Journal ArticleNorth American Spine Society Journal · March 1, 2026
Background Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are increasingly being recognized as credible tools for use across diverse healthcare settings. While artificial intelligence (AI) use has previously been evaluated in emergency medicine, its use in subs ...
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Journal ArticleSurg Radiol Anat · January 5, 2026
PURPOSE: To establish parameters for congenital cervical stenosis (CCS) using computed tomography (CT), assessing influences of patient sex, race, and ethnicity. METHODS: Measurements were collected of anteroposterior diameter (APD), interpedicular distanc ...
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Journal ArticleJ Spine Surg · December 31, 2025
BACKGROUND: Quantitative parameters for the diagnosis of congenital lumbar stenosis (CLS) have yet to be universally accepted. This study establishes parameters for congenital stenosis of lumbar neuroforaminal dimensions (LNFD) using computed tomography (C ...
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Journal ArticleN Am Spine Soc J · December 2025
BACKGROUND: Posterior kyphotic deformity correction in patients with osteoporosis carries a significant risk of instrumentation cut-out. Anterior approaches allow direct distraction at the center of the deformity, yet reduction devices or instrumentation m ...
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Journal ArticleSpine J · October 2025
In recent years, the field of spine surgery has seen significant advancements in surgical techniques alongside a growing emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). This paper explores the significant impact of DEI on spine surgery, recognizing its ...
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Journal ArticleSpine J · October 2025
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The influence of SDOH on spine surgery is poorly understood. Historically, researchers commonly focused on the isolated influences of race, insurance status, or income on healthcare outcomes. However, analysis of SDOH is becoming increa ...
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Journal ArticleSpine J · October 2025
BACKGROUND: Race and sex differences are not consistently reported in the literature. Fundamentally, anatomical differences of cervical neuroforaminal dimensions (CNFD) amongst these groups would be important to know. PURPOSE: To establish normative radiog ...
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Journal ArticleJ Spine Surg · September 30, 2025
BACKGROUND: The evolution of the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has resulted in the popularization of three main techniques: the minimally invasive TLIF (MIS-TLIF), the transfacet TLIF (TF-TLIF), and the percutaneous TLIF (Perc-TLIF). While ...
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Journal ArticleEur Spine J · September 2025
PURPOSE: This study analyzed responses and readability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models to questions and recommendations from the 2014 Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine (JNS) guidelines for fusion procedures in the treatment of degenerative l ...
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Journal ArticleTomography · August 27, 2025
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A thorough understanding of spinal anatomy is essential for diagnostic assessment and surgical intervention. Interspinous distance (ISD), neuroforaminal dimensions (NFDs), and disc space height (DSH) have each been studied separately ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · August 2025
BACKGROUND: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) in deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently unvalidated in its content. This study sought to analyze AI responses to questions and recommendations from the 2018 Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) gu ...
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Journal ArticleSpine J · July 5, 2025
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The social vulnerability index (SVI) is a centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) census data tool to identify populations that are susceptible to hazards and health emergencies. Higher scores indicate more socioeconomic vulner ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Med · June 13, 2025
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a commonly employed surgical technique for managing lumbar degenerative disease and spinal instability. While it offers advantages over posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), traditional TLIF often involv ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · April 2025
Radiographic parameters for diagnosing cervical neuroforaminal stenosis (CNFS) are not well described. To develop definitive criteria for diagnosis of CNFS, a standardized baseline of average neuroforaminal dimensions must first be established. Thus, the a ...
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Journal ArticleSpine (Phila Pa 1976) · April 1, 2025
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to establish the normal distribution of the vasculature surrounding the SI joint while also demonstrating associations between distribution and laterality, sex, and ethnicity. SUMMARY OF BACKG ...
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Journal ArticleGlobal Spine Journal · March 1, 2025
Objectives: While the radiographic criteria for diagnosing central lumbar stenosis are well described, criteria for diagnosing neuroforaminal stenosis (NFS) are unclear. Prior research has utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize neurofora ...
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Journal ArticleClin Neurol Neurosurg · January 2025
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the response and readability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models to questions and recommendations proposed by the 2023 Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) guidelines for Chiari 1 malformation. METHODS: T ...
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Journal ArticleBrain Spine · 2025
INTRODUCTION: The normative relationship between lumbar intervertebral disc space height (DSH) and neuroforaminal dimensions (NFD) has yet to be defined. RESEARCH QUESTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lumbar DSH an ...
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Journal ArticleJ Health Econ Outcomes Res · 2025
BACKGROUND: The cost of medical procedures in the United States varies dramatically depending on the payment system, including Medicare, Medi-Cal (California's Medicaid program), private insurance, or lien-based payment models used in personal injury cases ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research · 2025
Background
The cost of medical procedures in the United States varies dramatically depending on the payment system, including Medicare, Medi-Cal (California’s Medicaid program), private insurance, or lien-based payment models used in personal inju ...
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Journal ArticleJ Am Acad Orthop Surg · November 15, 2024
INTRODUCTION: Quantitative parameters for diagnosis of congenital lumbar stenosis (CLS) have yet to be universally accepted. This study establishes parameters for CLS using CT, assessing the influences of patient sex, race, ethnicity, and anthropometric ch ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Spine Surg · September 26, 2024
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine whether the iliac crests are truly at the level of L4 to L5, accounting for patient demographic and anthropometric characteristics. METHODS: We measured the umbilicus and iliac crests relative to the lumbar spine u ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · August 2024
BACKGROUND: Further optimization of the validated vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may expand its clinical utility for bone mineral density (BMD) assessment. This study evaluated the correlations among cervical and ...
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Journal ArticleEur Spine J · July 2024
PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study was to describe the feasibility, surgical approach window (SAW), and incision line (IL) for oblique lateral interbody fusion at L5-S1 (OLIF51) using computed tomography (CT). A secondary aim was to identify associatio ...
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Journal ArticleWorld Neurosurgery X · July 1, 2024
Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusions (ACDF) are among the most common cervical spine operations, with over 137,000 surgeries performed annually. Understanding reasons underlying malpractice pertaining to ACDF may inform physicians of practi ...
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Journal ArticleWorld Neurosurgery X · July 1, 2024
Objective: Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease that greatly increases the risk of pathologic fractures and accounts for approximately 700,000 vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) annually in the United States. Cement augmentation procedures such as ...
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Journal ArticleSpine (Phila Pa 1976) · July 1, 2024
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. OBJECTIVE: The current study evaluates whether the addition of the Vertebral Bone Quality (VBQ) score to the Fusion Risk Score (FRS) improves its ability to predict perioperative outcomes. ...
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Journal ArticleSurgical Neurology International · June 7, 2024
Background: is study utilized computed tomography (CT) to establish normative radiographic morphometric measurements of cervical disc space height (DSH) and interpedicular distance (IPD) and document the influence of patient sex, race, ethnicity, and anthr ...
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Journal ArticleNeurosurgery · April 1, 2024
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To establish normative anatomic measurements of lumbar segmental angulation (SA) and disk space height (DSH) in relation to neuroforaminal dimensions (NFDs), and to uncover the influence of patient demographic and anthropometric ...
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Journal ArticleSpine (Phila Pa 1976) · March 15, 2024
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE: To report normative measurements of L1 to S1 lumbar neuroforamina on plain film radiography (PFR), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), accounting for patients' sex and ethnicity. BA ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · February 2024
OBJECTIVE: Bone mineral density assessment using Hounsfield Unit (HU) currently depends upon the availability of computed tomography (CT) of the lumbar spine. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among HU measurements of the cervi ...
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Journal ArticleBiomedicine (Taipei) · 2024
INTRODUCTION: Spine surgery is a common source of narcotic prescriptions and carries potential for long-term opioid dependence. As prescription opioids play a role in nearly 25 % of all opioid overdose deaths in the United States, mitigating risk for prolo ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Spine Surgery · January 1, 2024
Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) are distinct pathological entities that similarly increase the risk of vertebral fractures. Such fractures can be clinically devastating and frequently portend sign ...
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Journal ArticleEur Spine J · January 2024
PURPOSE: To compare measurements of lumbar neuroforaminal dimensions (NFD) derived from plain film radiography (PFR) and computed tomography (CT) of young patients without spinal pathology. METHODS: We analyzed 213 patients between 18 and 35 years of age w ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Spine Surgery · December 1, 2023
Background: The kidneys, ribs, liver, spleen, and iliac crests can pose access-related issues to the disc space during both anterior-to-psoas (ATP) and transpsoas (TP) surgical approaches. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the presence and ...
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Journal ArticleInterventional Pain Medicine · December 1, 2023
Study design: Retrospective cohort study. Introduction: Malpractice claims analysis is performed by several specialties to improve quality of patient care and to identify areas where physicians can improve their practice to mitigate the incidence of commit ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · December 2023
BACKGROUND: Understanding the location of surface anatomical landmarks in relation to the cervical and thoracic spine is important for a wide array of clinical applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of patient demographi ...
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Journal ArticleJ Bone Joint Surg Am · October 4, 2023
BACKGROUND: Although the radiographic parameters for diagnosing central lumbar canal stenosis are well described, parameters for the diagnosis of neuroforaminal stenosis (NFS) are less well defined. Previous studies have used magnetic resonance imaging (MR ...
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Journal ArticleSpine (Phila Pa 1976) · September 1, 2023
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of litigation due to using or foregoing methylprednisolone (MP), naloxone, or tirilazad for treatment of acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) through querying the Westlaw and Verdict ...
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Journal ArticleOper Neurosurg · July 1, 2023
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinal fusion through the anterior-to-psoas (ATP) technique harbors several approach-related risks. We used abdominal computed tomography imaging to analyze the L1-L5 ATP fusion approach measurements, feasibility, degree of obstr ...
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Journal ArticleSpine J · July 2023
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The number of elective spinal fusion procedures performed each year continues to grow, making risk factors for post-operative complications following this procedure increasingly clinically relevant. Nonhome discharge (NHD) is of particu ...
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Journal ArticleEur Spine J · June 2023
PURPOSE: The primary aim was to measure the safe corridor (SC), surgical incision anterior margin (AM), and posterior margin (PM) for OLIF bilaterally from L1 to L5. The secondary aim was to determine the feasibility of approach via the SC. The tertiary ai ...
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Journal ArticleSpine (Phila Pa 1976) · February 15, 2023
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective database study. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to compare the perioperative complications and reoperation rates after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA), and posterior cer ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Spine Surgery · February 1, 2023
Background: As the prevalence and associated health care costs of osteoporosis continue to rise in our aging population, there is a growing need to continue to identify methods to predict spine construct integrity accurately and cost-effectively. Dual-ener ...
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Journal ArticleEur Spine J · January 2023
PURPOSE: To evaluate the associations among the validated lumbar vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score, and cervical and thoracic VBQ scores. METHODS: Radiographic records of 100 patients who underwent synchronous MRI of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spi ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · January 2023
Random Forest (RF) is a widely used machine learning algorithm that can be utilized for identification of patient characteristics important for outcome prediction. Posterior cervical decompression with instrumented fusion (PCDF) is a procedure for the mana ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · September 2022
Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) have increased prevalence of lower bone mineral density (BMD) compared to healthy adolescents. Our goal was to compare bone density in patients with AIS and a nonaffected control group using an MRI-based ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Spine Surgery · June 1, 2022
Background: Determine effects of pre-operative opiate use on anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery outcomes. Methods: The study design was a single center retrospective cohort study. Patient records were reviewed from 2013 and 2018 for ele ...
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Journal ArticleEur Spine J · April 2022
PURPOSE: To assess the intra- and inter-observer reliability of the novel vertebral bone quality (VBQ) scoring system. METHODS: Four orthopedic surgery residents at various levels of training (PGY1-4) evaluated 100 noncontrast, T1-weighted MRIs of the lumb ...
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Journal ArticleSpine Deform · March 2022
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Since 2016, 35 of 50 US states have approved opioid-limiting and monitoring laws. The impact on postoperative opioid prescribing and secondary outcomes following pediatric scoliosis deformity correction surgery remains unknown. PURPOSE: ...
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Journal ArticlePerioperative Care and Operating Room Management · September 1, 2021
Background: Operating room (OR) utilization is the ratio of total hours of elective cases divided by the number of hours the OR is staffed. Suboptimal OR utilization wastes medical resources, increases overall cost to healthcare organizations and ultimatel ...
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Journal ArticleNorth American Spine Society Journal · March 1, 2021
Background context: Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare condition that can be difficult to diagnose. There are no guidelines for the treatment of SAPHO syndrome, but newer modalities of medications show promis ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Surgical Case Reports · February 1, 2021
Brucellosis is rare in the USA, with 100-200 cases reported annually. In this case we illustrate the complex management of spinal brucellosis. A 22-year-old male presented with 3 months of low back pain. Imaging revealed osteomyelitis/diskitis of L5/S1 and ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Spine Surgery · June 30, 2020
Background: Debate on whether to stop fusion at L5 or to extend fusion to S1 in a long spinal construct has been a controversial topic in spine surgery. Fewer data are available to support whether to include a prior solid fusion at L4-L5 or to extend to S1 ...
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Journal ArticleJBJS Case Connect · 2020
CASE: A 32-year-old man developed lumbar discitis and osteomyelitis after receiving a cell-based injection for the treatment of degenerative disc disease. Initial cultures were negative, but he continued to worsen, and a repeat set of cultures was taken. O ...
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Journal ArticleOper Neurosurg · October 1, 2019
BACKGROUND: Cortical bone trajectory is a relatively new alternative for instrumentation of the lumbar spine. When performing lumbosacral instrumentation, a novel S1 endplate penetrating screw (EPS) has been recently shown to have higher insertional torque ...
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Journal ArticleSpine (Phila Pa 1976) · February 15, 2019
STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of assessing bone quality using computed tomography (CT) attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Assessing bone quality befor ...
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Journal ArticleBrain Sciences · January 1, 2019
Vertebral Artery Injury (VAI) while performing cervical spinal reconstruction surgery is rare, but it can lead to catastrophic events. Treatment for this injury with regard to antiplatelet versus anticoagulation therapy is controversial. The purpose of thi ...
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Journal ArticleNeurosurgery · February 1, 2018
BACKGROUND: Jefferson's fracture, first described in 1927, represents a bursting fracture of the C1 ring with lateral displacement of the lateral masses. It has been determined that if the total lateral mass displacement (LMD) exceeds 6.9 mm, there is high ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · January 2018
Pars and pedicle fractures as a result of CBT (cortical bone trajectory) during pedicle screw placement have been reported. The primary aim of the study is to compare the fracture rate between screws with modular heads to screws with standard pre-assembled ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · November 2017
The loss of regional cervical sagittal alignment and the progressive development of cervical kyphosis is a factor in the advancement of myelopathy. Adequate decompression of the spinal canal along with reestablishment of cervical lordosis are desired objec ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · September 2016
The use of cobalt chrome (CoCr) implants in spinal surgery has become increasingly popular. However, there have been no studies specifically comparing biofilm formation on CoCr with that of titanium-alloy spinal implants. The objective of this study was to ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Neurosci · February 2016
This retrospective chart review aimed to identify and report on a series of early complications that resulted from instrumentation of the lumbar spine using the cortical bone trajectory (CBT) technique. CBT technique is a novel method for fixation of the l ...
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Journal ArticleJ Neurosurg · January 2000
OBJECT: Progressive kyphotic deformity of the lumbar or thoracolumbar spine may lead to back pain, cosmetic deformity, and risk of neurological compromise. The authors describe a series of patients in whom they performed a single-stage, posterior reduction ...
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Journal ArticleJ Arthroplasty · October 1997
The results of isolated acetabular revision performed in 31 patients (32 hips) were monitored for between 3 and 9 years. All femoral components were well fixed and not removed or revised at the time of index surgery. There were 4 hips with little or no ace ...
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Journal ArticleJ Neurosurg · December 1995
The authors retrospectively studied 49 nonparaplegic patients who sustained acute unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures. All patients underwent surgical treatment and were followed for an average of 27 months. All but one patient achieved solid radiograph ...
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