Scholars@Duke
Burton Lasater Scott

Burton Lasater Scott

Professor of Neurology
Neurology, Movement Disorders
burton.scott@duke.edu
Duke Box 3333, Durham, NC 27710
932 Morreene Rd, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

Automated Imaging Differentiation for Parkinsonism.

Journal Article JAMA Neurol · May 1, 2025 IMPORTANCE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paired with appropriate disease-specific machine learning holds promise for the clinical differentiation of Parkinson disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) parkinsonian variant, and progressive supranuclea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Motor network reorganization associated with rTMS-induced writing improvement in writer's cramp dystonia.

Journal Article Brain Stimul · 2025 BACKGROUND: Writer's cramp (WC) dystonia is an involuntary movement disorder with distributed abnormalities in the brain's motor network. Prior studies established the potential for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to either premotor cor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multimodal Retinal Imaging Classification for Parkinson's Disease Using a Convolutional Neural Network.

Journal Article Transl Vis Sci Technol · August 1, 2024 PURPOSE: Changes in retinal structure and microvasculature are connected to parallel changes in the brain. Two recent studies described machine learning algorithms trained on retinal images and quantitative data that identified Alzheimer's dementia and mil ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ultra-Widefield Imaging of the Retinal Macrovasculature in Parkinson Disease Versus Controls With Normal Cognition Using Alpha-Shapes Analysis.

Journal Article Transl Vis Sci Technol · January 2, 2024 PURPOSE: To investigate retinal vascular characteristics using ultra-widefield (UWF) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS: Individuals with an expert-confirmed clinical diagnosis of PD and controls with normal cognition without ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterizing differences in retinal and choroidal microvasculature and structure in individuals with Huntington's Disease compared to healthy controls: A cross-sectional prospective study.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2024 OBJECTIVE: To characterize retinal and choroidal microvascular and structural changes in patients who are gene positive for mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) with symptoms of Huntington's Disease (HD). METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional comparison of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal Analysis of Retinal Microvascular and Choroidal Imaging Parameters in Parkinson's Disease Compared with Controls.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · December 2023 PURPOSE: To quantify rate of change of retinal microvascular and choroidal structural parameters in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with controls using OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA). DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS: Se ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and efficacy of valbenazine for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease (KINECT-HD): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Journal Article Lancet Neurol · June 2023 BACKGROUND: Valbenazine is a highly selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor approved for treatment of tardive dyskinesia. To address the ongoing need for improved symptomatic treatments for individuals with Huntington's disease, valbe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ulotaront, a Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1/Serotonin 5-HT1A Agonist, in Patients With Parkinson Disease Psychosis A Pilot Study

Journal Article Neurology Clinical Practice · May 25, 2023 Background and Objectives Ulotaront (SEP-363856) is a trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist with 5-HT1A receptor agonist activity currently in phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia. In this exploratory, flexibly dos ... Full text Cite

Suitability of Automated Writing Measures for Clinical Trial Outcome in Writer's Cramp.

Journal Article Mov Disord · January 2023 BACKGROUND: Writer's cramp (WC) dystonia is a rare disease that causes abnormal postures during the writing task. Successful research studies for WC and other forms of dystonia are contingent on identifying sensitive and specific measures that relate to th ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Pepinemab antibody blockade of SEMA4D in early Huntington's disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Journal Article Nat Med · October 2022 SIGNAL is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study (no. NCT02481674) established to evaluate pepinemab, a semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D)-blocking antibody, for treatment of Huntington's disease (HD). The trial enrolled a total of 2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Initial Clinical Outcome With Bilateral, Dual-Target Deep Brain Stimulation Trial in Parkinson Disease Using Summit RC + S.

Journal Article Neurosurgery · July 1, 2022 BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy in advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Although both subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus (GP) DBS show equivalent efficacy in PD, combined stimulation may demonstrate synergism. OBJECT ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Identifying Peripapillary Radial Capillary Plexus Alterations in Parkinson's Disease Using OCT Angiography.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · January 2022 PURPOSE: To compare radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus vascular parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between those with Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Repeatability of Peripapillary OCT Angiography in Neurodegenerative Disease.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · December 2021 PURPOSE: To assess the repeatability of peripapillary OCT angiography (OCTA) in those with Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson disease (PD), or normal cognition. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with a clinical ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effect of Urate-Elevating Inosine on Early Parkinson Disease Progression: The SURE-PD3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA · September 14, 2021 IMPORTANCE: Urate elevation, despite associations with crystallopathic, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, has been pursued as a potential disease-modifying strategy for Parkinson disease (PD) based on convergent biological, epidemiological, and clin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mindfulness based stress reduction in people with Parkinson's disease and their care partners.

Journal Article Complement Ther Clin Pract · May 2021 BACKGROUND: Parkinson's Disease (PD) leads to poor quality of life and caregiver burden. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) may improve these symptoms. We assessed the impact of a 9-week MBSR course on people with PD (PwP) and their care partners (C ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Characterization of Retinal Microvascular and Choroidal Structural Changes in Parkinson Disease.

Journal Article JAMA Ophthalmol · February 1, 2021 IMPORTANCE: Noninvasive retinal imaging may detect structural changes associated with Parkinson disease (PD) and may represent a novel biomarker for disease detection. OBJECTIVE: To characterize alterations in the structure and microvasculature of the reti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retinal vascular changes in Parkinson's disease on ultra-widefield retinal imaging

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · 2021 Cite

Safety of Converting From Tetrabenazine to Deutetrabenazine for the Treatment of Chorea.

Journal Article JAMA Neurol · August 1, 2017 IMPORTANCE: Tetrabenazine is efficacious for chorea control; however, tolerability concerns exist. Deutetrabenazine, a novel molecule that reduces chorea, was well tolerated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety an ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in Huntington disease.

Journal Article Neurology · January 10, 2017 OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that chronic treatment of early-stage Huntington disease (HD) with high-dose coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) will slow the progressive functional decline of HD. METHODS: We performed a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-cont ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dopamine Transporter Imaging has no Impact on Functional Outcomes in de Novo Probable Parkinson's Disease.

Journal Article J Parkinsons Dis · 2017 BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions. While motor and non-motor aspects of this disease have been well characterized, no objective biomarker exists to support an accurate clinical diagnosis. However, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional Genomic Analyses of Mendelian and Sporadic Disease Identify Impaired eIF2α Signaling as a Generalizable Mechanism for Dystonia.

Journal Article Neuron · December 21, 2016 Dystonia is a brain disorder causing involuntary, often painful movements. Apart from a role for dopamine deficiency in some forms, the cellular mechanisms underlying most dystonias are currently unknown. Here, we discover a role for deficient eIF2α signal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Deutetrabenazine on Chorea Among Patients With Huntington Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA · July 5, 2016 IMPORTANCE: Deutetrabenazine is a novel molecule containing deuterium, which attenuates CYP2D6 metabolism and increases active metabolite half-lives and may therefore lead to stable systemic exposure while preserving key pharmacological activity. OBJECTIVE ... Full text Link to item Cite

Linkage of familial essential tremor to chromosome 5q35.

Journal Article Mov Disord · July 2016 BACKGROUND: Essential tremor is a neurological condition characterized by tremor during voluntary movement. To date, 3 loci linked to familial essential tremor have been identified. METHODS: We examined 48 essential tremor patients in 5 large essential tre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pioglitazone in early Parkinson's disease: a phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trial.

Journal Article Lancet Neurol · August 2015 BACKGROUND: A systematic assessment of potential disease-modifying compounds for Parkinson's disease concluded that pioglitazone could hold promise for the treatment of patients with this disease. We assessed the effect of pioglitazone on the progression o ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Consensus-based clinical practice recommendations for the examination and management of falls in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Journal Article Parkinsonism Relat Disord · April 2014 Falls in Parkinson's disease (PD) are common and frequently devastating. Falls prevention is an urgent priority, but there is no accepted program that specifically addresses the risk profile in PD. Therefore, we aimed to provide consensus-based clinical pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of latrepirdine in patients with mild to moderate Huntington disease.

Journal Article JAMA Neurol · January 2013 BACKGROUND Latrepirdine is an orally administered experimental small molecule that was initially developed as an antihistamine and subsequently was shown to stabilize mitochondrial membranes and function, which might be impaired in Huntington disease. OBJE ... Full text Link to item Cite

CAG repeat expansion in Huntington disease determines age at onset in a fully dominant fashion.

Journal Article Neurology · March 6, 2012 OBJECTIVE: Age at onset of diagnostic motor manifestations in Huntington disease (HD) is strongly correlated with an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat. The length of the normal CAG repeat allele has been reported also to influence age at onset, in interact ... Full text Link to item Cite

Auditory-perceptual analysis of dysarthria in bilateral striatopallidodentate calcinosis (fahr's disease)

Journal Article Journal of Medical Speech Language Pathology · March 1, 2012 A 53-year-old woman with bilateral striatopallidodentate calcinosis (BSPDC) was referred for motor speech examination, and high-quality acoustic recordings were obtained. Three speech-language pathologists experienced in auditory-perceptual assessment of s ... Open Access Cite

A randomized pilot trial of estrogen replacement therapy in post-menopausal women with Parkinson's disease.

Journal Article Parkinsonism Relat Disord · December 2011 OBJECTIVE: To assess short-term safety and tolerability of estrogen replacement therapy in post-menopausal women with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: In a multi-center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial, post-menopausal women with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Integrated behavior therapy in the treatment of complicated Tourette's disorder and Its comorbidities

Journal Article Clinical Case Studies · June 1, 2010 Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that often presents with a complex array of motor and phonic tics that persist over the majority of a person's life. GTS often presents with comorbidities such as attention-deficit hyper ... Full text Cite

Integrated behavior therapy in the treatment of complicated tourette's disorder and its comorbidities

Journal Article Clinical Case Studies · April 1, 2010 Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that often presents with a complex array of motor and phonic tics that persist over the majority of a person's life. GTS often presents with comorbidities such as attention deficit hyper ... Full text Cite

Genome-wide association study confirms SNPs in SNCA and the MAPT region as common risk factors for Parkinson disease.

Journal Article Ann Hum Genet · March 2010 Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a cumulative prevalence of greater than one per thousand. To date three independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have investigated the genetic susceptibility to PD. These studies ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impulse control disorders arising in 3 patients treated with rotigotine.

Journal Article Clin Neuropharmacol · 2009 OBJECTIVE: We report 3 cases of impulse control disorders (ICDs) that developed in patients with Parkinson disease treated with the novel dopamine agonist, rotigotine. METHODS: Three patients were identified retrospectively who developed symptoms of an ICD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ropinirole 24-hour prolonged release and ropinirole immediate release in early Parkinson's disease: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority crossover study.

Journal Article Curr Med Res Opin · October 2008 OBJECTIVE: This study compares once-daily ropinirole 24-h prolonged release and three-times-daily ropinirole immediate release in patients with early Parkinson's disease. METHODS: This multicentre, double-blind, non-inferiority crossover study involved 161 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease: a family-based case-control study.

Journal Article BMC Neurol · March 28, 2008 BACKGROUND: Pesticides and correlated lifestyle factors (e.g., exposure to well-water and farming) are repeatedly reported risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), but few family-based studies have examined these relationships. METHODS: Using 319 cases a ... Full text Link to item Cite

A pilot clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease: 18-month results.

Journal Article Clin Neuropharmacol · 2008 OBJECTIVE: To report an 18-month follow-up on creatine and minocycline futility study, the Neuroprotective Exploratory Trials in Parkinson Disease, Futility Study 1 (NET-PD FS-1). BACKGROUND: The NET-PD FS-1 futility study on creatine and minocycline found ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking, caffeine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in families with Parkinson disease.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · April 2007 OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between Parkinson disease (PD) and putatively protective factors-smoking, caffeine (coffee, tea, and soft drinks), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen). DESIGN: Family-based case-cont ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 and GPI-1485 in early Parkinson disease.

Journal Article Neurology · January 2, 2007 OBJECTIVE: To determine if future studies of coenzyme Q(10) and GPI-1485 in Parkinson disease (PD) may be warranted. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, calibrated futility clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 and GPI-1485 in early untreated PD usi ... Full text Link to item Cite

NOS2A and the modulating effect of cigarette smoking in Parkinson's disease.

Journal Article Ann Neurol · September 2006 OBJECTIVE: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, a protein product of NOS2A, generates nitric oxide as a defense mechanism, but excessive levels threaten cellular survival. NOS2A is a candidate gene for Parkinson's disease (PD) that potentially interacts with c ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized, double-blind, futility clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease.

Journal Article Neurology · March 14, 2006 BACKGROUND: Creatine and minocycline were prioritized for testing in Phase II clinical trials based on a systematic evaluation of potentially disease modifying compounds for Parkinson disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: To test whether creatine and minocycline alter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Randomized controlled trial of intraputamenal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor infusion in Parkinson disease.

Journal Article Ann Neurol · March 2006 OBJECTIVE: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exerts potent trophic influence on midbrain dopaminergic neurons. This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to confirm initial clinical benefits observed in a small, open-label tria ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomic convergence to identify candidate genes for Parkinson disease: SAGE analysis of the substantia nigra.

Journal Article Mov Disord · October 2005 Genomic convergence is a multistep approach that combines gene expression with genomic linkage to identify and prioritize susceptibility genes for complex disease. As a first step, we previously performed linkage analysis on 174 multiplex Parkinson's disea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression profiling of substantia nigra in Parkinson disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · June 2005 BACKGROUND: Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Genes contributing to rare mendelian forms of PD have been identified, but the genes involved in the more common idiopathic PD are not well underst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Family-based case-control study of cigarette smoking and Parkinson disease.

Journal Article Neurology · February 8, 2005 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether people with Parkinson disease (PD) are less likely to report a history of cigarette smoking than their unaffected siblings. BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported that individuals with PD are half as likely to have smoked as ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of rasagiline in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson disease and motor fluctuations: the PRESTO study.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · February 2005 BACKGROUND: Rasagiline (n-propargyl-1[R]-aminoindan) mesylate is a novel irreversible selective monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor, previously demonstrated to improve symptoms in early Parkinson disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety, tolerabilit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype tagging polymorphisms in the Tau H1 haplotype.

Journal Article Neurogenetics · September 2004 We and others have previously detected association of the Tau H1 haplotype on chromosome 17 with risk of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). The H1 haplotype appears to have a fundamental importance in neurodegeneration, as multiple studies have shown it is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fibroblast growth factor 20 polymorphisms and haplotypes strongly influence risk of Parkinson disease.

Journal Article Am J Hum Genet · June 2004 The pathogenic process responsible for the loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) is poorly understood. Current research supports the involvement of fibroblast growth factor (FGF20) in the survival ... Full text Link to item Cite

A case of combined orthostatic tremor and primary gait ignition failure.

Journal Article Clin Neurol Neurosurg · September 2003 We report a case of a woman with both orthostatic tremor and primary gait ignition failure, a novel combination. We review the literature on both of these conditions, and discuss possible neuroanatomic substrates. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association study of Parkin gene polymorphisms with idiopathic Parkinson disease.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · July 2003 BACKGROUND: Previously, we detected linkage of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) to the region on chromosome 6 that contains the Parkin gene (D6S305; logarithm of odds score, 5.47) in families with at least one individual with age at onset younger than 40 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parkin mutations and susceptibility alleles in late-onset Parkinson's disease.

Journal Article Ann Neurol · May 2003 Parkin, an E2-dependent ubiquitin protein ligase, carries pathogenic mutations in patients with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, but its role in the late-onset form of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not firmly established. Previously, we detected li ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic polymorphisms of the N-acetyltransferase genes and risk of Parkinson's disease.

Journal Article Neurology · April 8, 2003 Recently, the authors demonstrated linkage in idiopathic PD to a region on chromosome 8p that contains the N-acetyltransferase genes, NAT1 and NAT2. The authors examined NAT1 and NAT2 for association with PD using family-based association methods and singl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitochondrial polymorphisms significantly reduce the risk of Parkinson disease.

Journal Article Am J Hum Genet · April 2003 Mitochondrial (mt) impairment, particularly within complex I of the electron transport system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). More than half of mitochondrially encoded polypeptides form part of the reduced nicotinamide a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of Tau association with Parkinson disease

Conference ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY · January 1, 2003 Link to item Cite

Age at onset in two common neurodegenerative diseases is genetically controlled.

Journal Article Am J Hum Genet · April 2002 To identify genes influencing age at onset (AAO) in two common neurodegenerative diseases, a genomic screen was performed for AAO in families with Alzheimer disease (AD; n=449) and Parkinson disease (PD; n=174). Heritabilities between 40%--60% were found i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Application of the continuous scale physical functional performance test to people with parkinson disease

Journal Article Neurology Report · January 1, 2002 Parkinson disease PD is a chronic progressive neurological disorder, often resulting in substantial limitation of function. A number of self-report and performance-based measures have been used to quantify change of disease state or function in people who ... Full text Cite

Complete genomic screen in Parkinson disease: evidence for multiple genes.

Journal Article JAMA · November 14, 2001 CONTEXT: The relative contribution of genes vs environment in idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) is controversial. Although genetic studies have identified 2 genes in which mutations cause rare single-gene variants of PD and observational studies have sugge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the tau gene with late-onset Parkinson disease.

Journal Article JAMA · November 14, 2001 CONTEXT: The human tau gene, which promotes assembly of neuronal microtubules, has been associated with several rare neurologic diseases that clinically include parkinsonian features. We recently observed linkage in idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) to a r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of tau with late-onset Parkinson disease.

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS · October 1, 2001 Link to item Cite

Complete genomic screen in idiopathic Parkinson disease.

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS · October 1, 2001 Link to item Cite

Parkin mutations and idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD).

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS · October 1, 2000 Link to item Cite

Evaluation and treatment of dystonia.

Journal Article South Med J · August 2000 BACKGROUND: Dystonia is a neurologic disorder that interferes with normal motor control, causing development of bizarre postures and writhing, twisting movements. METHODS: The patient database of the Duke Movement Disorders Clinic was searched to identify ... Link to item Cite

Evaluation and treatment of dystonia

Journal Article SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL · August 1, 2000 Link to item Cite

Patient preferences and utilities for 'off-time' outcomes in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Journal Article Qual Life Res · 2000 The purpose of this study was to derive patient preferences and utilities for outcomes associated with treatment of motor fluctuations, or 'off-time', for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Visual analog scale (VAS) and standard gamble (SG) approaches ... Full text Link to item Cite

Apolipoprotein E and neural survival

Journal Article EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY · May 1, 1998 Link to item Cite

Human apolipoprotein E accelerates microtubule polymerization in vitro.

Journal Article Neurosci Lett · April 3, 1998 Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34-kDa protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that has recently been identified in neuronal cytoplasm. In cultured neurons, the two major isoforms of apoE (E3 and E4) differentially affect neurite extension, microtubule ... Full text Link to item Cite

Botulinum toxin injection into vocal cord in the treatment of malignant coprolalia associated with Tourette's syndrome.

Journal Article Mov Disord · July 1996 We describe a 13-year-old boy with Tourette's syndrome (TS) manifested chiefly by severe coprolalia, obsessive compulsive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. He was treated with unilateral injections of botulinum toxin to the vocal cord ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply from the Authors: Delayed-onset dyskinesias

Journal Article Neurology · January 1, 1996 Full text Cite

Delayed-onset progressive movement disorders after static brain lesions.

Journal Article Neurology · January 1996 We studied 53 patients (64% females) with static brain lesions who developed progressive movement disorders. Of these, 50 (94%) had dystonia, 17 (32%) tremor, eight (15%) parkinsonism, seven (13%) myoclonus, and three (6%) chorea. The precipitating insults ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid in rod photoreceptor cells of the retina and at synapses.

Journal Article Ups J Med Sci Suppl · 1990 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major biosynthetic product of the omega-3 family of fatty acids, is uniquely concentrated in the retina and synaptic membranes. In the perinatal period of life, when the bulk of synaptogenesis and photoreceptor biogenesis ta ... Link to item Cite

Membrane docosahexaenoate is supplied to the developing brain and retina by the liver.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · April 1989 Docosahexaenoic acid [22:6 omega 3; 22:6(4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19)] is concentrated in phospholipids of cellular membranes from brain and retina. Although linolenic acid [18:3 omega 3; 18:3(9, 12, 15)] is the major omega 3 fatty acid of mouse dams' mil ... Full text Cite

Developing rod photoreceptors from normal and mutant Rd mouse retinas: altered fatty acid composition early in development of the mutant.

Journal Article J Neurosci Res · 1988 The phospholipid and fatty acid contents of developing rod photoreceptor cells were determined in dissociated photoreceptor cells obtained from normal mice and from rd mice exhibiting an inherited retinal degeneration. Photoreceptors were dissociated from ... Full text Link to item Cite

Docosahexaenoate metabolism and fatty-acid composition in developing retinas of normal and rd mutant mice.

Journal Article Exp Eye Res · January 1987 The fatty-acid composition of retinal lipids in developing control and rd mice (C57BL/6J) was determined. In addition, fatty-acid composition in brain and retina of normal and rd adult animals was compared. At 11 days of postnatal age, rd retinas contained ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decreased content of docosahexaenoate and arachidonate in plasma phospholipids in Usher's syndrome.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · December 15, 1986 Docosahexaenoate and arachidonate were found to be significantly decreased in plasma phospholipids from Usher's syndrome patients. The fatty acid content of plasma triacylglycerols was not changed in these patients. Usher's syndrome, an autosomal recessive ... Full text Link to item Cite

A 3-dimensional study of membrane crystals of rhodopsin

Journal Article Vision Research · January 1984 Full text Cite

A 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF CRYSTALLINE RHODOPSIN MEMBRANES

Journal Article BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL · January 1, 1984 Link to item Cite

Two-dimensional rhodopsin crystals from disk membranes of frog retinal rod outer segments.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · February 1982 Two-dimensional crystals of rhodopsin have been prepared from purified frog disk membranes by using the detergent Tween 80. The space group of the orthorhombic crystals is p22121; the unit cell dimensions are 47 X 151 A. Projection maps of negatively stain ... Full text Link to item Cite

CRYSTALLINE MITOCHONDRIAL INCLUSIONS IN THE FROG ROD INNER SEGMENT

Journal Article BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL · January 1, 1982 Link to item Cite