: Infants with a high risk of extubation failure are often treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or CPAP, but data on the role of these support modalities following extubation are sparse. This report describes our experience using NIV or CPA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Hypoglycemia and the Occurrence of Early Onset Sepsis in Premature Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc · December 26, 2023 BACKGROUND: We examined the association between hypoglycemia and the occurrence of early onset sepsis (EOS) in premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: We included infants discharged from 358 NICUs between 1997 and 20 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid White Blood Cell Components for the Identification of Bacterial Meningitis in Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc · December 26, 2023 BACKGROUND: To evaluate the diagnostic and predictive utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) components in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: We identified ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Dead Space to Tidal Volume Ratio and Duration of Respiratory Support After Extubation in Critically Ill Children.

Journal Article Respir Care · November 2023 BACKGROUND: The dead-space-to-tidal-volume ratio (VD/VT) has been used to successfully predict extubation failure in children who are critically ill. However, a singular reliable measure to predict the level and duration of respiratory support after libera ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk of in-hospital Deterioration for Children with Single Ventricle Physiology.

Journal Article Pediatr Cardiol · August 2023 Children with single ventricle physiology (SV) are at high risk of in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Identifying children at risk for deterioration may allow for earlier escalation of care and subsequently decreased mortality.We conducted a retrospectiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing clinical site readiness for electronic health record (EHR)-to-electronic data capture (EDC) automated data collection.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · May 2023 BACKGROUND: eSource software is used to automatically copy a patient's electronic health record data into a clinical study's electronic case report form. However, there is little evidence to assist sponsors in identifying the best sites for multi-center eS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Pressure Support During Extubation Readiness Testing and Time to First Extubation in Children With Congenital Heart Disease.

Journal Article Respir Care · March 2023 BACKGROUND: Extubation readiness testing (ERT) is often performed in children with congenital heart disease prior to liberation from mechanical ventilation. The ideal ERT method in this population is unknown. We recently changed our ERT method from variabl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between simulated ketamine exposures and oxygen saturations in children.

Journal Article Int J Pharmacokinet · February 2023 AIM: We performed a real-world data analysis to evaluate the relationship between simulated ketamine exposures and oxygen desaturation in children. MATERIALS & METHODS: A previously developed population pharmacokinetic model was used to simulate exposures ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Electronic Health Record Data to Predict Clinical and Safety Outcomes after Methylprednisolone Exposure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Neonates.

Journal Article Congenit Heart Dis · 2023 BACKGROUND: Infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) frequently receive intraoperative methylprednisolone (MP) to suppress CPB-related inflammation; however, the optimal dosing strategy and efficacy of MP remain unclear. METHODS ... Full text Link to item Cite

A systematic review of clinical study evidence for pulmonary vasodilator therapy following surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children with CHD.

Journal Article Cardiol Young · September 2022 OBJECTIVES: Complications from pulmonary hypertension are one of the leading contributors to morbidity and mortality post-cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in children with CHD. Pulmonary vasodilator therapies are commonly used post-operatively, but the optim ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Exebacase in an Infant With Disseminated Staphylococcus aureus Infection.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · August 25, 2022 Exebacase, an antistaphylococcal lysin produced from a bacteriophage-encoded gene, is a promising adjunctive therapy for severe methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. We describe the first infant to receive exebacase, dosing, and pharmacok ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Use of Real-World Data and Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Characterize Enoxaparin Disposition in Children With Obesity.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacol Ther · August 2022 Dosing guidance for children with obesity is often unknown despite the fact that nearly 20% of US children are classified as obese. Enoxaparin, a commonly prescribed low-molecular-weight heparin, is dosed based on body weight irrespective of obesity status ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Digoxin Use and Cardiac Function in Infants With Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease During the Interstage Period.

Journal Article Pediatr Crit Care Med · June 1, 2022 OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between digoxin use and cardiac function assessed by echocardiographic indices in infants with single-ventricle (SV) congenital heart disease (CHD) during the interstage period. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SET ... Full text Link to item Cite

The relationship between simulated milrinone exposure and hypotension in children.

Journal Article Cardiol Young · May 2022 INTRODUCTION: Hypotension is an adverse event that may be related to systemic exposure of milrinone; however, the true exposure-safety relationship is unknown. METHODS: Using the Pediatric Trials Network multicentre repository, we identified children ≤17 y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and Evaluation of a Virtual Population of Children with Obesity for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacokinet · February 2022 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: While one in five children in the USA are now obese, and more than three-quarters receive at least one drug during childhood, there is limited dosing guidance for this vulnerable patient population. Physiologically based pharmacok ... Full text Link to item Cite

Survival, Morbidities, and Developmental Outcomes among Low Birth Weight Infants with Congenital Heart Defects.

Journal Article Am J Perinatol · November 2021 OBJECTIVE: Prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) are risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality in infants with congenital heart defects (CHDs). We sought to describe survival, inhospital morbidities, and 2-year neurodevelopmental follow-up in LBW ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluating Site-Level Implementations of the HL7 FHIR Standard to Support eSource Data Exchange in Clinical Research.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · May 27, 2021 Direct extraction and use of electronic health record (EHR) data is a long-term and multifaceted endeavor that includes design, development, implementation and evaluation of methods and tools for semi-automating tasks in the research data collection proces ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of perineural catheter fixation methods: a volunteer study.

Journal Article Anaesthesia · May 2021 Full text Link to item Cite

High-Frequency Jet Ventilation in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Failure.

Journal Article Respir Care · February 2021 BACKGROUND: High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is primarily used in premature neonates; however, its use in pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure has been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate HFJV use in the pediatric critic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of effect of scheduled fresh frozen plasma on ECMO circuit life: A randomized pilot trial.

Journal Article Transfusion · January 2021 BACKGROUND: Factor consumption is common during ECMO complicating the balance of pro and anticoagulation factors. This study sought to determine whether transfusion of coagulation factors using fresh frozen plasma (FFP) increased ECMO circuit life and decr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between preoperative respiratory support and outcomes in paediatric cardiac surgery.

Journal Article Cardiol Young · January 2020 BACKGROUND: Preoperative mechanical ventilation is associated with morbidity and mortality following CHD surgery, but prior studies lack a comprehensive analysis of how preoperative respiratory support mode and timing affects outcomes. METHODS: We retrospe ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Comparative safety profile of chloral hydrate versus other sedatives for procedural sedation in hospitalized infants.

Journal Article J Neonatal Perinatal Med · 2020 BACKGROUND: Given the limited available evidence on chloral hydrate safety in neonatal populations and the discrepancy in chloral hydrate acceptance between the US and other countries, we sought to clarify the safety profile of chloral hydrate compared to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacoepidemiology of Furosemide in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Journal Article Neonatology · 2020 BACKGROUND: Furosemide is commonly used off-label in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), but current dosing practices vary widely. OBJECTIVES: To describe dosing practices including route, dose, and duration of exposure to furosemide in a large number ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluating the Coverage of the HL7 ® FHIR ® Standard to Support eSource Data Exchange Implementations for use in Multi-Site Clinical Research Studies.

Journal Article AMIA Annu Symp Proc · 2020 The direct use of EHR data in research, often referred to as 'eSource', has long-been a goal for researchers because of anticipated increases in data quality and reductions in site burden. eSource solutions should rely on data exchange standards for consis ... Link to item Cite

Patterns of phlebotomy blood loss and transfusions in extremely low birth weight infants.

Journal Article J Perinatol · December 2019 OBJECTIVE: Characterize frequency and volume of blood draws and transfusions in extremely low birth weight infants in the first 10 weeks of life. STUDY DESIGN: We included infants with a birth weight <1000 g born 23 0/7-29 6/7 weeks gestational age (GA) an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk of development of treated retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants.

Journal Article J Perinatol · November 2019 OBJECTIVE: Quantify the risk of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among infants meeting current U.S. screening guidelines. STUDY DESIGN: Among infants ≤1500 g birth weight or ≤30 weeks gestation screened for ROP from 2006-2015, we developed a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Commentary: Singling out single ventricles after Fontan.

Journal Article J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg · May 2019 Full text Link to item Cite

Correction to: Recurrence of nephrotic syndrome following kidney transplantation is associated with initial native kidney biopsy findings : A Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium (MWPNC) study.

Journal Article Pediatr Nephrol · March 2019 The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The subtitle "A Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium (MWPNC) study" was missing. The correct title including subtitle is given above. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of Atrial Septal Defects and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · November 2018 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the presence of an atrial septal defect (ASD) and the odds of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. STUDY DESIGN: We identified a cohort of infants that underwent at least one echoc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recurrence of nephrotic syndrome following kidney transplantation is associated with initial native kidney biopsy findings.

Journal Article Pediatr Nephrol · October 2018 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in children. Recurrence of primary disease following tra ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between Furosemide Exposure and Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Hospitalized Infants of Very Low Birth Weight.

Journal Article J Pediatr · August 2018 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between furosemide exposure and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a large, contemporary cohort of hospitalized infants with very low birth weight (VLBW). STUDY DESIGN: Using the Pediatrix Medical Group Clinical Data W ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cardiovascular physiology for intensivists

Chapter · January 1, 2018 Importance: The goal of the cardiovascular system is to maximize delivery of oxygen to organs and tissues to meet their metabolic demands. Disruption of this normal cardiac function is common in a variety of pediatric disease states that require management ... Full text Cite

Novel transcriptional activities of vitamin E: inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis.

Journal Article Biochemistry · January 15, 2008 Vitamin E is a dietary lipid that is essential for vertebrate health and fertility. The biological activity of vitamin E is thought to reflect its ability to quench oxygen- and carbon-based free radicals and thus to protect the organism from oxidative dama ... Full text Link to item Cite

Formins regulate the actin-related protein 2/3 complex-independent polarization of the centrosome to the immunological synapse.

Journal Article Immunity · February 2007 T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization is considered to be actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex dependent. We therefore examined the requirement for Arp2/3- and formin-dependent F-actin nucleation during T cell activation. We demonst ... Full text Link to item Cite